Parasite community similarity between four Irish lakes

AbstractA total of 140 trout were examined from four lakes in north west Ireland, Loughs Craghy, Waskel, Meela and Owennamarve. Eleven species of metazoan parasite were recorded, ten of which were of freshwater origin and Anisakissp. was the only marine species. No acanthocephalan species were found. Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. dendriticum and Anisakissp. were the only allogenic species. Lough Owennamarve had the largest component community with nine species recorded. Lough Meela, the only brackish water lake had the smallest component community with six species recorded. Lough Waskel and Craghy had intermediate component community values. Lough Meela showed the lowest levels of similarity to any of the other lakes. Values for the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were highest for Lough Owennamarve and lowest for Lough Meela and intermediate for the other two lakes. Lough Meela had the highest values for the Simpson's dominance index and the Berger-Parker index. Lough Owennamarve had the highest Brillouin's index and Lough Meela had the lowest. The use of multiple regression techniques to control for the potentially confounding effect of geographical distance as a predictor of community similarity was discussed. No parasite species found could be considered as regionally and locally abundant and therefore described as a core species. The helminth community appears to have some degree of predictability, but chance colonization events are also important.

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Evaluation of the diversity of Scolitids (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the forest plantations of the central zone of the Ecuadorian littoral

Ciencia y Tecnología ◽

10.18779/cyt.v10i2.204 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Malena Martínez ◽

Jessenia Castro ◽

Ronald Villamar-Torres ◽

Mercedes Carranza ◽

Julio Muñoz-Rengifo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Central Zone ◽

The Other ◽

Dry Period ◽

Tropical Zone ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Wood Borer

The species of Scolytinae subfamily have a worldwide distribution, and are found mainly in the Neo-tropic regions. They usually dominate the communities of wood borer insects. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity among Scolytinae species associated with balsa, teak, rubber and gamhar plantations located in the humid tropical zone of the Ecuadorian littoral. In each plantation seven flight interception traps containing an ethanol / gel mixture were installed, with a collection frequency of 15 days for three months in the dry period. A total of 1437 specimens were collected, represented by Xyleborini, Cryphalini, Corthylini and Ipini tribes. In the four plantations, 18 species of Scolitids were collected, of which 16 were recorded in the balsa plantation, while in the other plantations 10 to 12 species were found. The most abundant Scolitids were Hypothenemus spp., Corthylus spp., Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborinus bicornatulus and Premnobium cavipennis. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was higher in the balsa culture (H’= 2.37) and lower in Teak (H’= 1.57). The Jaccard similarity index was higher among the teak and rubber plantations (Cj = 0.9090) while the balsa plantation obtained less similarity with respect to the other three plantations. The greatest diversity of Scolitids was recorded in the balsa plantation, which is a native species, unlike the other forest species, which are exotic, indicating that the diversity would be influenced by the host tree and the location where they are found.

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The Diversity and Conservation Status of Snakes in Rawa Mekar Jaya, Riau, Indonesia

Jurnal Biodjati ◽

10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.9462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 246-254

Author(s):

Agung Purnomo Adjie ◽

Sri Catur Setyawatiningsih

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Wildlife Habitat ◽

The Other ◽

Mangrove Area ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Index Value ◽

Made In

Snakes in Mekar Jaya mangrove ecosystem have the potential be ecotourism objects. On the other hand ecotourism activities might reduce the quality of wildlife habitat, including that of the snake. This study aimed to determine the diversity and status of snake species in the mangrove ecosystem of Rawa Mekar Jaya. A transect of 20 x 50 m was made in three stations: rivers (S1), ecotourism route (S2), and dense mangroves (S3). The observation was carried out at low tide and repeated three times with a span of 2 days. Snake data was collected using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. We revealed 59 snakes in the mangrove area of Rawa Mekar Jaya consisting of 3 species namely Boiga dendrophila, Cerberus rynchops, and Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus. B. dendrophila and C. rhyncops are mangrove specialists. The Shannon Wiener diversity index value (H ') for all observation stations is below one, so it is classified as low. All types of snakes found are not protected and classified as the least concern. C. rynchops is included in the CITES appendix III

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Diversity patterns in helminth communities in common gulls, Larus canus

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000061527 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 439-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

