scholarly journals The egg yolk reaction ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from burns

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. L. Lowbury ◽  
B. J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Staph. aureusfrom burns of in-patients were tested for egg yolk reaction during three periods; in 1958 and in 1960 approximately 80 % of the strains gave a negative reaction (EY-), but in 1962 only 36 % of the strains were egg yolk negative.Staphylococci of phage group III were more commonly EY- than those of other groups isolated from burns. Within each of groups I and III, however, there were patterns predominantly EY- and others predominantly egg yolk positive (EY+); in group I the majority of strains isolated in 1960 were of phage type 52 and EY-, while those isolated in 1962 were predominantly of phage type 80 or related patterns which were always EY+.Most of the staphylococci in burns were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin; within groups I and III, the staphylococci which were EY- were also more commonly resistant than EY+ strains to these three antibiotics.Most of the staphylococci from burns were mercuric chloride resistant (presumptive epidemic strains); of the mercuric chloride sensitive staphylococci, the proportion of EY+ strains was greater than that of EY- strains.

PHAGE GROUPS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ASSOCIATED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Fred E. Pittman ◽  
Calderon Howe ◽  
Louise Goode ◽  
Paul A. di Sant'Agnese
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii

In this study, 198 strains of hemolytic, coagulase-positive Staph. aureus were recovered from 84 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and some of their relatives. The majority of the organisms fell into phage group III and were resistant in vitro to penicillin and other antibiotics. No single phage type seemed to be unduly prevalent in this group of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal disease and nasal carriage in the Royal Air Force

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Miller ◽  
J. C. McDonald ◽  
M. P. Jevons ◽  
R. E. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Director General ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group I ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
New Recruits

1. The nasal carriage of Staph. aureus and its relation to disease was studied in new recruits, boy apprentices and trained men of the Royal Air Force.2. The proportions of Staph. aureus that were penicillin-resistant ranged from 15% in new recruits to 29% in trained men. In a school for apprentices the rate in new arrivals was 18%, and 23% for boys after the initial training. We were unable to find when these changes occurred.3. 31% of strains isolated from septic lesions were penicillin-resistant and the rate was similar in all types of unit. Resistant strains were not apparently more virulent than sensitive strains.4. About 1% of all strains isolated were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin and much smaller proportions to chloramphenicol and erythromycin.5. The phage-group distribution was similar for nasal and lesion strains, but nearly half the penicillin-resistant lesion strains belonged to Group I, and types 52A and 3C/55/71 were much commoner in lesions than in the nose.6. Penicillin-resistant strains were more readily acquired and more rapidly lost than the sensitive strains.7. Nasal carriers suffered from septic lesions more frequently than non-carriers, and those with a lesion tended to suffer further lesions. There was no evidence of cross-infection among bedroom contacts.8. The proportion of penicillin-resistant strains rose from 30 to 40% between admission to and discharge from service hospitals. Resistant strains were not carried for long after discharge.9. Penicillin treatment resulted in a fall in the total carrier rate and a rise in the resistance rate. Phage type analysis showed that this was mainly due to elimination of sensitive strains and recolonization with resistant strains.We are greatly indebted to Miss Susan Green for the large amount of work that she did in the laboratory. We should like to thank also many Royal Air Force medical officers for their assistance, in particular Wing Commander E. S. Odbert, Wing Commander M. White, Squadron Leader M. Shearer and Flight Lieutenant A. J. Zuckerman; and the Director-General of the Royal Air Force Medical Services for permission to publish the results.

scholarly journals Some cultural characteristics ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains from superficial skin infections

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Natural Characteristic

1. A collection of 1389 strains ofStaphylococcus aureusof human origin was examined by the following tests: phage typing, antibiotic resistance, ability to inhibit the growth ofCorynebacterium diphtheriae, the egg-yolk reaction and the serum opacity reaction.2. Nearly all strains ofStaph. aureusType 71 were penicillin resistant, inhibitedC. diphtheriae, gave a negative egg-yolk reaction, and produced a zone of opacity on horse-serum agar.3. The penicillin resistance of Type 71 strains is unlikely to have arisen as a result of the therapeutic use of penicillin, and is probably a natural characteristic of the type.4.Staph. aureusstrains which gave a negative egg-yolk reaction and a positive serum opacity reaction occurred almost exclusively in superficial lesions. The majority of them were members of Type 71, or were penicillin-resistant members of phage-group III. It is suggested that these organisms can cause superficial inflammation, but are usually unable to invade deeper tissues.I wish to thank Dr A. J. H. Tomlinson for valuable information about his unpublished work on impetigo. Thanks are also due to many colleagues who have provided cultures and clinical information, to Dr R. E. O. Williams for typing phages, and to Mr L. E. Simmons for technical assistance.

