scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in domestic and wild mammals in an area of Dorset. I. Tuberculosis in cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wilesmith ◽  
T. W. A. Little ◽  
H. V. Thompson ◽  
C. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Two Peaks

SUMMARYA major outbreak of tuberculosis occurred in cattle on a farm in Dorset between 1970 and 1976. Six hundred and twenty-six cattle were slaughtered either because they reacted to the tuberculin test or had been exposed to infection. No source of infection was found until 1974 when badgers infected with Mycobacterium bovis were first discovered.An analysis of the tuberculin test records of this herd and the six surrounding herds indicated that tuberculosis had been a sporadic problem since the early 1960's. Two peaks of infection occurred in the most severely affected herd in 1970 and 1974 when 29·8% and 27·3% of animals, respectively, reacted to the tuberculin test. These figures are exceptionally high. During the last 20 years there have been two periods when all the herds in the area had synchronous outbreaks consistent with a common source.Analysis indicated that cattle were at greatest risk in April and May and suggest that there was re-exposure to infection at this time each year. In addition the cattle were apparently exposed to M. bovis, at sufficiently high levels for transmission to occur, for only a relatively short period of time.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in domestic and wild mammals in an area of Dorset. II. The badger population, its ecology and tuberculosis status

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. A. Little ◽  
C. Swan ◽  
H. V. Thompson ◽  
J. W. Wilesmith
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Major Outbreak

SUMMARYFollowing a major outbreak of tuberculosis in cattle on a farm in Dorset, badgers were discovered to be infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Two hundred and forty sets were found in the 1200 hectares of the study area. The sets were found predominantly in areas of Portland Sand. A high prevalence of tuberculosis was found in the badger population which was removed and repopulation prevented for 3 years. The removal of the infected badgers led to the resolution of the problem in cattle. Re-colonization of the area has progressed slowly and the cattle have remained free from infection for a period of 5 years.

scholarly journals Molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolated in the first outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in the Azores Islands: a case report

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Matos ◽  
A. Amado ◽  
A. Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Azores Islands ◽  
Low Diversity

Twenty <I>Mycobacterium bovis</I> isolates from a first reported outbreak in the Azores Islands were differentiated into four spoligotypes: SB0119 (45%), SB0121 (40%), SB1264 (10%) and SB1090 (5%) and into two MIRU-VNTR allelic profiles using eight selected <I>loci</I>. The isolates seem to constitute a clonal lineage from a common source of infection. The limited diversity among the analysed Azores strains isolates could be due to the close contact of animals and use of common pastures and all herds can be seen as one epidemiological unit. The population structure of these strains with its low diversity differs from the Portugese mainland indicating a recent infection with accompanying evident founder effect.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I B Cadmus ◽  
N. N Atsanda ◽  
S. O Oni ◽  
E. E U Akang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Male Animal

Bovine tuberculosis was investigated in one private herd with 171 cattle after five cases were suspected to be tuberculous following post mortem examination. Using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test 18 (10.5%) animals (ages from 2 to 12 years) were positive: 11 animals of N&rsquo;dama breed and seven animals of White&nbsp;Fulani (i.e. Bunaji) breed; 17 female and one male animal. In all 11 randomly selected positive reactors, a spectrum of tuberculous lesions affecting the lungs, spleen, heart, liver, and the lymph nodes were observed. All the smear samples obtained were positive for acid-fast bacilli; cultural isolation confirmed the growth of mycobacteria on pyruvate-enriched Loewenstein-Jensen medium, which were identified by molecular typing to be Mycobacterium bovis. This study demonstrates widespread infection in this cattle herd and potential risk of infection for the human population with M. bovis.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock using gamma interferon assay and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test in Assam and Meghalaya

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acheenta G. Barua ◽  
Himangshu Raj ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Chandana C. Barua ◽  
Arundhati Purkayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Pcr Targeting

The present study was carried out to investigate the diagnostic potential of gamma interferon (IFN-ã) assay and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT), including species specification of bovine tuberculosis infection in different livestock farms of Assam and Meghalaya. A total of 199 animals (cattle and buffalo) were examined for bovine tuberculosis symptoms and swab samples were cultured. Biochemical tests and PCR were used for species specification of bovine tuberculosis. Out of 199 cases examined, 33 (16.58%) showed positive for SICTT, 39 (19.59%) for IFN-ã and 35(17.59%) for PCR. Based on PCR targeting pncA region, the confirmation was done for M. Bovis. IFN-ã thus ensures a sensitive and specific detection of early bovine tuberculosis infection together with SICTT and hence may be considered as a screening method of choice.

scholarly journals Genetic profiles of Mycobacterium bovis from a cattle herd in southernmost Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3719
Author(s):  
Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho ◽  
Ana Luiza Alves Rosa Osório ◽  
Klaudia Dos Santos Gonçalves Jorge ◽  
Flábio Ribeiro Araújo ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Soto Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
As Species ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Bovine Tissue ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Different Sources