C. R. Kennedy ◽

T. A. Bakke

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Parasite Community ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Component Community ◽

Core Species ◽

Helminth Communities ◽

Species Lists ◽

High Species Richness ◽

Abundance And Diversity

SUMMARYThe parameters of species richness, abundance and diversity of the intestinal helminth infracommunities of a sample of 269 Common gulls, Larus canus, were examined over one season at Agdenes, Norway. The communities developed rapidly in unfledged gulls and the diversity parameters were of similar magnitude in immature and adult birds. All parameters were low in the early part of the season, reached maxima in June or July and fluctuated erratically or declined thereafter. Comparison of summary parameters with those from other species of gulls indicated that helminth community diversity in Common gulls is fairly typical of gulls in general. In gulls as a group, helminth communities show common features of high species richness, low abundance, few or no core species and a number of species that occur rarely and in low numbers. Expectations of particularly high parasite community diversity were not fully realised because species lists and diversity of the component community are not a very good basis for predicting diversity at the infracommunity level.

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Distribution and Abundance of Spider Fauna in Zaria Local Government Area, North West, Nigeria

Nigeria Journal of Entomology ◽

10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 22-31

Author(s):

I. Isa

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Spider Species ◽

North West ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Species Area ◽

High Dominance ◽

Area North

Spiders are among the most diverse arthropod groups of organisms. This study investigated the distribution and abundance of spiders in five locations in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted for five months, from April to August, 2018. Samples were collected twice each month using vegetation beating, trapping using bottle and handpicking methods. The abundance of each species of spider identified was expressed in percentages while diversity was revealed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index. A total of 217 spiders were collected from all the study locations which belong to 14 families, 24 genera and 28 species. The study locations differ in terms of vegetation, topography and habitat structures. Family Lycosidae was found to be the dominant family which include four genera and five species, followed, by Agelenidae, Amaurobidae and Gnaphosidae which have a species proportion of 10.7% each and 3 species abundance. Area II (Tudun Serika) the most diverse, with 60 spiders collected in this area, belonging to 11 families, 18 genera and 19 species. Area IV (_________) was the least in terms of spider species diversity and abundance with only 12 spiders, belonging to four genera and four families. Cesonia bilineata had high dominance index of 1.315. There is need for proper documentation of spider species available in Nigeria.

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Intestinal Helminth Communities of Grey Partridge Perdix perdix and Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus in Poland

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3396

Author(s):

Izabella Rząd ◽

Agata Stapf ◽

Sławomir Adam Kornaś ◽

Ewa Dzika ◽

Rusłan Sałamatin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Parasite Community ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Component Community ◽

Dominance Index ◽

Hunting Season ◽

Grey Partridge ◽

Heterakis Gallinarum ◽

Common Pheasant ◽

First Time

The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and means of identification of helminths in native partridges (65) and introduced pheasants (32) in Poland and to determine the level of intestinal infection of these birds by helminths using parasitological and ecological indices. The birds were acquired during the hunting season in the years 2015–2017. Nematodes, Capillaria phasianina, cestodes, Railietina friedbergeri, and one trematode, Brachylaima sp. were recorded for the first time in partridges in Poland. Our findings indicate that parasites are more prevalent in pheasants (prevalence 70.4%) than in partridges (prevalence 50.0%). The component community and infracommunity of parasites of partridges are more diverse (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.63 and mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.10 ± 0.17) and less dominated by a single parasite species (Capillaria sp., Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.53) than the pheasant parasite community (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.07, mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.005 ± 0.02, dominant species Heterakis gallinarum, Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.96). There were statistically significant differences between partridges and pheasants in the Brillouin diversity index and in the prevalence of Heterakis gallinarum (55.6% in pheasants vs. 19.0 in partridges). There were significant differences between wild and farmed partridges in the prevalence of infection by Capillaria sp. (4.3% vs. 37.5%) and H. gallinarum (39.1 vs. 6.2%). In conclusion, the pheasant was shown to be a reservoir, carrier, and shedder of nematodes, which may increase the risk of infection in partridges.

