THE DOCTRINE OF PIERCING THE CORPORATE REVIEW IN THE COURT DECISION NO. 656/PDT.G/2015/PN.MDN

Limited Liability Company (Ltd.) or Perseroan Terbatas (PT) is a legal entity in Indonesia that constitutes a capital alliance formed by an agreement that features a limited liability principle. Limited liability is a principle that limits the responsibility of shareholders to the risk of the Company. However, the principle of limited liability is frequently misapplied, as shareholders look for ways to protect themselves from the risk of more significant losses, to take advantage of all company profits for personal gain. Shareholders who abuse the principle of limited liability for personal gain, on the other hand, will be subject to the Piercing the Corporate Veil doctrine. This doctrine imposes the transfer of liability for personal losses to shareholders who cause harm to the company in bad faith. Based on this understanding, this paper seeks to comprehend the application of the Piercing the Corporate Veil doctrine by analyzing Medan District Court Decision Number: 656/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Mdn. The research method used in this study was normative legal research reviewed with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The conclusion drawn from the problem is as follows: the regulation regarding the Piercing the Corporate Veil doctrine is borne not only by shareholders but also by the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners who fail to implement the principles of fiduciary duty of skill and care. Furthermore, in the case of 656/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Mdn, the judge considered the provisions of Article 3 paragraph (2) of the UUPT in implementing the Piercing the Corporate Veil Doctrine by punishing the Defendants jointly and severally to indemnify the Plaintiff.

On narcissist leadership and authenticity: Moving towards an ecological understanding of the self

Neoliberalism promotes the self as an enterprise. The entrepreneuring self originates from a western concept of autonomic individualism, which in its extreme form, gives rise to narcissist leadership in neoliberal times. Narcissist leaders are efficient in achieving neoliberal indicators and outcomes for personal gain. This leadership style is detrimental to the public good and democracy. Critiques of narcissist leadership could benefit from using an alternative ontological perspective: a Confucian notion of the self as an ecological being.

CLIMATE CHANGE – ITS IMPACT ON OUR BEHAVIOR AND WHY WE NEED TO CHANGE IT NOW

Our days today begin with news either of the varying statistics of the COVID-19 cases, tragedies of prejudicial discrimination,follies of policy-makers,horrifying terrorist attacks and more dreary information that are not only grave but also petrifying.Amongst these,the global concern that touches all living creatures is the news of our weary planet. st th COP26 or the UN Climate Summit 2021 is going to take place for 2 weeks from the 31 of October to the 12 of November in Glasgow and it has been the matter of the moment for the past few weeks.The cause is unsurprising and is frankly long overdue.Climate change is an upsetting phenomenon,both for our planet and its inhabitants.Our persistent activities of pleasure for personal gain at the expense of Mother Earth can no longer be put up with. Not by our planet, not by the future generations.Their survival and ours solely depends on us fixing our current ways.While the prospect is daunting, fear cannot be our barrier.Our present psychological mindsets need a jolt.It is now essential that we step past the fear of change to make the change possible for we are hanging by a thread at the end of the rope with a fire beneath. The consequences are cataclysmic,and we are our only hope.

Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?

Recent research has identified three promising candidates for predicting extreme behavior: sacred values, moral convictions, and identity fusion. Each construct is thought to motivate extreme behavior in unique ways: Sacred values trigger extreme actions when people are asked to compromise cause-related values for personal gain; moral convictions trigger extreme actions when a cause is aligned with one’s moral compass; and identity fusion triggers extreme actions when a cause is inextricably associated (“fused”) with the personal self. In six studies, we asked which of the three constructs (either alone or in combination) was most predictive of sacrifice for a cause. We measured all three constructs with respect to either of two causes: gun rights (Studies 1–3) or abortion rights (4–6). The outcome measure was endorsement of fighting and dying for the cause. Although all three constructs were significant predictors of the outcome measure when considered separately, identity fusion consistently emerged as the strongest predictor of endorsement of self-sacrifice when all three were considered simultaneously. This pattern occurred regardless of the target cause (gun or abortion rights), the participant’s position on the cause (i.e., pro-gun or anti-gun, pro-choice, or pro-life), or nationality (American vs. Spanish). Also, there was no evidence that the predictors interacted to predict the outcome measure. Finally, a manipulation that threatened the validity of the personal self strengthened the relationship between endorsement of self-sacrifice and both (a) identity fusion and (b) moral convictions. The latter finding suggests that threats to the validity of one’s self-views may amplify the extreme behaviors of true believers.

