See-in: A case of lexically-governed, non-clausal predication

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-514
Author(s):  
ILAN HAZOUT
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Clausal Structure ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactic Context

The see-in construction, exemplified in sentences like John sees/finds in Mary his best friend involves a relation of predication between the DPs Mary and his best friend. It provides evidence against the hypothesis that predication relations are established uniformly within the syntactic context of clausal structure. The empirical facts show that [in Mary] and [his best friend] in this example are both complements of see/find. It follows that Mary and his best friend could not possibly be syntactically related as the subject and predicate of a clause, despite the fact that they are engaged in a semantic relation of predication.

scholarly journals Humanistic and Existential Psychology in the Practice of Psychotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Aureliano Pacciolla
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Existential Psychology ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Existential Approach ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Transcendence

In contemporary psychology, the humanistic-existential approach places its center on the sense of life but it should be distinguished from the meaning of life. In this article, after distinguishing the sense form the meaning of life, two specific tools will be considered: Purpose In Life Scale and the Self-Transcendence Scale. Then, other two useful tools will be presented for a clinical intervention: the metacognition functioning (MSAS) and the personality functioning (LPFS). A new proposal to clinicians will be to apply these last two tools in the self-administered form and for the best friend (BF) of the subject; so we can have the self-perception and the perception of others about both, metacognition and personality functioning. Mach more than single items on metacognition and personality functioning, the most relevant to present the basics of the humanistic-existential approach.

On the Case System of Berber

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohand Guerssel
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Free State ◽  
Case System ◽  
Puzzling Aspect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natural Classes ◽  
Syntactic Context

The morphological shape of a noun in Berber is determined by the syntactic context in which it appears. The alternation is between what has come to be known as the Construct State and the Free State. Since the alternation is syntactically determined, it has been suggested that the State phenomenon may be a form of case (cf. Prasse 1974; Chaker 1983; Bader and Kenstowicz 1984; Ouhalla 1988). But the link between Case and State has not been established in a conclusive manner. One reason why the nature of the Construct State has remained a puzzling aspect of Berber is that the contexts in which the Construct State forms appear and those where the Free State forms appear do not seem to constitute natural classes. For instance, most prepositions take a Construct State complement, but some take Free State forms. The subject of a verb in the VSO order is in the Construct but a left dislocated subject is not. The object of a verb is in the Free State, but when it is clitic doubled it is in the Construct State.

The emergence of grammatical relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-278
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Frajzyngier ◽  
Marielle Butters
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Clausal Structure ◽  
Grammatical Relations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Subject

The domain examined in Chapter 13 can be broadly described as the domain of relationships between the predicate and noun phrases. The Chapter addresses a narrow but an important issue, viz. the emergence of a binary distinction between the grammatical relations subject and object. Unlike various theoretical approaches, generative and functional alike that take the dichotomy of subject and object to be basic components of clausal structure, the study demonstrates that in some languages this dichotomy is a product of functional changes that start from an initial state with undifferentiated relations, in which there is no distinction between the subject and object. In other languages the distinction between the subject and object is a product of the reduction of a rich system of coding semantic relations between the predicate and noun phrases.

scholarly journals Rez Rebel by M. Florence

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Quaiattini
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Healer ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Meaningful Change ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

Florence, Melanie. Rez Rebel. James Lorimer & Company, 2017.Narrated by Floyd Twofeathers, a young Cree teenager living on the fictional Bitter Lake Reserve, Rez Rebel sheds important and much-needed light onto the suicide crisis faced by Indigenous communities across Canada.Suicides on Bitter Lake Reserve are rampant. Though Floyd occupies a position of status in his community, with his father being the hereditary chief and his mother a traditional healer, he is not immune from the tragedy—his best friend Aaron had committed suicide. However, after a suicide pact leaves four young girls dead, Floyd’s father struggles to find a solution to help his community and its young people find opportunities and support. Floyd and his friends believe that by sharing their own talents and skills (writing, drawing, sports) with their peers, and giving kids the opportunity to learn their traditional knowledge and practices from the Elders, that this will help turn their community around. When Floyd tries to bring these ideas to his father, he is ignored. It is only with a bold act, and another suicide threat that brings about meaningful change on Bitter Lake Reserve.Given the timeliness of the subject matter, and the lack of books on this topic, this is a much-needed novel. However, the overall story itself is a bit uneven. The book opens with the suicide crisis, and the reader can feel the tension and urgency of the situation. There is a lengthy description of Aaron’s suicide, as well as a crisis in Floyd’s family that may be upsetting or triggering to some readers. The middle of the book loses a bit of its focus, with chapters showing Floyd and his friends being teenagers—hanging out, fishing, falling in love—with little connection to the broader plot. The final quarter of the story reconnects the reader with the suicide crisis and Floyd’s solution for his community. The prose and tone are realistic—teenagers will see themselves in the characters, and the language is simple and accessible.This book would do well in the young adult section of public libraries, as well as in junior high and high school libraries. Recommended: 3 out of 4 starsReviewer: Andrea QuaiattiniAndrea Quaiattini is a Public Services Librarian at the University of Alberta’s JW Scott Health Sciences Library.  While working as a camp counsellor, she memorized Mortimer and The Paper Bag Princess by Robert Munsch as bedtime stories for the kids. She can still do all the voices.

