Aspects of the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in badgers and cattle. II. The development and use of a typing system for Mycobacterium bovis

SUMMARYA relatively simple method for the detection of intra-specific variation of Mycobacterium bovis is described, based on the ability of strains to utilize or remove amino acids from solution. Using the method, 31 strains of M. bovis, isolated from badgers and cattle, have been divided into four major groups with some additional sub-groups and intermediate strains. Preliminary results suggest that the biotypes observed are relatively stable. The method was used in the investigation of an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in Gloucestershire where badgers were implicated as a source of infection. The results suggested that transmission of infection had occurred on at least two or three separate occasions. It is suggested that the method could be used in studying the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in wild animals, cattle and man.

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Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium bovis Strain D-10-02315 Isolated from Wild Boar

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.01268-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Branger ◽

Amandine Hauer ◽

Lorraine Michelet ◽

Claudine Karoui ◽

Thierry Cochard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Draft Genome Sequence ◽

Wild Animals

Mycobacterium bovis is the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease, affecting livestock, wild animals, and sometimes humans. We report the draft genome sequence of a Mycobacterium bovis strain isolated from wild boar of spoligotype SB0120 (or BCG-like) also present in wildlife-livestock multi-host systems.

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Geographic distribution of restriction types ofMycobacterium bovisisolates from brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400066201 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 431-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

D. M. Collins ◽

G. W. De Lisle ◽

D. M. Gabric

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

High Resolution ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Restriction Enzymes ◽

Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽

Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽

Typing System ◽

Dna Restriction ◽

Endonuclease Analysis

SUMMARYDNA restriction endonuclease analysis was used for intra-specific typing ofMycobacterium bovisisolates from 83 brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) obtained between 1982 and 1984 from the three major regions in New Zealand with endemic bovine tuberculosis. All the isolates were found to be genetically very similar. Differentiation of the isolates into 33 restriction types was achieved by using high-resolution electrophoresis and the combined results from separate digestions with the restriction enzymesBstEII,PvuII andBclI. The typing system was entirely reproducible. Isolates of the same type were usually found in adjacent localities and were always limited to one of the three major regions. In some cases, isolates of the same type were found in both 1982 and 1984. The phenotypic significance of the small genetic differences identified between different isolates is unknown. The typing system will be useful for monitoring the transmission ofM. bovisto other species and the future spread of differentM. bovistypes through possum populations.

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Draft Genome Sequences of Three Mycobacterium bovis Strains Identified in Cattle and Wildlife in France

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00410-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (27) ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Branger ◽

Amandine Hauer ◽

Lorraine Michelet ◽

Claudine Karoui ◽

Thierry Cochard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Content Type

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium bovis is the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease affecting livestock, wild animals, and sometimes humans. We report here three draft genome sequences of Mycobacterium bovis strains of spoligotypes SB0821 and SB0134, isolated from wildlife but circulating in wildlife-livestock multihost systems, and SB0121, circulating exclusively in cattle.

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Bovine tuberculosis in domestic and wild mammals in an area of Dorset. I. Tuberculosis in cattle

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s002217240007073x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 195-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J. W. Wilesmith ◽

T. W. A. Little ◽

H. V. Thompson ◽

C. Swan

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Common Source ◽

Wild Mammals ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Short Period ◽

Major Outbreak ◽

Two Peaks

SUMMARYA major outbreak of tuberculosis occurred in cattle on a farm in Dorset between 1970 and 1976. Six hundred and twenty-six cattle were slaughtered either because they reacted to the tuberculin test or had been exposed to infection. No source of infection was found until 1974 when badgers infected with Mycobacterium bovis were first discovered.An analysis of the tuberculin test records of this herd and the six surrounding herds indicated that tuberculosis had been a sporadic problem since the early 1960's. Two peaks of infection occurred in the most severely affected herd in 1970 and 1974 when 29·8% and 27·3% of animals, respectively, reacted to the tuberculin test. These figures are exceptionally high. During the last 20 years there have been two periods when all the herds in the area had synchronous outbreaks consistent with a common source.Analysis indicated that cattle were at greatest risk in April and May and suggest that there was re-exposure to infection at this time each year. In addition the cattle were apparently exposed to M. bovis, at sufficiently high levels for transmission to occur, for only a relatively short period of time.

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Molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolated in the first outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in the Azores Islands: a case report

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/137/2009-vetmed ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 133-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Matos ◽

A. Amado ◽

A. Botelho

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Molecular Typing ◽

Close Contact ◽

Common Source ◽

Clonal Lineage ◽

Recent Infection ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Azores Islands ◽

Low Diversity

Twenty <I>Mycobacterium bovis</I> isolates from a first reported outbreak in the Azores Islands were differentiated into four spoligotypes: SB0119 (45%), SB0121 (40%), SB1264 (10%) and SB1090 (5%) and into two MIRU-VNTR allelic profiles using eight selected <I>loci</I>. The isolates seem to constitute a clonal lineage from a common source of infection. The limited diversity among the analysed Azores strains isolates could be due to the close contact of animals and use of common pastures and all herds can be seen as one epidemiological unit. The population structure of these strains with its low diversity differs from the Portugese mainland indicating a recent infection with accompanying evident founder effect.