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Short Communication: The diversity of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) as a success indicator of tin-mined land revegetation

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

Author(s):

DINDA WIRANTI ◽

EDDY NURTJAHYA ◽

DAHELMI DAHELMI

Keyword(s):

Environmental Quality ◽

Short Communication ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Quality Changes ◽

Community Similarity ◽

Butterfly Diversity ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract. Wiranti D, Nurtjahya E, Dahelmi. 2019. Short Communication: The diversity of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) as a success indicator of tin-mined land revegetation. Biodiversitas 20: 1923-1928. Some former tin-mining areas in Belitung District have been revegetated. With the increase of vegetation age, the environmental quality changes, and so does the diversity of insects living in the vegetated areas. The objective of this study was to propose the use of butterfly diversity as a success indicator of tin-mined land revegetation. The research was conducted at six locations in Belitung District, consisting of one tin-mined land that had not been revegetated, four revegetated tin-mined lands with different ages of vegetation, namely 1-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-20 years, more than 20 years, and primary forest in Gunung Tajam. The research used the Pollard walk method and specimens were obtained using insect nets. The results showed that the highest diversity of butterflies was recorded in primary forest (31 species), followed by vegetated mined lands with the following ages of vegetation: > 20 years (21 species), 10-20 years (15 species), 5-10 years (14 species ), and 1-5 years (7 species), and the lowest diversity was found in tin-mined land that had not been revegetated (2 species). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in tin- mined land that had not been revegetated was low, namely 0.56 while in the revegetated tin mined land was medium, i.e., 1.47 – 2.96 and in primary forest was high, i.e., 3.2. The diversity of butterflies in revegetated land increased with the increasing age of vegetation, and the community similarity index between revegetated land and forest also increased with the increasing age of vegetation. Therefore, the diversity of butterflies may be used as a success indicator of revegetation in former tin mining areas.

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Evaluation of the diversity of Scolitids (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the forest plantations of the central zone of the Ecuadorian littoral

Ciencia y Tecnología ◽

10.18779/cyt.v10i2.163 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Malena Martínez ◽

Jessenia Castro ◽

Ronald Villamar-Torres ◽

Mercedes Carranza ◽

Julio Muñoz-Rengifo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Central Zone ◽

The Other ◽

Dry Period ◽

Tropical Zone ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Wood Borer

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Effects of Plastic Debris on the Biofilm Bacterial Communities in Lake Water

Water ◽

10.3390/w13111465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1465

Author(s):

Chao Shen ◽

Liuyan Huang ◽

Guangwu Xie ◽

Yulai Wang ◽

Zongkai Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Bacterial Community Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Plastic Substrate ◽

Simpson Index ◽

Plastic Debris ◽

Plastic Substrates ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

Increasing discharge of plastic debris into aquatic ecosystems and the worsening ecological risks have received growing attention. Once released, plastic debris could serve as a new substrate for microbes in waters. The complex relationship between plastics and biofilms has aroused great interest. To confirm the hypothesis that the presence of plastic in water affects the composition of biofilm in natural state, in situ biofilm culture experiments were conducted in a lake for 40 days. The diversity of biofilm attached on natural (cobble stones (CS) and wood) and plastic substrates (Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) were compared, and the community structure and composition were also analyzed. Results from high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that the diversity and species richness of biofilm bacterial communities on natural substrate (observed species of 1353~1945, Simpson index of 0.977~0.989 and Shannon–Wiener diversity index of 7.42~8.60) were much higher than those on plastic substrates (observed species of 900~1146, Simpson index of 0.914~0.975 and Shannon–Wiener diversity index of 5.47~6.99). The NMDS analyses were used to confirm the taxonomic significance between different samples, and Anosim (p = 0.001, R = 0.892) and Adonis (p = 0.001, R = 808, F = 11.19) demonstrated that this classification was statistically rigorous. Different dominant bacterial communities were found on plastic and natural substrates. Alphaproteobacterial, Betaproteobacteria and Synechococcophycideae dominated on the plastic substrate, while Gammaproteobacteria, Phycisphaerae and Planctomycetia played the main role on the natural substrates. The bacterial community structure of the two substrates also showed significant difference which is consistent with previous studies using other polymer types. Our results shed light on the fact that plastic debris can serve as a new habitat for biofilm colonization, unlike natural substrates, pathogens and plastic-degrading microorganisms selectively attached to plastic substrates, which affected the bacterial community structure and composition in aquatic environment. This study provided a new insight into understanding the potential impacts of plastics serving as a new habitat for microbial communities in freshwater environments. Future research should focus on the potential impacts of plastic-attached biofilms in various aquatic environments and the whole life cycle of plastics (i.e., from plastic fragments to microplastics) and also microbial flock characteristics using microbial plastics in the natural environment should also be addressed.