scholarly journals I believe that he didn’t do it and I don’t believe that he did it. The influence of context on the semantic-communicative relations between sentence negation and performative negation

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Józef Maciuszek
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Situational Context ◽  
Negative Comment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Expectations

Abstract The subject matter of the paper is an analysis of the semantic relations between sentence negation, performative negation, and declarations in reference to utterances which speech acts theory gives the label of representatives. Apart from linguistic-semantic analyses, empirical studies have been conducted on the manner in which sentence negation and performative negation are processed. The results of Study I demonstrate that the semantic relation between sentence negation and performative negation changes depend on the type of comment (positive vs. negative), and contextual factors (type of expectations towards events being commented on). As it turned out, when the situational context suggests a negative comment by the sender, participants offer similar interpretations of utterances with sentence negation and performative negation. In Study II the participants assessed the likelihood of the occurrence of the facts spoken of by a sender who uses sentence negation or performative negation. In a context suggesting positive utterances by the sender, a clear difference emerged between sentence negation and performative negation. This difference was not present in respect of negative expectations. The results achieved confirm the assumptions of the model of conversational inference regarding the influence of context on interpretation of a message. The recorded results indicate the semantic relations between declarations, sentence negation, and performative negation, which change depending on the affective significance of the message and contextual factors.

scholarly journals Where does the modality of Ancient Greek modal verbs come from?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Danesi ◽  
Johnson ◽  
Jóhanna Barðdal
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Data Call ◽  
Linguistic Means

Abstract Modality can be expressed through a variety of different linguistic means within and across languages, of which one manifestation is through noncanonical case marking of the subject. In Ancient Greek several predicates show a systematic alternation between constructions with nominative and oblique subjects, which coincides with a difference in meaning, yielding a modal meaning in the latter case. We show how this modal meaning cannot be derived from the meaning of the individual parts of the construction, neither from the lexical material nor from the relevant grammatical elements. Instead, the data call for a constructional analysis of a modal subconstruction of the oblique subject construction, for which the modality must be attributed to the construction itself. We argue that this can be viewed through the lens of subjectification in the sense of Traugott (2003), here demonstrating that the semantic relation holding between the subject referent and the oblique case marking selected by the verb has been extended to the empathic relation holding between the speaker and his/her attitude towards the proposition uttered (Barðdal 2004). This, we believe, is how the concept of modality came to be associated with oblique case marking of subjects.

scholarly journals VN Phrasal Compounds in Cinyanja

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Naomi Njobvu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Determiner Phrases ◽  
Syntactic Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Integrity ◽  
Noun Compounds ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Syntactic Context

This article aims at discussing verb-noun compounds with a locative prefix in the nominal part of the compounds in Cinyanja. The singular and plural forms of the compounds have been presented to show that the complex forms are nouns. With regard to the internal structure, the compounds show that they have a phrasal structure. Since verb-noun compounds in this study resemble the structure of synthetic compounds in English, the analysis of these words followed the syntactic approach. The results show that internally, the compounds with a locative have a verb phrase internal structure, and follow the verb-argument word order. In the syntactic context, it is shown that the compounds with the phrasal internal structure function as determiner phrases because they can appear in the subject and object positions in simple sentences and relative clauses. Further, the entire compound word can be modified by adjectives, and be coordinated with simple nouns, which suggests that the compounds with a locative are indeed determiner phrases. Finally, with the application of the lexical integrity hypothesis, the results reveal that the compounds with the locative in the nominal part are genuine compounds because they adhere to the lexical integrity principle.