scholarly journals Enterotoxins and toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 in non-enteric staphylococcal disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Marples ◽  
A. A. Wieneke
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Group V ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

SUMMARYOver the 7 years 1985–91, 997 strains of Staphylococcus aureus from 962 patients with diseases other than food poisoning have been tested for the production of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and phage typed. In all, 128 cases could be classified as confirmed or probable toxic shock syndrome (TSS) but a further 199 cases were classified as possible or unconfirmed TSS. In 219 cases, an alternative diagnosis could be supported and 45 cases were classified as sudden infant death syndrome. In 371 cases, insufficient information for classification was available.Strains of phage group I producing TSST-1 were associated with menstrual TSS. Many menstrual TSS cases were aged less than 20 and were using non-introducer tampons.When all strains were reviewed, strong associations were observed between TSST-1 production and phage group I strains, enterotoxin B production and group V strains, enterotoxin C and phage-type 95 strains and between enterotoxin A without TSST-1 and phage group III strains.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus prevalence among hospitalized patients

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Žaneta Pavilonytė ◽  
Renata Kaukėnienė ◽  
Aleksandras Antuševas ◽  
Alvydas Pavilonis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among hospitalized patients at the beginning of their hospitalization and during their treatment and the resistance of strains to antibiotics, and to evaluate epidemiologic characteristics of these strains. Patients and methods. Sixty-one patients treated at the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery were examined. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus strains was performed using plasmacoagulase and DNase tests. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics, b-lactamase production, phagotypes, and phagogroups were determined. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for resistance to methicillin by performing disc diffusion method using commercial discs (Oxoid) (methicillin 5 mg per disk and oxacillin 1 mg per disk). Results. A total of 297 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated. On the first day of hospitalization, the prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus strains among patients was 67.3%, and it statistically significantly increased to 91.8% on days 7–10 of hospitalization (P<0.05). During hospitalization, patients were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to cephalothin (17.6% of patients, P<0.05), cefazolin (14.6%, P<0.05), tetracycline (15.0%, P<0.05), gentamicin (37.7%, P<0.001), doxycycline (30.7%, P<0.001), and tobramycin (10.6%, P>0.05). Three patients (4.9%) were colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, belonging to phage group II phage type 3A and phage group III phage types 83A and 77; 22.6– 25.5% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were nontypable. During hospitalization, the prevalence rate of phage group II Staphylococcus aureus strains decreased from 39.6% to 5.7% (P<0.05) and the prevalence rate of phage group III Staphylococcus aureus strains increased to 29.5% (P<0.001). Conclusions. Although our understanding of Staphylococcus aureus is increasing, well-designed communitybased studies with adequate risk factor analysis are required to elucidate further the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus provides relevant information on the extent of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic, identifies priorities for infection control and the need for adjustments in antimicrobial drug policy, and guides intervention programs.

scholarly journals Studies on transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in an isolation ward for burned patients

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hambraeus
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Burned Patient ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
One Year ◽  
Isolation Ward ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYA one-year epidemiological investigation was made in an isolation ward for burned patients. The transmission of Staphylococcus aureus was mainly studied. In spite of the design of the ward the cross-infection rate was high. In all, 49 of 69 patients were infected 114 times. Twenty-six of the strains causing infection were found in a patient only, 10 in a member of the staff only and 23 in both patients and staff the week before they caused a new infection. There were three epidemic outbreaks caused by three strains of Staph. aureus all belonging to phage group III; one was resistant to methicillin. Environmental studies with settle plates showed that the number of staphylococci dispersed by a burned patient was often very high. In 8% of the observations in occupied bedrooms the air count of Staph. aureus was more than 1800 col./m.2 hr. However, the counts of Staph. aureus in the corridor and service areas were low. This seems to indicate a rather good protection against airborne transfer of bacteria. Other routes of infection were probably of greater importance.

scholarly journals Determination of the optimal concentration of Minitube Equex paste for boar semen cryopreservation based on sperm motility characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junpen Suwimonteerabutr ◽  
Morakot Nuntapaitoon ◽  
Padet Tummaruk
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Group Ii

