Research Notes on Network Analysis

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
Philip C. Packard
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Usual Case ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The One

In the economic literature, one approach to development has centred on capital accumulation. This leads to an emphasis upon public finance, foreign aid, and such-like measures designed to raise funds for governments to invest. In the sub-Saharan situation, capital accumulation poses a dilemma: on the one hand there are great institutional deficiencies for raising capital; on the other, the amount of capital which most observers feel can be raised is much less than the ‘needs’ of African societies. This concentration on the problems of capital and its accumulation is what economists call the ‘macro’ approach. It asks what over-all amounts of capital are needed. It does not in the usual case relate the total capital to its different uses.

New Perspectives on Rosa Luxemburg’s Critique of Global Capitalism

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hudis
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Dynamic ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe global economic-financial downturn has given new impetus to a re-examination of Rosa Luxemburg’s writings on capitalist accumulation and economic crisis, which pinpointed the central contradiction of capitalism in its drive for global expansion. In this article I critically engage Luxemburg’s theory of capital accumulation and crisis by evaluating it in comparison with the central categories of Volumes One and Two of Marx’sCapitalon the one hand, and the quest for an alternative to capitalism in the twenty-first century on the other. I argue that Marx’s procedure in Volume Two ofCapital, in which he abstracts from realization crises and foreign trade in order to discern the “law of motion” of capital freed from secondary and tertiary considerations, captures the internal dynamic of capitalist development and crises far better than its Keynesian and neo-Keynesian alternatives.

A Political Theory of Foreign Aid

1962 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Morgenthau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

Of the seeming and real innovations which the modern age has introduced into the practice of foreign policy, none has proven more baffling to both understanding and action than foreign aid. The very assumption that foreign aid is an instrument of foreign policy is a subject of controversy. For, on the one hand, the opinion is widely held that foreign aid is an end in itself, carrying its own justification, both transcending, and independent of, foreign policy. In this view, foreign aid is the fulfillment of an obligation of the few rich nations toward the many poor ones. On the other hand, many see no justification for a policy of foreign aid at all. They look at it as a gigantic boon-doggle, a wasteful and indefensible operation which serves neither the interests of the United States nor those of the recipient nations.

scholarly journals The Link Between Capital Accumulation and Increasing Wages in an Updated Version of Smith’s Theory Of Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Meacci
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to focus, within Adam Smith’s system of thought, on the various aspects of the twofold link between the accumulation of capital and the demand for labor, on the one hand, and between an increasing population and increasing wages, on the other. This link is examined, first, in the light of the relationship between the principles of self-interest and competition; and, secondly, in support of the possibility (neglected by Smith) that the long-run supply of labor may fall short of the long-run demand for it. The paper’s main argument is that this possibility is peacefully implemented in advancing economies by the “uniform, constant, and uninterrupted effort of every man to better his condition” which lies behind a continuous process of capital accumulation (including technical progress) along with the birth control techniques so widely used in our times.

Politische Institutionenökonomik multilateraler Entwicklungshilfe

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Gelbhaar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Aid Policy

AbstractThe article analyses the economic rationality of multilateral arrangements in foreign aid policy. In the centre of attention is a comparison of patterns of valuation taken from the theory of welfare concerning selected forms of international co-operation. Furthermore, the paper discusses patterns of explanation for the coming into being and the function of multilateral organisations from a publicchoice- perspective. The result of politico-economic evaluation is ambivalent: On the one hand those institutions reduce the transparency and the possibility of democratic and parliamentary control of international politics respectively. Thus, the structural efficiency of the aims of political programs could be endangered. Furthermore specific agency-problems aggravate the conditions for the realisation of political aims at minimum cost. On the other hand multilateral organisations open up a special strategic set of action for democratically elected politicians upon which institutions such as the IMF or the World Bank could at least possibly foster economic welfare.