Serving the Greater Social Good for Personal Gain: Effects of Polite Disagreements in Online Debates

Asynchronous, anonymous online debaters might be less likely than face-to-face debaters to value their public self-image ( face), and thus disagree more freely. In this study, we examined whether polite disagreements (as opposed to rude ones) help online debaters win over audience members. An analysis of the most voted-on 100 political debates on Debate.org (200 debaters; 1,750 voters; 472,652 words) showed that debate initiators who used politer face-saving strategies to disagree (i.e., using expressions such as negatives with agree words rather than disagree or harsh rejection words) were more likely to receive more audience votes and win their debates. These results suggest that politeness tactics during online debates increase effectiveness, align with normative ideals, and yield pragmatic gain.

Petitioning the Waqf Cases: Conflict over the Abū Madyan Waqf, Old City of Jerusalem, at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

This article analyzes twenty-two petitions, held at the Ottoman Imperial Archives (boa) in Istanbul, submitted to the Council of State Registers (Şūrā-yi Devlet) at the beginning of the twentieth century by the mutawallīs (supervisors) of the Abū Madyan waqf, as well as by residents and representatives of the Maghāriba neighborhood in Jerusalem. These petitions concern the alleged mismanagement of the waqf by the mutawallīs, including the embezzlement of funds and violation of the conditions stipulated in the waqf’s endowment deed (waqfiyya). Through this analysis, the study aims to show how the waqf’s supervisors and the representatives of local political and religious authorities contributed to the confiscation of property, allocated to a waqf, for personal gain or to serve common interests, and, thus to the gradual disintegration of the waqf system in early twentieth-century Jerusalem. It also sheds light on the networks between local citizens (Maghribīs), waqf mutawallīs, local qāḍīs, and the central Ottoman administration and the sultan.

Tanggung jawab Penggembalaan berdasarkan Perspektif 1 Petrus 5:1-4

This article discusses pastoral responsibilities from the perspective of 1 Peter 5: 1-4. In general, the pastor's responsibility is to care for God's church in spirituality. But specifically Peter wrote the pastor's responsibilities such as not by force but by volunteering, not looking for one's own benefit but with enthusiasm and not using power but to be an example. This article aims to understand pastoral responsibility in the perspective of 1 Peter 5: 1-4 and find its implications for pastoral today. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a Historical Gramatical approach. The shepherd's responsibility in 1 Peter 5: 1-4 is to serve not by force, to serve voluntarily, to serve without seeking personal gain, to serve with enthusiasm and to serve by example. === Artikel ini membahas tanggung jawab penatua dalam kaitannya dengan penggembalaan terhadap jemaat Tuhan berdasarkan perspektif 1 Petrus 5:1-4. Secara umum, tanggung jawab gembala adalah memelihara jemaat Tuhan dalam hal kerohanian. Namun secara khusus Petrus memberikan deskripsi tanggung jawab tersebut secara terperinci sebagai tugas yang dilakukan tanpa dengan paksa melainkan dengan sukarela, tanpa mencari keuntungan diri sendiri melainkan dengan semangat dan tanpa menggunakan kekuasaan melainkan menjadi teladan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang tanggung jawab penggembalaan dalam perspektif 1 Petrus 5:1-4 dan menemukan implikasinya bagi penggembalan pada masa kini. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini merupakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Historical Gramatical. Adapun tanggung jawab gembala di dalam 1 Petrus 5:1-4 adalah melayani tanpa dengan terpaksa, melayani dengan sukarela, melayani tanpa mencari keuntungan pribadi, melayani dengan semangat dan melayani dengan memberi teladan.

Can ingroup love harm the ingroup? Collective narcissism and objectification of ingroup members

We examined how collective narcissism (a belief in ingroup greatness that is underappreciated by others) versus ingroup identification predicts treatment of ingroup members. Ingroup identification should be associated with favorable treatment of ingroup members. Collective narcissism, however, is more likely to predict using ingroup members for personal gain. In organizations, collective narcissism predicted promoting one’s own (vs. group) goals (prestudy: N = 179), and treating coworkers instrumentally (Study 1: N = 181; and longitudinal Study 2: N = 557). In Study 3 ( N = 214, partisan context), the link between collective narcissism and instrumental treatment of ingroup members was mediated by self-serving motives. In the experimental Study 4 ( N = 579, workplace teams), the effect of collective narcissism on instrumental treatment was stronger when the target was an ingroup (vs. outgroup) member. Across all studies, ingroup identification was negatively, or nonsignificantly, associated with instrumental treatment. Results suggest that not all forms of ingroup identity might be beneficial for ingroup members.