Equex paste is a non-permeating cryoprotective agent (CPA) that improved post-thaw survival of spermatozoa during boar semen cryopreservation. However, Equex paste produced by Nova Chemical Sales Inc. (MA, USA) is not currently available. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal concentration of Minitube Equex paste (Minitube, Tiefenbach, Germany) for boar semen cryopreservation in comparison with Nova Equex STM paste (control). Fifteen ejaculates from 12 mature boars were collected by the glove-hand method. Each ejaculate was aliquoted and cryopreserved in base freezing extender III as Tris-citrate egg yolk (TEY) extender plus 9.0% glycerol classified into four groups. Group I was the control and included only 1.5% Nova Equex STM paste. Groups II, III and IV were the experiment groups, and contained different concentrations of Minitube Equex paste (Group II: 1.5%; Group III: 1.7%; and Group IV: 1.9%) added to the freezing extender III. After freezing and thawing, sperm motility characteristics were evaluated by Sperm Class Analyzer® incubated at 37 °C for 0 (10 min), 1 and 2 h post-thawing. In Group IV after thawing at 0 h, rapid velocity and the velocity curved line were significantly higher than in Groups II and III (P &lt; 0.05) but did not differ from Group I. Moreover, after thawing at 1 h, LIN (linearity) in Group IV was higher than in Group II (P &lt; 0.05), but did not differ from the other groups. In conclusion, the most suitable concentration of Minitube Equex paste in the current protocol was 1.9% supplemented with 9.0% glycerol in TEY-based freezing extender III, based on the conformity between data from manual guides and the observed sperm motility characteristics results.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureusstrains associated with the hedgehog,Erinaceus europaeus

1965 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

1. Strains ofStaphylococcus aureuswere obtained from the nostrils of twenty-three of fifty-eight hedgehogs; the skin of thirty-eight of fifty-six hedgehogs; the paws of thirty-six of fifty-seven hedgehogs and the anus of six of eleven hedgehogs.2. Of 118 strains, 106 (90%) were typable with human staphylophages. Seventeen were phage group I, three phage group II, twenty-five phage group III, sixty-one were typable but unclassifiable into groups, and twelve were untypable.3. Male hedgehogs were more heavily infected than females, while all ages of hedgehogs appeared equally susceptible to infection.4. Of the 124 coagulase positive strains obtained, 107 (86·3%) were resistant to penicillin. Resistance to other antibiotics—chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, celbenin—was not encountered.5. Thirty-three (83%) of forty strains produced β-lysin.6. Mites (Caparinia tripilis) and fungi (Trichophyton mentagrophytesvar.erinacei) did not appear to directly influence the carriage ofStaphylococcus aureuson the hedgehog skin.

scholarly journals Hospital infections in Spain. I.Staphylococcus aureus(1978–91)

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vindel ◽  
P. Trincado ◽  
MM. Martin De Nicolas ◽  
E. Gomez ◽  
C. Martin Bourgon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sporadic Cases

SUMMARYThis study was undertaken to determine the distribution of phage types ofStaphylococcus aureusisolates from hospital outbreaks or sporadic cases received in our laboratory during the past 14 years. The records for 15803 isolates from 55 Spanish hospitals have been analysed.In relation to sporadic isolates we have been able to detect the predominance of phage group I and non-typable staphylococcal strains. Since 1989, we have observed a considerable increase in hospital infection caused by methicillin-resistantS. aureusstrains which we could differentiate in to two groups; one belonging to phage group III (6/47/54/75/77/84/85) and other groups of non-typable strains which could be classified as phage group I-III after heat treatment (29/77/84) and with similar patterns by reverse typing (6/47/53/54/75/83A/84/85/W57/1030/18042).During 1990 and 1991, these strains have extended widely to at least six different autonomous regions creating an epidemic situation in Spain.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Oral Cavity: Phage Susceptibility in Relation to Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Garbacz ◽  
Ewa Kwapisz ◽  
Lidia Piechowicz ◽  
Maria Wierzbowska
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Group V ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Potential Use

Nowadays, research on bacteriophage therapy and its potential use in combination with antibiotics has been gaining momentum. One hundred and ten oral Staphylococcus aureus isolates were phage-typed and their antibiotic resistance was determined by standard and molecular methods. The prevalence of MSSA and MRSA strains was 89.1% and 10.9%, respectively. Nearly all (91.8%) analyzed isolates, whether MSSA or MRSA, were susceptible to the phages used from the international set. The highest lytic activity showed phages 79 and 52 A from lytic group I. The predominant phage groups were mixed, the I+III group and a mixed group containing phages from at least three various lytic groups. S. aureus strains sensitive to phage group I were usually resistant to penicillin and susceptible to ciprofloxacin, whereas the strains typeable with group V or group V with the 95 phage were susceptible to most antibiotics. Epidemic CA-MRSA strains (SCCmecIV) of phage type 80/81 carried Panton–Valentine leucocidin genes. Considering the high sensitivity of oral S. aureus to the analyzed phages and the promising results of phage therapies reported by other authors, phage cocktails or phage-antibiotic combinations may potentially find applications in both the prevention and eradication of staphylococcal infections.

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