scholarly journals High Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Slovenian Wild Boars (Sus scrofa)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3139
Author(s):  
Petra Bandelj ◽  
Diana Žele Vengušt ◽  
Rok Blagus ◽  
Aleksandra Vergles Rataj ◽  
Branko Krt
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
National Level ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Great Public Health

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of great public health concern. Wild boars could be considered an emerging source of toxoplasmosis in humans due to the popularity of venison and their increasing population. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the Slovenian wild boar population and evaluate risk factors for human infection. Of 353 samples, 62% were positive for T. gondii using ELISA tests. This is the highest T. gondii seroprevalence reported to date in wild boar worldwide. The increase in prevalence with increasing age (p = 0.003) and weight (p = 0.002) were statistically significant, whereas gender was not (p = 0.781). Odds for being T. gondii-positive increased with age with the largest difference being between 2–3-year-old and 1–2-year-old animals (OR = 2.66, 95%CI: 1.03–6.85). Animals weighing 20–40 kg had a higher risk than animals weighing 0–20 kg (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.21–6.20), whereas a further increase in the weight was not associated with increasing the odds. Due to the high Toxoplasma prevalence, the study concluded that the risk of exposure to T. gondii from handling raw or undercooked wild boar meat is high. Surveillance protocols should be established at the national level together with increased awareness within the hunting community.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Alaria alata mesocercariae in wild boars from Brandenburg, Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Kästner ◽  
Nadja Seyhan Bier ◽  
Anne Mayer-Scholl ◽  
Karsten Nöckler ◽  
Martin Heinrich Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Alaria Alata ◽  
Spatial Fluctuations ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
German Federal State ◽  
Migration Technique

AbstractSince 2002, Alaria (A.) alata mesocercariae (AM) have been found during routine Trichinella inspection of wild boars in many European countries. To date, human infection with AM through consumption of undercooked or raw AM infested wild boar meat cannot be excluded. In Germany, data on the parasite’s prevalence in wild boars are scarce. To better understand temporal and spatial fluctuations of this parasite, this study investigated the prevalence of AM in wild boars in the German federal state of Brandenburg during three hunting seasons from 2017 to 2020. In total, 28.3% (100/354, 95% CI: 23.3–33.3%) of all wild boars sampled in eight counties of Brandenburg were tested positive for AM by Alaria alata mesocercariae migration technique (AMT). AM were detected in wild boars from seven different counties. Samples from one county (Havelland) tested completely negative for AM (0/16). Prevalences of the seven AM positive counties of Brandenburg ranged from 11.5 (3/26, 95% CI: 2.5–30.1%) in Märkisch-Oderland to 64.1% (25/39, 95% CI: 47.2–78.8%) in Uckermark. An association between sex and A. alata positivity could not be determined. A statistically significant increase in frequency of older AM positive wild boars was observed (p = 0.001). For a nationwide assessment of the prevalence of A. alata in wild boars and the risk for consumers of ingesting viable AM by consumption of raw or undercooked AM infested wild boar meat, further long-term studies in different regions of Germany are needed.

scholarly journals Trichinosis in Lublin Province in 2003-2010 on a Background of Wild Boar`S Population Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Marian Flis
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
Domestic Swine ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Abstract The research aimed at evaluating the epizootic and epidemiological situation of trichinosis during the last 8 years in Lublin province on a background of progressing increase in wild boar population within the region and in the whole country. Data for the study were taken from the report on the results of the official examination of slaughter animals and meat, poultry, game, lagomorphs and aquaculture animals and six reports on the number of trichinosis cases found at wild boars and domestic swine. In order to evaluate the trichinosis epidemiological situation within the region, reports of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene on the number of identified trichinosis cases in people, as well as the number of hospitalised patients were presented. In addition, information on the population and hunting achievement of wild boars in hunting circuits of Lublin province during the last 8 years was enclosed. The number of identified trichinosis cases in meat of wild boars from Lublin region increased 9 times, while the percentage of trichinosis occurrence in reference to the number of examined carcasses almost 3-fold. At the same period, the number of porcine carcasses, in which trichinosis was found, decreased by over 4 times. Over double increase in wild boar population on the studied area was observed during the evaluation. Dynamic increase in the population size - in an aspect of the species population interaction with the living habitat, and in the form of the increase in the number of damages of crops and cultivation fields - contributed to intensified hunting pressure towards the species expressed as almost 3-fold increase of wild boar hunting. Analysis of epizootic and epidemiological situation of Poland indicates that wild boar meat was the principal source of trichinosis during the studied period. Considering Lublin province, the number of identified trichinosis cases is still high as compared to eastern and central provinces. Meanwhile, when compared to western and northern Poland, the level of trichinosis invasion can be considered as low. Furthermore, the trichinosis morbidity among people, that does not exceed 0.18/100 thousand inhabitants, can be regarded as low. Nevertheless, the fact of underestimating the necessity of both wild boar’s and swine’s meat examination seems to be alarming

scholarly journals Very highly prevalent Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection of wild boar Sus scrofa in Khuzestan province, south-western Iran