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DISTRIBUTION AND RACE COMPOSITION OF DOWNY MILDEW (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni) IN BULGARIA / EXTENSION Y RAZAS DEL MILDIU (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. y de Toni) EN BULGARIA / ÉTENDUE ET RACES DE LA ROUILLE (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni) EN BULGARIE

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia.2000.23.33.25 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (33) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

P.S. Shindrova

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

The Other ◽

Plasmopara Halstedii ◽

North West ◽

North East ◽

Race 1 ◽

Race 2 ◽

Production Areas ◽

Number Of Authors

SUMMARY Downy mildew caused by the fungus Plasmopara halstedii is the main disease on sunflower in Bulgaria. In recent years a number of authors have reported the occurrence of new more virulent races of the pathogen. According to other authors these races demonstrate resistance to the fungicides used up to now. This fact is rather alarming and imposes the necessity of annual researches with the aim of following the changes in the downy mildew race variability. In the period 1995-1997 downy mildew isolates were collected from the following locations: Bourgas, Boyanovo, Karnobat, Ognyanovo, Selanovtsi, Kroushari, Lovech, Koubrat, Brashlyan, Sitovo, Tervel, Targovishte, IWS “Dobroudja” and Dobrich. The samples were assessed for virulence on a set of sunflower differential - lines under greenhouse conditions. The obtained results do not reveal a great race variability of downy mildew population in Bulgaria. In the period of study two races of the pathogen were identified: race 1 which infects the differential lines without genes for resistance to the pathogen. It is distributed in all sunflower production areas of the country. The other one is race 2. It is of limited distribution and has been registered in individual fields of north-east and north-west Bulgaria. It attacks the differential lines carrying the resistance gene Pl-1.

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Effects of Ecological Restoration Using Non-Native Mangrove Kandelia obovata to Replace Invasive Spartina alterniflora on Intertidal Macrobenthos Community in Maoyan Island (Zhejiang, China)

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9080788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Qiuxuan Wang ◽

Carlos Duarte ◽

Li Song ◽

George Christakos ◽

Susana Agusti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Ecological Restoration ◽

Spartina Alterniflora ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Invasion History ◽

Kandelia Obovata ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Spatial Differences ◽

Average Biomass

Spartina alterniflora has extensively invaded the coastline of China, including in Maoyan Island of Zhejiang Province. Ecological restoration has been conducted using non-native mangrove Kandelia obovata to replace S. alterniflora in an attempt to restore the impacted intertidal zones. To illustrate the ecological effectiveness of the restoration projects, macrobenthos communities were studied among different habitats within the restored areas, including one non-restored S. alterniflora marsh (SA) and three differently-aged restored K. obovata stands planted in 2003, 2009, and 2011 respectively (KF14, KF8, and KF6). Besides, one unvegetated mudflat (MF) adjacent to the non-restored S. alterniflora marsh and one K. obovata forest transplanted in 2006 (RKF) at a previously barren mudflat without invasion history of S. alterniflora were set as reference sites. A total of 69 species of macrobenthos were collected from Maoyan Island, and the species richness was dominated by gastropoda (23 species), polychaeta (18 species), and malacostraca (16 species). There was no significant difference between the six sites in terms of the abundance of macrobenthos, with the average values of abundance peaking in KF6 (734.7 ind m−2) and being lowest in RKF (341.3 ind m−2). The six sites had significant differences in terms of the biomass of macrobenthos. The KF8 site contained the highest average biomass (168.3 g m−2), whereas the MF site had the lowest (54.3 g m−2). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index of the macrobenthos did not exhibit significant differences among the six sites. However, the results of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant spatial differences in the macrobenthos community structure between the sites. Since KF14 shared a similar macrobenthos community structure with RKF, while representing a strikingly different structure from SA, we infer that ecological restoration using K. obovata can restore the macrobenthos community to resemble to a normally planted K. obovata forest about 15 years after restoration.

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