New rare bivalved arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, Yunnan, China

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Xian-Guang
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time

Five new bivalved arthropods are described from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, Yunnan, China. All of them are rare in the fauna, represented by one or two individuals among thousands of specimens. Four of the five new taxa are preserved with soft parts that show a clear distinction between them. The new taxa provide new important information concerning the soft bodied and limb characters of the early bivalved arthropods. A significant lesson is that, not knowing any soft parts, it is virtually impossible to place systematically a new type of bivalved carapace. It is often impossible even to tell if it is a crustacean or not. A second antenna in the shape of a “great appendage” is identified for the first time among the bivalved arthropods. The new taxa include representatives of the order Pectocaridida, the families Pectocarididae, Clypecarididae and Occacarididae, the genera and species Pectocaris spatiosa, Clypecaris pteroidea, Occacaris oviformis, Forfexicaris valida and Yunnanocaris megista.

A Relationship Between the Factor Indivisibility and the Output Elasticity of the Indivisible Factor

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222098516
Author(s):  
Dipankar Das
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Limit Point ◽  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Wage Equation ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Jel Classifications

The paper puts forth a notion and derives a special type of production function where labour is an indivisible factor and is in the integer space. Thus, Newtonian calculus is not an appropriate method of deriving the marginal value because limit point does not exist. This shows that indivisibility determines the output elasticity. In the first part, the paper propounds a notion regarding how indivisibility determines curvature of the production function. In the second part, the paper incorporates the findings within a production function and derives a new type accordingly. Moreover, it formally derives the standard wage equation considering all the entitlements of labour, namely (a) normal wages, (b) interest and (c) rent of ability. So far, no such mathematical proof is there to support this wage composition. This paper, for the first time, derives this wage equation considering indivisibility of labour. JEL Classifications: J23, J24, J31, D24, C61, E24, L8

scholarly journals A Novel Six-Rhodopsin System in a Single Archaeon

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (22) ◽  
pp. 5866-5873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Yuan Fu ◽  
Yu-Cheng Lin ◽  
Yung-Ning Chang ◽  
Hsiaochu Tseng ◽  
Ching-Che Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Haloarcula Marismortui ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
New Type ◽  
Ion Transportation ◽  
Proton Transporters ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Microbial rhodopsins, a diverse group of photoactive proteins found in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, function in photosensing and photoenergy harvesting and may have been present in the resource-limited early global environment. Four different physiological functions have been identified and characterized for nearly 5,000 retinal-binding photoreceptors, these being ion transporters that transport proton or chloride and sensory rhodopsins that mediate light-attractant and/or -repellent responses. The greatest number of rhodopsins previously observed in a single archaeon had been four. Here, we report a newly discovered six-rhodopsin system in a single archaeon, Haloarcula marismortui, which shows a more diverse absorbance spectral distribution than any previously known rhodopsin system, and, for the first time, two light-driven proton transporters that respond to the same wavelength. All six rhodopsins, the greatest number ever identified in a single archaeon, were first shown to be expressed in H. marismortui, and these were then overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The proteins were purified for absorption spectra and photocycle determination, followed by measurement of ion transportation and phototaxis. The results clearly indicate the existence of a proton transporter system with two isochromatic rhodopsins and a new type of sensory rhodopsin-like transducer in H. marismortui.

Research on the Key Technologies for New Large Dual-Platen High-Precision Clamping System

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Guo Dong Lu ◽  
Zheng Qi Ling
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Adaptive Correction ◽  
Hydraulic Servo ◽  
New Type ◽  
Clamping System ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
First Time

High- precision and large scale are the developing trend for injection molding machine clamping system .This paper compared the characteristics of three-platen toggle and dual-platen hydraulic clamping system. The key impact factors that effecting plastic parts` precision from clamping system were discussed systematically first time. Based on these analyses, a new clamping system has been proposed and manufactured to improve the plastics parts` precision, including three new technologies: new type dual-platen structure, parallelism adaptive correction technology and numerical controlled hydraulic servo system technology. It has been applied in practical machine successfully, and experiment result proves that it is effective enough to satisfying the high-precision molding of large plastics parts.

New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5048 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-510
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER L. MONASTYRSKII ◽  
VU VAN LIEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New Records ◽  
Species Level ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A new species and eight new subspecies of Papilionoidea discovered in Vietnam between 2002 and 2020 are described and illustrated. The status of two taxa are revised. New taxa include Pieridae: Delias sanaca bidoupa Monastyrskii & Vu subspec. nov. and Talbotia naganum aurelia Monastyrskii & Vu subspec. nov.; Nymphalidae: Abrota ganga pulcheria Monastyrskii & Vu, subspec. nov.; Bassarona recta consonensis Monastyrskii & Vu, subspec. nov.; Pantoporia bieti aurantina Monastyrskii & To subspec. nov.; Ragadia latifasciata cristata Monastyrskii & Vu, subspec. nov.; Ragadia latifasciata crystallina Monastyrskii & Vu, subspec. nov.; Faunis indistincta luctus Monastyrskii & Vu subspec. nov. & Aemona gialaica Monastyrskii, K. Saito & Vu, spec. nov. The taxon infuscata Devyatkin & Monastyrskii, previously described as the subspecies Aemona tonkinensis infuscata, was elevated to the species level, while the taxon critias (Ragadia critias Riley & Godfrey) was reduced to a subspecies. Three Satyrinae species were recorded from Vietnam for the first time: Palaeonympha opalina Butler, 1871; Ypthima motschulskyi Bremer & Grey, 1853; and Ragadia latifasciata Leech, 1891.  

