scholarly journals The behaviour of rats and mice feeding on whole grains

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
The Body ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

The way in which rats and mice eat whole grains of wheat, barley, oats and maize has been studied.Rats (Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) hold grains with the long axis parallel to that of the body and eat the germ end of the grain in preference to the rest.Mice (Mus musculus) hold grains with the long axis at right angles to that of the body and attack first the cheeks of all grains except maize, of which only the germ and scutellum are eaten.It is suggested that texture is in the main responsible for the selection of a particular part of a grain.

scholarly journals Die Areopagusrede (Hand. 17:22-31) – ’n verkenning van homiletiese elemente

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J.H. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

The Areopagus speech (Acts 17:22-31) – an exploration of homiletical elements In this article certain guidelines are developed from a selection of definitions for preaching and also from relevant data about the process of compiling and evaluating sermons. The aim in developing these guidelines was to establish parameters for the exploration of the Areopagus speech. It was established that the way in which listeners is addressed, and also the link-up with the situation of the listeners to the speech, can be considered as important homiletical elements. Together with these elements the structure of the speech as well as the transitions in the speech can be regarded as major homiletical elements in the body of the sermon. The trinitarian revelation of God in this speech and also the balance between indicative, imperative and promise mark this speech as a sermon. The elements of cohesion and progression are perceptibly present in this speech with the result that the introduction (God creates and grants life) links up well with the climax (eternal life through the resurrection of Christ).

An experimental study of Entamoeba muris (Grassi, 1879); its morphology, affinities and host-parasite relationship

Parasitology ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 343-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A Neal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Life History ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Rats And Mice

1. A description of the morphology and life history (excluding metacystic development) of Entamoeba muris is given.2. The descriptions of species of amoebae found in rats (Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) and mice (Mus musculus) by previous authors are critically discussed, and it is concluded that one species, Entamoeba muris, is present.3 Experiments on cross-infection of rats and mice with E. muris are described, together with observations on the course of these infections.4. The transference of an amoeba morphologically similar to E. muris from Cricetus auratus to rats and mice is described.5. An account is given of unsuccessful attempts to establish an infection of Entamoeba coli in rats and mice.6. Observations on the incidence and hostrestriction of E. muris are discussed.7. The affinities of E. coli and E. muris are discussed and it is concluded that, although E. muris resembles E. coli morphologically, it differs from E. coli on physiological grounds.

scholarly journals Laboratory tests of 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane as a rodenticide

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Greaves ◽  
R. Redfern ◽  
H. Tinworth
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARYThe properties of 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane as a rodenticide against Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus were investigated in the laboratory. The high oral toxicity of the compound was confirmed. When the compound was given to laboratory rats and mice by stomach tube at lethal dosages, signs of poisoning were observed within a minute. When caged wild rats and mice were given a choice between plain and poisoned baits the optimum rodenticidal concentration in the bait was about 0.5% for both species, producing 50% mortality in wild rats and 95% mortality in wild mice. The results are discussed in relation to safety in use and the probable effectiveness of the compound as a rodenticide in field conditions.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of bromadiolone as a rodenticide for use against warfarin-resistant and non-resistant rats and mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Redfern ◽  
J. E. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Anticoagulant Rodenticide ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARYLaboratory feeding tests were carried out to determine the efficacy of the anticoagulant rodenticide bromadiolone against Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus and Mus musculus. Using 0·005% bromadiolone, complete kills of R. norvegicus and R. rattus not resistant to warfarin were obtained after exposure to the poison for 1 and 5 days respectively. Warfarin-resistant R. norvegicus were all killed in 4 days, and resistant M. musculus in 12 days. In general, the results resembled those obtained with difenacoum. Acceptance of bromadiolone was very good.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of WBA 8119 as a rodenticide for use against warfarin-resistant and non-resistant rats and mice

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Redfern ◽  
J. E. Gill ◽  
M. R. Hadler
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Commensal Species ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARYFeeding tests were carried out in the laboratory to evaluate WBA 8119 as a potential new rodenticide against wild common rats (Rattus norvegicus), ship rats (R. rattus) and house mice (Mus musculus). The results obtained are compared with data previously obtained for difenacoum, another member of the same series of 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulants.With warfarin-resistant and non-resistant common rats, complete kills were obtained using a concentration of 0·0005% for 2 days, or 0·001 % for 1 day: a 1-day test at 0·0005% killed 6 out of 10 and 17 out of 20 of the two types respectively. At 0·005% complete kills of resistant ship rats were obtained after 2 days exposure and of resistant house mice after 1 day, but at 0·002% for 2 days there was some survival. Non-resistant ship rats and house mice were all killed after 2 days feeding on 0·002% bait.In 2-day palatability tests, R. norvegicus showed no significant aversion to the poison at 0·002% and 100% mortality was obtained. The poison was significantly unpalatable to R. rattus at 0·005% and to M. musculus at 0·005% and 0·002 %, although with the last species these concentrations gave complete kills.It is concluded that WBA 8119 has greater activity than other known anticoagulants against the three commensal species examined. The laboratory results suggest that concentrations between 0·0005% and 0·002% would be suitable for field use against common rats, and between 0·002% and 0·005% for ship rats and house mice.