scholarly journals "Secondary Sources: Top Ten," LEGAL INFORMATION ALERT 24(3): 1,4-6 (March 2005)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Drisko Zago
Keyword(s):  
Research Tool ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sheer Number ◽  
Experienced Researcher

Secondary sources are a legal researcher's best friend. They are a great place to begin researching a new topic as they provide a framework for understanding the subject. Not only will a good secondary source provide researchers with a way of approaching the topic, but it will also introduce beginning researchers to the language of the subject. Secondary sources also contain expert analysis, references to primary law such as cases, statutes, and regulations, and will also include such other resources as governmental reports, statistics, and other secondary sources. While secondary sources are an incredibly valuable research tool, they can offer such a wide array of options that researchers become overwhelmed with the sheer number of choices. This can strike anyone, even a fairly experienced researcher. Librarians, too, can become overwhelmed, especially when faced with teaching law students about the value of secondary sources and how to harness their power.

Non-agentive Deverbal -er Nominalization in English and Dutch

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbet Heyvaert
Keyword(s):  
Clausal Structure ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than

This paper deals with non-agentive deverbal -er nominals in English and Dutch. It attempts to provide a grammatico-semantic explanation for the extension of agentive to non-agentive -er, and argues that the profile of the -er suffix, irrespective of whether it is agentive or non-agentive, is comparable to that of the subject-Junction of a clausal structure. More particularly, some clausal structures are discussed which show a high number of structural and semantic correspondences with non-agentive -er nominals. Whereas in English, the most important clausal agnate turns out to be the middle construction (e.g. this book reads easily), Dutch non-agentive -er nominals are shown to agnate with various structures, notably middle formation: especially the occurrence of intransitive or 'circumstantial' middles (e.g. asfalt fietst prettiger dan grind 'asphalt cycles better than gravel'), and the frequent use of 'let'-constructions in contexts where English would use a middle (e.g. dat boek laat zich makkelijk lezen [that book lets itself easily read], i.e. that book reads easily) offer evidence of the Dutch potential to construe non-agentive entities as subjects. Throughout the discussion, the clauses and -er nominals under scrutiny are illustrated by extracts from the COBUILD corpus and the Dutch INL corpus.

‘I Don’t Want to Sweep Alone’: Paranoia and Anomalous Experiences

Paranoia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Freeman ◽  
Jason Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Personal Gain ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
The Subject

Thus George Costanza, nebbish anti-hero of hit sitcom Seinfeld. George is desperate to know why his girlfriend Gwen has dumped him. (‘It’s not you—it’s me’ is her somewhat unhelpful—and utterly implausible—offering on the subject.) But all is not lost. Jerry, George’s best friend, has just started dating Laura, who is deaf. And what better way to discover what people are saying about you than have a friend read their lips? It’s a scheme that appeals to the paranoid in all of us. As George tells Jerry: ‘If we could just harness this power and use it for our own personal gain there’d be no stopping us.’ Well, Laura does indeed lip-read Gwen’s conversation with Todd, the host of the party, and she duly provides George with a running commentary in sign language. So far, so good. But George doesn’t understand sign language; it has to be translated for him by ‘hipster doofus’ Kramer: . . . KRAMER ‘Hi Gwen, hi tide.’ JERRY Hi tide? KRAMER Hi Todd. ‘You’ve got something between your teeth.’ GEORGE What? KRAMER No that’s what he said. That’s interesting. ‘I love carrots, but I hate carrot soup. And I hate peas, but I love pea soup.’ So do I. GWEN I don’t envy you, Todd. The place is going to be a mess. TODD Maybe you can stick around after everybody leaves and we can sweep together. KRAMER ‘Why don’t you stick around and we can sleep together.’ GEORGE What?!? KRAMER ‘You want me to sleep with you?’ TODD I don’t want to sweep alone. KRAMER He says ‘I don’t want to sleep alone.’ She says, oh boy, ‘love to.’ . . . You can guess the rest. This sad tale points up a crucial element in paranoia. Because, although by definition paranoid thoughts are unjustified and exaggerated, they aren’t completely irrational. Life is full of confusing or unsettling experiences and paranoid thoughts supply an explanation (albeit not an especially useful or accurate one) for these ambiguous experiences. They are acts of interpretation gone awry.

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