Some Origins of Nationalism in East Africa

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lonsdale
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
National Movements ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Official Recognition

This paper attempts to provide a frame of reference for evaluating the role of ordinary rural Africans in national movements, in the belief that scholarly preoccupation with élites will only partially illumine the mainsprings of nationalism. Kenya has been taken as the main field of enquiry, with contrasts and comparisons drawn from Uganda and Tanganyika. The processes of social change are discussed with a view to establishing that by the end of the colonial period one can talk of peasants rather than tribesmen in some of the more progressive areas. This change entailed a decline in the leadership functions of tribal chiefs who were also the official agents of colonial rule, but did not necessarily mean the firm establishment of a new type of rural leadership. The central part of the paper is taken up with an account of the competition between these older and newer leaderships, for official recognition rather than a mass following. A popular following was one of the conditions for such recognition, but neither really achieved this prior to 1945 except in Kikuyuland, and there the newer leaders did not want official recognition. After 1945 the newer leadership, comprising especially traders and officials of marketing co-operatives, seems everywhere to have won a properly representative position, due mainly to the enforced agrarian changes which brought the peasant face to face with the central government, perhaps for the first time. This confrontation, together with the experience of failure in earlier and more local political activity, resulted in a national revolution coalescing from below, co-ordinated rather than instigated by the educated élite.

scholarly journals The hermit сharacter as a new type of character in realistic prose by Maxim Gorky

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Strokina ◽  
Lenie Taymazova ◽  
Elvina Useinova ◽  
Ruslan Adonin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Art Form ◽  
New Type ◽  
Maxim Gorky ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

1922-1924 was a fruitful period of Maxim Gorky's literature work. It is related to searching a new art form. The cycle “Stories of 1922-1924” is an expressive example of “new prose”. For the first time, the hermit character appeared in the cycle “Stories of 1922-1924”. From the point of view of generally recognized morality and the Church, the new type of character is ambiguous. It is characterized by both sinfulness and holiness.

scholarly journals Plantae uxpanapae II. Novedades en Violaceae y Scrophulariaceae

2017 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Tom Wendt
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
New Records ◽  
New Variety ◽  
First Time

New taxa and new records for México in Violaceae and Scrophulariaceae are presented , based on collections from the Zona de Uxpanapa, Veracruz-Oaxaca. Rinorea uxpanapana (Violaceae) is described as new, and R. deflexiflora is reported for the first time from México. In Scrophulariaceae, Uroskinnera hirtiflora var. breviloba is a new variety, and the asiatic weed Lindernia antipoda is new to México.

Description of Almafuerte, a new genus of ground spiders from South America (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4338 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN J. GRISMADO ◽  
NICOLÁS LÓPEZ CARRIÓN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
First Time

A new genus of gnaphosid spiders, Almafuerte, gen. nov., is described for seven species from Southern South America. The new genus is diagnosed by a conspicuous retrolateral tegular projection on the male palp, and by having three teeth on the cheliceral retromargin. It comprises six species from Argentina, A. peripampasica sp. nov. (type species), from Central Argentina, also present in Uruguay, A. kuru sp. nov., from Santiago del Estero, A. vigorosa sp. nov., from Corrientes, A. goloboffi sp. nov., from Salta and Jujuy, A. remota sp. nov., from Santiago del Estero and Mendoza, and A. giaii (Gerschman & Schiapelli) comb. nov., here transferred from Echemus, from Santa Fe (the female is here described by the first time); and one species from Bolivia, A. facon sp. nov., from Cochabamba. Hypotheses of relationships of the new taxa are briefly discussed, in the context of the previously proposed groupings: the subfamilies Echeminae and Drassodinae (sensu Platnick 1990) and the “Echemus group” (sensu Murphy 2007). 

Multi-functional NaErF4:Yb nanorods: enhanced red upconversion emission, in vitro cell, in vivo X-ray, and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2855-2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Tianmei Zeng ◽  
Zhigao Yi ◽  
Ling Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Upconversion Emission ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time

A new type of multi-functional NaErF4 nanoprobe with enhanced red upconversion emission was developed and used for in vitro cell, in vivo X-ray and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the first time.

New species of Neotropical Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae) and delineation of the americana-, nigra-, and xyele- species-groups

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5005 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
SCOTT J. FITZGERALD
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
First Time

Four new Neotropical species of Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae) are described: P. abruptavena sp. n. (Colombia), P. elsalvadorensis sp. n. (El Salvador), P. nessiae sp. n. (Brazil), and P. schusteri sp. n. (Guatemala). Additionally, P. marginata Edwards is redescribed and the male described for the first time. A discussion of Neotropical species-groups is given and three species-groups based on male terminalia are outlined to include the new taxa: the americana-group (7 species), nigra-group (13 species), and xyele-group (2 species).

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