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mowlavi ◽  
J. Massoud ◽  
I. Mobedi ◽  
S. Solaymani-Mohammadi ◽  
M. Gharagozlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Risk Situation ◽  
Macracanthorhynchus Hirudinaceus

AbstractAn epidemiological and pathological study of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection in a total of 50 wild boars Sus scrofa attila from cane sugar fields of Iranian Khuzestan was performed. The total prevalence of 64.0 % detected is the highest hitherto known by this acanthocephalan species in wild boars and may reflect a very high contamination of the farm lands studied as the consequence of the crowding of the wild boar population in cane sugar fields. Observations prove that this species is a wild boar gut wall perforating acanthocephalan. High burdens may become so pathogenic for the host individual as to be responsible for its elimination from the population. Thus, this acanthocephalan may play a role in the control of the S. scrofa population inhabiting cane sugar fields, only lowly infected boars being able to survive. In this way, M. hirudinaceus may be useful, as the wild boar is a serious pest of field corps and, moreover, causes a variety of damage to cane sugar fields because of using them for shelter and nesting areas. Such high prevalence in wild boars and presumably high contamination of cane sugar fields represent a human infection risk for farmers, as well as for concrete ethnic group minorities in Iran. The numerous M. hirudinaceus human infection cases reported so far, mainly in Asian countries, support such a risk situation.

scholarly journals Estimation of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in sheep in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Abdelkrim Aroussi ◽  
Ahmed Megharbi ◽  
Meghit Boumediene Khaled ◽  
Hadj Labdouni ◽  
Kadi Diafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Sheep are considered as an important reservoir of human Toxoplasma gondii infections, although more recent data on the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep in Algeria are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep to obtain a better insight into the importance of sheep as reservoirs of human infection. A commercial ELISA kit, which detects antibodies against T. gondii, was utilized to test 269 sera collected from yearling sheep in the municipal slaughterhouse of Sidi-Bel-Abbes city between October 2020 and February 2021. Simultaneously, we assessed the cut-off as recommended by the manufacturer (S/P>50%) and the bootstrap statistical model to estimate the optimal cut-off value (OD = 0.12). The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 34.2% (92/269) using the ELISA kit cut-off and 50.5% (136/269) using the bootstrapped cut-off, being significantly higher compared to sheep from other regions in Algeria. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep was elevated, constituting, therefore, a major public health concern, as sheep meat could be a significant source of T. gondii infection for human consumers. Further studies are required to estimate the impact of abortion among livestock animals caused by T. gondii infection such as sheep, where it could lead to considerable economic losses.

scholarly journals Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1530) ◽  
pp. 2697-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Meng ◽  
D. S. Lindsay ◽  
N. Sriranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Human Habitation

Wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) are indigenous in many countries in the world. These free-living swine are known reservoirs for a number of viruses, bacteria and parasites that are transmissible to domestic animals and humans. Changes of human habitation to suburban areas, increased use of lands for agricultural purposes, increased hunting activities and consumption of wild boar meat have increased the chances of exposure of wild boars to domestic animals and humans. Wild boars can act as reservoirs for many important infectious diseases in domestic animals, such as classical swine fever, brucellosis and trichinellosis, and in humans, diseases such as hepatitis E, tuberculosis, leptospirosis and trichinellosis. For examples, wild boars are reservoirs for hepatitis E virus, and cluster cases of hepatitis E have been reported in Japan of humans who consumed wild boar meat. In Canada, an outbreak of trichinellosis was linked to the consumption of wild boar meat. The incidence of tuberculosis owing to Mycobacterium bovis has increased in wild boars, thus posing a potential concern for infections in livestock and humans. It has also been documented that six hunters contracted Brucella suis infections from wild swine in Florida. This article discusses the prevalence and risk of infectious agents in wild boars and their potential transmission to livestock and humans.

Selenium concentration in the muscle tissue of wild boars (Sus scrofa) from selected regions in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Michalina Zowczak ◽  
Grażyna Niedziałek ◽  
Ewa Salamończyk ◽  
Roman Miler
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Mean Concentration

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of selenium in the meat of wild boars from three selected regions of Poland. Selenium concentration was analysed in relation to the region (Masuria, Pomerania and Greater Poland) and in relation to the carcass weight and sex of the animals. The average content of selenium in the material was 0.093 μg/g. The highest mean concentration was observed in the meat samples from Greater Poland (0.099 μg/g) and in the muscle tissue of females (0.098 μg/g). The most valuable source of selenium was the meat of animals with carcass weight ranging from 21 to 40 kg (0.101μg/g). A 100 g portion of wild boar meat meets about 20% of the daily requirement for selenium for adults and 30% for children.