Tracing the Distribution of Chinese and World Bank-Funded Projects and Public Demonstrations in Cameroon and Uganda

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962093911
Author(s):  
Afa’anwi Ma’abo Che
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Chinese Official ◽  
The One ◽  
Public Demonstrations

Extant literature has explored the effects of foreign aid on armed conflicts and state repression, but not on public demonstrations. This article compares distribution patterns of Chinese and World Bank-funded projects and public demonstrations in Cameroon, receiving predominantly Chinese official finance, and Uganda, receiving predominantly traditional, Western aid. Distributive patterns suggest negative and positive associations between Chinese and traditional official finance on the one hand and public demonstrations on the other. However, with respect to anti-project demonstrations specifically, I find through fieldwork interviews in Cameroon that Chinese-funded projects are more prone to anti-project demonstrations owing to less stringent risk management standards.

scholarly journals Common Ownership in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry: A Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-99
Author(s):  
Albert Banal-Estañol ◽  
Melissa Newham ◽  
Jo Seldeslachts
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Common Ownership ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

We investigate patterns in common ownership networks between firms that are active in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry for the period 2004–2014. Our main findings are that “brand firms”—that is, firms that have research and development capabilities and launch new drugs—exhibit relatively dense common ownership networks with each other that further increase significantly in density over time, whereas the network of “generic firms”—that is, firms that primarily specialize in developing and launching generic drugs—is much sparser and stays that way over the span of our sample. Finally, when considering the common ownership links between brands firms, on the one hand, and generic firms, on the other, we find that brand firms have become more connected to generic firms over time. We discuss the potential antitrust implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Indigenous Archaeology: Problems with Difference and Collaboration

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo González-Ruibal
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Indigenous Archaeology ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The critique of archaeology made from an indigenous and postcolonial perspective has been largely accepted, at least in theory, in many settler colonies, from Canada to New Zealand. In this paper, I would like to expand such critique in two ways: on the one hand, I will point out some issues that have been left unresolved; on the other hand, I will address indigenous and colonial experiences that are different from British settler colonies, which have massively shaped our understanding of indigeneity and the relationship of archaeology to it. I am particularly concerned with two key problems: alterity – how archaeologists conceptualize difference – and collaboration – how archaeologists imagine their relationship with people from a different cultural background. My reflections are based on my personal experiences working with communities in southern Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and South America that differ markedly from those usually discussed by indigenous archaeologies.

scholarly journals Business Visibility and Taxation in Northern Cameroon

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-María Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Business Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
State Control ◽  
Tax Effort ◽  
Northern Cameroon ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The One

Abstract:Through an analysis of the taxation of business activities in Adamaoua Province, Cameroon, this article aims to provide ethnographic substance to current debates about the “tax effort” in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the current mission of the tax authorities to identify all potential taxpayers and track their locations, movements, and activities is often presented in the context of nationwide reform and a commitment to making all taxable enterprises visible, a close examination of the government's practices reveals other factors at work. The case of cattle traders in particular shows that taxation policies in Adamaoua today are based on an interplay between, on the one hand, modes of state control and levels of administrative ef-ficiency, and on the other, longstanding repertoires of business practice and idioms of documentation.

Ethical systems, African

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Anthony Appiah
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Ethical Thought ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
Christian Missionary ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethical Systems

Ethical thought in sub-Saharan Africa grows largely out of traditions that are communalistic, not based in individual consent, anti-universalizing, naturalistic, and humanist. Within such thought, the general vocabulary of evaluation, like such English words as ‘good’ and ‘bad’, does not strongly differentiate between narrow moral assessments, on the one hand, and technical or aesthetic evaluation on the other. This is true of places where Islam has been present for many centuries. The substantial exposure, in the colonial and postcolonial periods, to European moral ideas (both through various forms of Christian missionary evangelism and as a result of contact with secular moral and political traditions from elsewhere), along with the changes produced by the modern economy, have produced a wide range of ethical ideas. However, the residue of precolonial ethical theory remains the most distinctive, if not always the most important, component and is the main topic of this entry.

Small size blunts African sovereign wealth funds scope

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marginal Revenue ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The One ◽  
Rich Countries

Subject African Sovereign Wealth Funds Significance Sub-Saharan African (SSA) sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are yet to live up to the promise of transforming the structure of resource-rich countries by creating significant inter-generational assets such as improved infrastructure. On the one hand, political constraints in most establishing countries have limited capitalisation of funds. On the other, low returns on investments only provide marginal revenue diversification benefits. As a result, SWFs have largely failed as a mechanism for insulating minerals exporters from lower commodity prices. Impacts With just 10% of SWF assets allocated to infrastructure, their chances of engineering a Botswana-style economic transformation are remote. Measures of overall institutional development will remain better predictors of the likely success of SWFs than fund-specific ones. A concentration of SWFs' investments in hotels and real estate will perpetuate a preference for consumption over intergenerational equity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document