scholarly journals Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Therapy Increases Childhood Nasal Colonization by Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Producing High Levels of Penicillinase

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 4618-4623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Guillemot ◽  
Stephane Bonacorsi ◽  
John S. Blanchard ◽  
Philippe Weber ◽  
Sylvie Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT We examined factors associated with penicillinase production by nasal carriage Staphylococcus aureus strains in 648 children aged 3 to 6 years attending 20 randomly sampled playschools. The children were prospectively monitored for drug use and medical events for 6 months and were then screened for S. aureus carriage. Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to penicillin G and methicillin, and penicillinase production by methicillin-susceptible, penicillin-resistant strains was quantified. S. aureus was isolated from 166 children (25.6%). Exposure to amoxicillin-clavulanate during the previous 3 months was associated with higher penicillinase production by penicillin-resistant, methicillin-susceptible strains (odds ratio, 3.6; P = 0.03). These results suggest that use of the amoxicillin-clavulanate combination could induce a herd selection process of S. aureus strains producing higher levels of penicillinase.

Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Impact on Response to Adalimumab

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dimitra Stergianou ◽  
Vassiliki Tzanetakou ◽  
Maria Argyropoulou ◽  
Theodora Kanni ◽  
Pantelis G. Bagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Loss Of Response ◽  
Response Score ◽  
Stimulation Of

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Several patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) present flare-ups during treatment with adalimumab (ADA), the cause of which is not clear. ADA is the only FDA-approved biologic for the therapy of moderate-to-severe HS. A previous study of our group has shown that <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> stimulation of whole blood affects the production of human β-defensin 2 and modulates HS severity. It is, therefore, hypothesized, that carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> may drive HS flare-ups. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To explore the association between carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> and loss of response to ADA. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> Among patients with moderate-to-severe HS without carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> at start of treatment with ADA, we investigated for carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> from the nares when flare-ups occurred. Flare-ups were pre-defined as at least 25% increase of inflammatory lesions (sum of inflammatory nodules and abscesses) from baseline. Samplings were also done after completion of 12 weeks of ADA treatment from all patients who did not present flare-ups. Clinical response to ADA was assessed by the HS Clinical Response score (HiSCR). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine patients were studied; 24 with Hurley II stage HS and 15 with Hurley III stage HS. Twenty-nine patients achieved HiSCR after 12 weeks of treatment without any flare-ups; 10 patients had flare-ups and failed HiSCR. Three (10.3%) and 5 (50%) patients, respectively, had nasal carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> (odds ratio 8.67; 95% CI 1.54–48.49; <i>p</i> = 0.014). Among 32 patients reaching follow-up week 48, 20 patients achieved HiSCR and 12 had flare-ups leading to ADA failure; 2 (10%) and 5 (41.7%) patients, respectively, had positive culture for <i>S. aureus</i> (odds ratio 6.42; 95% CI 1.00–41.20; <i>p</i> = 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nasal carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> may be associated with loss of response to ADA. Findings need confirmation in larger series of patients.

scholarly journals Factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among healthy people in Northern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yan ◽  
Y. Song ◽  
X. Yu ◽  
X. Tao ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Factors Associated

Enterotoxigenic and Antibiotic Resistance Determination of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Food Handlers in Gaborone, Botswana

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2764-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL LOETO ◽  
M. I. MATSHEKA ◽  
B. A. GASHE
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Standards

The prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains from different anatomical sites on food handlers in Gaborone, Botswana, were determined. Of a total of 200 food handlers tested, 115 (57.5%) were positive for S. aureus. Of the 204 S. aureus isolates, 63 (30.9%), 91 (44.6%), and 50 (24.5%) were isolated from the hand, nasal cavity, and face, respectively, and 43 (21%) of the isolates were enterotoxigenic. The most prevalent enterotoxin was type A, which accounted for 34.9% of all the enterotoxigenic strains, and enterotoxin D was produced by the fewest number of strains (9.3%). Resistance to methicillin was encountered in 33 (22.4%) of the penicillin G–resistant isolates, and 9 (27.3%) of these methicillin-resistant isolates also were resistant to vancomycin. Nineteen antibiotic resistance profiles were determined, and the nasal cavity had the highest diversity of resistance profiles. The nasal cavity also had the highest number of resistant strains, 77 (53%), whereas the hand and face had 49 (32%) and 24 (16.0%) resistant strains, respectively. To reduce the Staphylococcus carriage rate among food handlers, training coupled with a commitment to high standards of personal and environmental hygiene is recommended.

scholarly journals Mercury resistance of Staphylococcus aureus

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Mercury Salts ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Endemic Strain ◽  
Made In