Perspektif Hukum Atas Pelanggaran Barang Kena Cukai Yang Dilekati Pita Cukai Bukan Peruntukannya

The sanctions imposition that has been applied to violations of taxable goods that are subject to tax bands instead of their intended can cause legal uncertainty. This study aims to determine law enforcement against perpetrators of excisable goods violations that are attached to excise stamps aren’t intended for them and to find out legal perspective in Indonesia regarding the imposition of the sanctions for excisable goods violations that are attached with excise stamps instead of their intended. Research related to violations of excisable goods that are attached to excise stamps for non-designated items is rarely carried out. The method used is normative juridical, while data analysis was conducted qualitatively. From this study results it’s concluded that, if reviewed from a legal perspective in Indonesia, law enforcement that occurs when a manufacturer or importer of excisable goods attaches excise stamps to excisable goods that aren’t allocated can be penalized. This happens because factory operators or importers of excisable goods act as violation initiators or crime perpetrators, with the intention of avoiding some tax payments for personal gain as one form of crime. The Excise Law should be reviewed, especially in relation to imposing sanctions and improving the legal system in its structure terms, substance, and legal culture. Therefore, the imposition of the sanctions applied to excise violations can provide justice, benefit, and legal certainty. Keywords: Excisable Goods, Excise Ribbons, Misappropriation, Criminal Sanctions, Legal Perspective Pemberian sanksi yang selama ini diterapkan terhadap pelanggaran barang kena cukai yang dilekati pita cukai bukan peruntukannya dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku pelanggaran barang kena cukai yang dilekati pita cukai bukan peruntukannya dan untuk mengetahui perspektif hukum di Indonesia terkait pemberian sanksi atas pelanggaran barang kena cukai yang dilekati dengan pita cukai bukan peruntukannya. Adapun penelitian terkait pelanggaran barang kena cukai yang dilekati pita cukai bukan peruntukannya masih jarang dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, sementara analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa, jika ditinjau dari perspektif hukum di Indonesia, penegakan hukum yang terjadi apabila pengusaha pabrik atau importir barang kena cukai melekatkan pita cukai pada barang kena cukai yang bukan peruntukannya dapat dikenai sanksi pidana. Hal tersebut terjadi karena pengusaha pabrik atau importir barang kena cukai bertindak sebagai inisiator terjadinya pelanggaran atau pelaku kejahatan, dengan niat mengelakan sebagian pembayaran cukai demi keuntungan pribadi merupakan salah satu bentuk kejahatan. Hendaknya Undang-Undang Cukai dapat dikaji kembali khususnya terkait pemberian sanksi dan memperbaiki sistem hukum baik struktur, substansi maupun budaya hukumnya. Dengan demikian, pengenaan sanksi yang diterapkan pada pelanggaran cukai dapat memberikan keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kepastian hukum. Kata Kunci: Barang Kena Cukai, Pita Cukai, Salah Peruntukan, Sanksi Pidana, Perspektif Hukum

Nature Sports: Prospects for Sustainability

This paper articulates a paradigm shift in the adoption of a critical ecopedagogy focused on substantive and systemic change within nature sports. In analyzing the unifying concept of nature sports, we propose an ontological shift towards genuine sustainability, a communion among people and with nature. These activities comprise a group of physical practices that have the potential to challenge participants in novel ways that provide an alternative to traditional sports and the ideological values associated with these dominant sports, such as competition and personal gain. Nature sports inscribe meaning on bodies in motion, with a blurring or erasure of boundaries, as participants become one with nature rather than seeking to exploit or conquer it. These novel and countercultural practices promise the possibility of systemic sustainability, as participants redefine sport in terms of relational equity and ecoliteracy. As a utopian project, this systems approach recognizes the nature-sport nexus as a living framework to honor culturally appropriate practices and traditions in building an ecological movement centered on environmental justice. In this way, nature sports offer an opportunity to reimagine sustainable development through the promotion of a circular, rather than linear, economy—an economy based on re-creation rather than exploitation and waste.