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Tuberculosis in Antelopes in a Zoo in Poland – Problem of Public Health

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5604/17331331.1185242 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 395-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Monika Krajewska ◽

Michał Załuski ◽

Anna Zabost ◽

Blanka Orłowska ◽

Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Infectious Disease ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Tuberculosis Complex ◽

Mycobacterium Caprae ◽

In Captivity

Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease that occurs in many species of both domestic and wild animals, as well as those held in captivity. The etiological factor is the acid resistant bacillus (Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium caprae), which is characterized by the major pathogenicity among mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The material from 8 antelopes from the zoo, suspected for tuberculosis were examined, and M. bovis strains were isolated from 6 of them. The spoligotyping method showing spoligo pattern 676763777777600. In Poland, this spoligotype has not been observed so far.

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The last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the CzechRepublic in 1995 was caused by Mycobacterium bovis subspecies caprae

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5832-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 251-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

I. Pavlik ◽

F. Bures ◽

P. Janovsky ◽

P. Pecinka ◽

M. Bartos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Red Deer ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Three Samples ◽

Green Fodder

The last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the CzechRepublic was detected in 1995. Signs of diarrhoea, weight loss and occasional coughing appeared in one 14-year-old cow after giving birth for the thirteenth time. Two months after these symptoms had been observed, it had to be slaughtered and numerous tuberculous lesions were found in its lung tissue, including the pleura. Within three months after the confirmation of the infection and consecutive intra-vitam and post-mortem diagnostics, all 28 remaining head of cattle from the herd (nine cows, seven bulls, six heifers and six calves) and five pigs were slaughtered. Patho-anatomical lesions were detected in all animals indicative of tuberculosis, from which Mycobacterium bovis was cultured and identified on the basis of biochemical tests and virulence test in a guinea-pig. The culture of 33 samples of other biological material than tissues (milk and urine of cows, feeding water, scrapings from the shed, fodder and others) resulted in M. bovis being detected in three samples (scrapings from shed walls). By the spoligotyping method M. bovis subsp. caprae was found in six selected isolates originating from two cows, two heifers and two bulls. It may therefore be assumed that there was one source of infection in the herd, which was the first infected old cow. In comparison with 3 176 spoligotypes in the existing database RIVM (National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) and literary data it was found that this spoligotype was also found in Sweden, Belgium, Great Britain, Spain, Poland, Germany and the CzechRepublic. It was impossible to determine the source of M. bovis subsp. caprae of the first infected cow on the basis of results from database and from anamnestic data. Green fodder coming from the farmer’s pastures near a forest could be considered as a possible source of M. bovis from wild ruminants like red deer (Cervus elaphus), which was found infected with bovine tuberculosis in another district of the CzechRepublic in 1991.

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Standard manufacturing process of Lekhana Putapaka

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v2i1.7494 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rejoice N. Macwan ◽

Vaishnav P. U. ◽

L. B. Singh ◽

B. L. Umrethiya ◽

B. D. Kalasariya

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Solid Content ◽

Burning Sensation ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Eye Disorders ◽

Physico Chemical

Putapaka is one of the best local and effective applications for the treatment of eye disorders. Putapaka when used properly then it will treat burning sensation, inflammation, pain, feeling of friction, discharges, itching sensation, stickiness, muddy secretions and congestion of blood vessels. In classics there are three types of Putapaka are described Snehana Putapaka, Lekhana Putapaka and Ropana Putapaka. Lekhana Putapaka is prepared mainly with the help of Lekhana Dravyas. It is used for scrapping of the Doshas. Lekhana Putapaka is composed of the liver and flesh of wild animals with the drugs of Lekhana group and Lauha Bhasma, Tamra Bhasma, Shankha Bhasma, Saindhava, Samudrafena, Kasisa, Srotanjana and Dadhi Mastu. In this study, the ingredients for Lekhana Putapaka has been taken as per the reference of Sushruta Samhita but prepared by some modification (in pressure cooker). The yield of three batches of Putapaka was 85ml, 90ml and 100 ml respectively. The physico-chemical parameters like pH, specific gravity and solid content and phytochemical parameters like glycocides, saponin, tannin, steroids, amino acids, proteins etc has been carried out.

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Immune Responses to Defined Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium kansasii

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00054-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 611-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

W. R. Waters ◽

M. V. Palmer ◽

T. C. Thacker ◽

J. B. Payeur ◽

N. B. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Specific Serum ◽

Specific Proteins

ABSTRACT Cross-reactive responses elicited by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria often confound the interpretation of antemortem tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. The use of specific proteins (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB83), however, generally enhances the specificity of bovine tuberculosis tests. While genes for these proteins are absent from many nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are present in M. kansasii. Instillation of M. kansasii into the tonsillar crypts of calves elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro gamma interferon and nitrite concentration responses of leukocytes to M. avium and M. bovis purified protein derivatives (PPDs). While the responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to M. avium and M. bovis PPDs were approximately equivalent, the responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to M. bovis PPD exceeded their respective responses to M. avium PPD. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to recombinant ESAT-6-CFP-10 (rESAT-6-CFP-10) exceeded corresponding responses of noninoculated calves as early as 15 and 30 days after inoculation, respectively, and persisted throughout the study. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to rESAT-6-CFP-10 exceeded the corresponding responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves beginning 30 days after inoculation. By using a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum antibodies were detected as early as 50 days after challenge with M. kansasii. By a multiantigen print immunoassay and immunoblotting, serum antibodies to MPB83, but not ESAT-6 or CFP-10, were detected in M. kansasii-inoculated calves; however, responses to MPB83 were notably weaker than those elicited by M. bovis infection. These findings indicate that M. kansasii infection of calves elicits specific responses that may confound the interpretation of bovine tuberculosis tests.

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