Mycobacterium bovis is the agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease endemic to all Brazilian states. Molecular typing techniques help to stratify and refine data, providing information that facilitates epidemiological research. In this study, MIRU-VNTR, targeting 24 loci, was employed to identify and characterize the genetic groups of M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis. Eighteen acid-fast bacilli isolates, obtained from bovine tissue samples, and reactive to the comparative cervical tuberculin test, were identified as species of the M. tuberculosis complex, and were genotyped by MIRU-VNTR with 24 primer pairs. Genotyping revealed three genetic profiles comprising one with 15 isolates (83.3%), one with two isolates (11.1%), and one profile with one unique isolate (5.6%). This distinction was achieved with the MIRU 31 primer, which resulted in clustering of two isolates into the same profile, and ETR A, B, and C, which discriminated the isolate with a unique profile. The occurrence of clustered isolates is indicative of recent transmission, whereas isolates with a unique profile suggest reactivation of latent infection. The presence of different M. bovis genotypes in the same herd suggests movement of infected animals or different sources of intra-herd infection. Use of the MIRU-VNTR molecular epidemiology technique in M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in Rio Grande do Sul state demonstrated the genetic diversity of circulating strains, despite the presence of a predominant group.

scholarly journals Aspects of the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in badgers and cattle. II. The development and use of a typing system for Mycobacterium bovis

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Typing System ◽  
Specific Variation

SUMMARYA relatively simple method for the detection of intra-specific variation of Mycobacterium bovis is described, based on the ability of strains to utilize or remove amino acids from solution. Using the method, 31 strains of M. bovis, isolated from badgers and cattle, have been divided into four major groups with some additional sub-groups and intermediate strains. Preliminary results suggest that the biotypes observed are relatively stable. The method was used in the investigation of an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in Gloucestershire where badgers were implicated as a source of infection. The results suggested that transmission of infection had occurred on at least two or three separate occasions. It is suggested that the method could be used in studying the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in wild animals, cattle and man.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in domestic and wild mammals in an area of Dorset. III. The prevalence of tuberculosis in mammals other than badgers and cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. A. Little ◽  
C. Swan ◽  
H. V. Thompson ◽  
J. W. Wilesmith
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Wild Mammal ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Large Sample

SUMMARYA large sample of the wild mammals found on a farm in South Dorset were trapped and examined for the presence ofMycobacterium bovisfollowing the discovery of widespread infection in cattle and badgers.M. boviswas isolated from the lymph nodes of two out of 90 rats (Rattus norvegicus) and one out of seven foxes (Vulpes vulpes) but no lesions of tuberculosis were observed. It was concluded that the badger was the only species of wild mammal which was a reservoir ofM. bovisin this area.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in East Sussex: IV. A systematic examination of wild mammals other than badgers for tuberculosis

1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wilesmith ◽  
P. E. Sayers ◽  
T. W. A. Little ◽  
J. I. Brewer ◽  
R. Bode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Contact Rate ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Cattle Herds

SUMMARYA detailed investigation of the possible role of wild mammals, other than badgers, in the maintenance of Mycobacterium bovis in an area on the South Downs of East Sussex was carried out over 3 years. Estimates of population sizes were made where possible and minimum sample sizes were selected to be 95 % certain of including at least one infected animal if the prevalence was at least 5 %. Samples of wild mammals were taken from populations which had the highest potential direct or indirect contact rate with known infected badgers. M. bovis was not isolated from any of the 15 species of wild mammals.It was concluded that badgers are able to maintain M. bovis in an area independently of other species, and that in the area studied other species were not a source of infection for the cattle herds.

scholarly journals Bovine Tuberculosis in the Republic of Macedonia: Postmortem, Microbiological and Molecular Study in Slaughtered Reactor Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskra Cvetkovikj ◽  
Slavcho Mrenoshki ◽  
Kiril Krstevski ◽  
Igor Djadjovski ◽  
Branko Angjelovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Mycobacterium Caprae ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease in cattle caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis and to a lesser extent by Mycobacterium caprae. The other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) can also cause the disease in domestic and wild animals and all of them have a zoonotic potential. The main purpose of the study was to determine the presence and distribution of the tuberculous lesions in reactor cattle, and to isolate and identify the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Macedonia. Lymph nodes and affected organs from 188 reactor cattle slaughtered due to a positive intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test were analyzed by detection of tuberculous lesions, followed by isolation and molecular identification of the isolated mycobacteria. The isolation was performed on selective media - Lowenstein Jensen with glycerol, Lowenstein Jensen without glycerol and Stonebrink medium supplemented with pyruvate. The molecular identification of the MTBC members was performed by analysis of the Regions of difference (RD1, RD9 and RD4) and detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the lepA gene for Mycobacterium caprae. Typical tuberculous lesions were detected in 62 animals (33.0%) and the lesions were most prevalent in the mediastinal lymph nodes (47.5%). The isolated mycobacteria in the MTBC were identified as Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae and were found in both animals with visible lesions (82.2%) and animals without visible lesions (27.7%). The slaughterhouse postmortem examinations and laboratory investigations should be included on regular bases in order to improve the National eradication program.

Bovine tuberculosis: making a case for effective surveillance

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PROBST ◽  
C. FREULING ◽  
I. MOSER ◽  
L. GEUE ◽  
H. KÖHLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Tuberculin Testing ◽  
North Western ◽  
Animal Trade

SUMMARYIn 2008, a cow with marked gross lesions suspicious for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was identified by meat inspection at home slaughtering in north-western Germany. Epidemiological investigations led to the identification of another 11 affected farms with a total of 135 animals which reacted positive to the skin test. Eight affected farms had been in trade contact with the putative index farm. While the source for the initial introduction remained unknown, it was shown that all isolates tested shared the same molecular characteristics suggesting a common source of infection. The findings demonstrate that bTB can easily be transmitted via animal trade and may remain undetected for years in herds in the absence of tuberculin testing. Hence, we believe that bTB surveillance should not rely only on meat inspection, but on a combination of both meat inspection and intradermal tuberculin testing.

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