SummaryReasons for the accumulation of mercury-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in hospital have been studied. A collection of paired strains, that is staphylococci similar in every respect except sensitivity to mercury salts, was made. Tests were made in an attempt to demonstrate a link between mercury resistance and some other factor which might aid survival, viz. resistance to drying and heat, production of bound coagulase, growth in the presence of sublethal amounts of tetracycline, survival in human blood at 37°C. and uptake by polymorphs at 30°0. and 37°C., development of resistance to antibiotics and competition in mixed cultures. It was not possible to demonstrate any consistent link between mercury resistance and any of these properties. Paper strips impregnated with the mercurial diuretic, Mersalyl, were shown to differentiate between mercury-resistant and -sensitive strains in vitro. Furthermore, development of resistance to mercury by passage in mercuric chloride-broth was demonstrated.It is proposed that mercury resistance has developed as a result of exposure to the mercury ion. Mercurial diuretics have been frequently used in medical and geriatric patients and it is among these that the higher carrier rates of mercury-resistant strains are found even when the local endemic strain is disregarded. In obstetric patients, where mercurials are seldom used, mercury-resistant strains are rare.Nasal carriage of factory workers exposed to mercury products showed that this group is likely to carry resistant or partially resistant strains.

scholarly journals 393. Changing Trends, Risk Factors, and Treatment Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S202-S202
Author(s):  
Valerie Gobao ◽  
Mostafa Alfishawy ◽  
Neel Shah ◽  
Karin Byers ◽  
Mohamed Yassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is a common organism in native septic arthritis. It is traditionally believed to be self-limited with rapid and aggressive debridement and appropriate antibiotic selection. The incidence of S. aureus septic arthritis is increasing, and further characterization is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment. For patients presenting with native S. aureus septic arthritis, we evaluated the reliability of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) screening as a predictor to rule out MRSA septic arthritis, the risk factors associated with this disease, and the treatment and surgical outcomes. Methods A retrospective case–control study of patients diagnosed with septic arthritis in the UPMC health system (Pittsburgh, PA) between 2012 and 2016 was completed. The primary outcomes of interest were surgical intervention and the need to alter antibiotic treatment. Patient demographics, characteristics, and outcomes were recorded. Results A total of 215 cases of septic arthritis were identified, and 64% (n = 138) had S. aureus cultured. In this set, 36% (50/138) of these patients were identified with MRSA. Of the patients diagnosed with MRSA septic arthritis, 50% screened prior to admission had a positive result (8/16) and 48% screened during admission had a positive result (14/29). Compared with septic arthritis with other organisms, risk factors associated with S. aureus included history of intravenous drug use (OR: 4.3, CI: 1.7 to 10.8, P = 0.002) and being immunocompetent (OR: 0.3, CI: 0.1 to 0.6, P = 0.002). These infections were associated with concurrent infections of the spine (OR: 5.7, CI: 2.1 to 15.1, P = 0.0005). As compared with other organisms, there was a high probability of switching antibiotics during treatment (OR: 3.7, CI: 1.1 to 13.0, P = 0.04) and relapse of infection (OR: 4.2, CI: 1.2 to 14.6, P = 0.02). Conclusion S. aureus septic arthritis is associated with intravenous drug use, and not with immunosuppression. A negative MRSA screen does not rule out this organism. Concurrent spine infections are common. There is a high likelihood of infection relapse and that antibiotics will need to be altered during treatment. With the opioid epidemic, the incidence is likely to increase further. More work is needed to improve diagnosis and overcome treatment challenges. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects of Impetigo Contagiosa

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
George I. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Impetigo Contagiosa ◽  
Resistant Strains

Summary1. The results of an investigation into the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological features of impetigo contagiosa, with special reference to the type identification of staphylococci and streptococci, are reported and discussed.2. Of 106 impetigo cases studied, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated alone from 86 lesions (81 %), Streptococcus pyogenes alone from 6 (5·6 %), and a mixed growth of Staph. aureus and haemolytic streptococci in 14 instances (13·2 %).3. Of the 100 strains of Staph. aureus isolated from impetigo lesions, 63 were identical in phage type (‘type 71’), and a further 17 were closely related (‘weak 71’).4. Only one representative of ‘type 71’, and 9 of ‘weak 71’, were obtained from 164 strains of Staph. aureus from 200 persons in three control groups.5. Of 90 strains of Staph. aureus from impetigo lesions, 64 (71 %) were resistant to penicillin. Of these penicillin-resistant strains, 54 (84 %) were of ‘type 71’, or close variants.6. Strep, pyogenes was probably causative in at least 6 of the 18 patients yielding this organism from lesions; it was presumed to be a secondary invader in the remainder.7. It is doubtful if nasal carriage is of importance in the epidemiology of impetigo.8. It is concluded that there is a specific ‘type’ of staphylococcus associated with this form of impetigo.

scholarly journals Bacterial and Host Factors Implicated in Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1847-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno González-Zorn ◽  
Jose P. M. Senna ◽  
Laurence Fiette ◽  
Spencer Shorte ◽  
Aurélie Testard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Nasal carriage is a major risk factor for Staphylococcus aureus infection, especially for methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). Using a mouse model of nasal carriage, we have compared several S. aureus strains and demonstrated increased colonization levels by MRSA in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-deficient mice and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficient mice but not TLR4-deficient mice.

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