scholarly journals Audience as Community: Corporeal Knowledge and Empathetic Viewing

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Wood
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Kinesthetic Empathy ◽  
The Media ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

<p>This essay focuses on community in the form of audiences, and in particular, screendance audiences. A specific focus is given to a collection of screendance experiences from viewing a selection of contemporary dance films. The term screendance is used in this research as suggested by Douglas Rosenberg as "stories told by the body" and "not told by the body." What follows, for this essay, are theories borrowed from the discipline of audience and reception research detailing what we may perceive audiences to be and how the idea of 'audience' as a community may influence the way filmmakers approach the very audiences they hope to reach. Kinesthetic empathy will be used as a framework to understand the pleasures and displeasures that are experienced by the viewer from an embodied perspective. While considering kinesthetic empathy with audience and reception research, the main focus for this essay is nuancing the idea of audiences as a community that is enriched with corporeal knowledge. This knowledge reveals itself as empathetic and sympathetic viewing of the media.</p>

scholarly journals Some properties of calciferol as a rodenticide

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Greaves ◽  
R. Redfern ◽  
R. E. King
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Rats And Mice

SummaryThe potentiality of calciferol (alone and combined with warfarin) for the control of commensal rats and mice has been examined in the laboratory. Nearly all animals fed on 0·1% calciferol for 2 days died. Though illness usually reduced food intake after the first 24 hr. there was no sign of aversion to the poison at 0·1 % – which is considered to be the lowest concentration suitable for use against Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus and Mus musculus in the field. There was some indication that resistance to warfarin in R. norvegicus may be correlated with susceptibility to calciferol. Toxicity tests with calciferol combined with warfarin indicated an additive effect between the compounds. No evidence for synergism was found however, although elsewhere there is some evidence for this.

scholarly journals APLIKASI FUMIGAN GAS FOSFIN (HIDROGEN FOSFIDA (PH3)) UNTUK PENGENDALIAN TIKUS (RODENT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faisal ◽  
Martini Martini ◽  
Retno Hestiningsih ◽  
M Arie Wuryanto
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The Body ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Determine Effect

Rats are widely distributed disease spreaders and settlement pests. Species of rats often found include Rattus norvegicus, R. tanezumi and Mus musculus. Phosphine as a fumigant is commonly used to control pests with no residue, especially related  where there are placed the commercial products . The research objective was to determine effect of phosphine gas fumigant (hydrogen phosphide (PH3)) on rat death. The study sample was species of rats, i.e. M.musculus, R.tanezumi, and R.norvegicus. This study was used 4 dose variations (0, 4, 6 and 8 tablets) with 6 replications per unit treatment.  Each treatment (dosis)  needed 1 rat . The results of different test analyzed that significance value was 0.0001 (p=0.0001), indicating that there were differences in average time span of M. musculus, R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus death to treat of phosphine dose variations. Based on Probit analysis, the data showed that The fastest LT50 and LT99 were at a dose of 8 tablets for 90.5 and 114.9 minutes,  and  LT50 and LT99 were at the lowest dose of 4 tablets in 148.1 and 188.1 minutes, respectively.  The higher dosage of phosphine was treated, the higher gas concentration was produced, so that it could kill M. musculus, R. tanezumi dan R. norvegicus quickly.  The mortality might be generated by cell damages that occurred inside the body of rats.        

Emotions in tweets: From instantaneity to preconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgeta Cislaru
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Emotional Lexicon ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

This article deals with the expression of emotions in tweets. The aim is to observe the way users formulate their feelings in a technologically constrained yet expressively free communicative environment, in a context of written instantaneity which leaves place for the selection of context-adapted linguistic formulae. Comparison between emotional expressions involved in hashtags and the emotional lexicon used in the body of the messages shows some topical discrepancies and, more particularly, different degrees of denotational power. It also reveals a constructivist dimension of emotional expressions.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽  
Sjaeful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development  (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can  think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then  trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039  

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