Wild boars meat as a potential source of human trichinellosis in Poland: current data

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Moskwa ◽  
Aleksandra Cybulska ◽  
Aleksandra Kornacka ◽  
Władysław Cabaj ◽  
Justyna Bień
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractTrichinellosis is an epidemiological problem with a global distribution. In Poland a substantial increase of the wild boar population has been observed since 2010, together with an increased incidence of trichinellosis after ingestion of raw or undercooked wild boar products containing Trichinella spp. larvae. However, the actual number of human cases remains particularly difficult to determine. The aim of the present study was to determine the current prevalence and spread of these parasites within wild boars. The diaphragm pillars and tongue from 833 wild boars were collected from 2010 to 2014, as well as one wild boar meat sausage known to be a source of infection. The samples were tested for Trichinella spp. using pepsin digestion. Recovered larvae were identified at species level by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR). The overall prevalence in all examined samples was found to be 2.0% (17/833). Recovered larvae were identified as T. spiralis and T. britovi (9/18 and 5/18, respectively). T. spiralis larvae were isolated from the sausage. Mixed infection was confirmed only once. Three isolates were not identified. The results of our study confirm that the wild boar plays a key role in the maintenance of Trichinella nematodes through the sylvatic cycle.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody-positive wild boars in Gifu Prefecture, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taizo Saito ◽  
Yuko Kitamura ◽  
Eiji Tanaka ◽  
Itsuki Ishigami ◽  
Yuji Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Gifu Prefecture

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is a globally wide-spread parasite that infects almost all species of mammals and birds, including humans. We studied the spatial distribution of individual T. gondii-seropositive wild boar in Gifu Prefecture (10,621 km2), Japan. Altogether, 744 wild boars were captured at 663 points around human settlements in Gifu Prefecture. Serum samples were collected after recording the exact capture locations, along with each wild boar’s body length and sex. We then used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for swine to measure anti-T. gondii antibodies in these animals. Among the 744 wild boars, 169 tested positive for T. gondii (22.7%). No significant difference in T. gondii seroprevalence was observed between the mountainous northern region with high winter snow cover and the mild-wintered geographical plain of the southern part of the prefecture. In contrast, 8 of the 11 wild boars that were captured in a public park surrounded by residential areas showed T. gondii seropositivity (72.7%), a value significantly higher than those of the wild boar populations in the other prefecture areas. This in-depth analysis, which spans the big city suburbs and rural areas of a whole prefecture, explains the seroprevalence of zoonotic T. gondii in wild boar and has public health implications.

scholarly journals Serological Detection of Trichinellosis among Suspected wild Boar Meat Consumers in North and Northeast of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faramarz Koohsar ◽  
Saied Reza Naddaf ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Rokni ◽  
Hamed Mirjalali ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Trichinellosis is a foodborne zoonosis disease worldwide. Humans acquire infection by ingesting raw or uncooked animal flesh containing viable Trichinella larvae. The most common reservoirs of this helminth are pigs and wild boars. In northern Iran, hunting and consuming wild boars meat by some communities, including ethnic Armenians, may expose them to trichinellosis. Here, we investigated antiTrichinella IgG antibodies in high-risk individuals in northeastern Iran. Methods: From Mar to Aug 2020, we collected 189 blood samples from individuals with a history of wild boar meat consumption and examined the sera for antiTrichinella IgG antibodies using a commercial ELISA kit (NovaTec Immunodiagnostica GmbH, Germany). Sera from 30 individuals with no history of eating wild boar meat was used to determine the range of actual negative values and possible crossreactivity with other similar antigens. Results: Of the 189 participants, 5 (2.6%) had anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies (OD, 1.176 ±0.154). None of the 30 negative controls became positive (OD, 0.198 ± 0.044). The age, gender, occupation, and education showed no significant association with Trichinella seropositivity rate (P>0.05). All five seropositive cases were among 112 individuals (4.46% seropositivity) that resided in the western part of the study area, stretching from Behshar to Gorgan. Conclusion: Eating wild boar meat might expose individuals to trichinellosis in the north and northeast of Iran. Further studies with more individuals from different parts of the country and confirmation of the ELISA by additional tests like Western blot will give a more in-depth insight into human trichinellosis epidemiology in Iran.  

scholarly journals Technological and nutritional properties of meat from female wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa scrofa</i> L.) of different carcass weights

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kasprzyk ◽  
Joanna Stadnik ◽  
Dariusz Stasiak
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Group V ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wild Boar Meat

Abstract. The aim of this work was to assess the technological and nutritional quality of meat from female wild boars. The muscle samples – Musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and Musculus semimembranosus (SM) – were taken from a total of 40 female wild boar after a hunt. Carcasses were allocated to five groups according to weight (group I – 30±5 kg; group II – 45±4.9 kg; group III – 60±4.7 kg; group IV – 75±5.2 kg; group V – 90±5 kg). Studies that have been carried out have shown that technological and nutritional properties of meat from wild boars depend on the mass of carcasses and the type of muscle. The pH of analyzed wild boar meat proved that there was normal glycolysis and glycogenolysis progress in all groups. The water holding capacity (WHC) of SM muscles from the lowest-weight carcasses was significantly (P≤0.01) lower as compared to the heavier carcasses. There were significant differences (P≤0.01) in the shear force of the LTL muscle between groups I, IV and V. The muscles cut from carcasses of a higher mass represent higher values of this parameter. The higher-mass carcasses were characterized by a darker color, which resulted from the higher concentration of myoglobin. The protein concentration increased with carcass weight. A similar effect of carcass weight on the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was found. Due to the low calorie content, the meat of young wild boar may be an interesting and attractive component of the diet.

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