scholarly journals The hermit сharacter as a new type of character in realistic prose by Maxim Gorky

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Strokina ◽  
Lenie Taymazova ◽  
Elvina Useinova ◽  
Ruslan Adonin

1922-1924 was a fruitful period of Maxim Gorky's literature work. It is related to searching a new art form. The cycle “Stories of 1922-1924” is an expressive example of “new prose”. For the first time, the hermit character appeared in the cycle “Stories of 1922-1924”. From the point of view of generally recognized morality and the Church, the new type of character is ambiguous. It is characterized by both sinfulness and holiness.

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Paweł Sobczyk

During the pontificate of Pope Pius XI (1922-1939), a new type of relations emerged between Church and state. The Church, which was confirmed in a number of new international agreements signed in the interwar period, sought to separate itself from the state and to endorse its autonomy and independence. Furthermore, the Holy See wished to guarantee respect for the position of public law, which would be confirmed by international agreement reached between the Church and the particular country, traditionally known as the Concordat. Among Concordats signed by the Holy See during the pontificate of Pope Pius XI, there is the Polish Concordat of 1925, which became the model for many subsequent international agreements. On the content of the Concordat of 1925 many factors had influence: historical, political, legal, religious and social. Among them there is a personal involvement into it of Pope Pius XI, which is difficult to qualify from a scientific point of view. The Pope, who was once a nuncio in Poland and a friend of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, undoubtedly influenced the content of an international agreement reached after lengthy negotiations between the Holy See and the Polish Republic in 1925. Brachium seculare, the state’s financial assistance, the influance of state authorities on the casting of church positions or article VIII, under which the priests celebrating the liturgy on the national holiday on May 3 had to pray „for the welfare of the Republic and its president”, are just something more than a signum temporis.


1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479
Author(s):  
James Chukwuma Okoye

In the new context of mission, all have bread to give and to receive. Mission becomes a “mutual exchange of energies” ( AG:19) among churches and groups. The growth of missionary consciousness in the “Third Church” is outlined, and the possible contribution of this church, particularly the church of Africa, is detailed. For the first time in centuries, the gospel is being transmitted without its Western cultural embodiment, making more urgent the demand that the church become truly catholic, identified with no particular culture. The heart of mission is shown to be a humble and transforming dialogue of experiences of God and the Christ.


2021 ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
Vladislav Puzovic

There are 19 unpublished letters written by latter bishop of Zica Jefrem Bojovic, preserved in The Manuscripts Department of The Russian State Library of Moscow. These letters, addressed to Nil Alexandrovich Popov, are part of a personal collection of this famous Russian scholar in the field of history and Slavic literature. Letters from this collection were written from 1874 until 1886, while Bojovic was a student at The Moscow Spiritual Academy and a professor in the Seminary of Belgrade. These letters are a great source for Bishop Jefrem?s biography, especially for understanding his relationships with Russia. They witness a sincere friendship with Popov, one of the most prominent people in relations between Serbs and Russians, during the second half of the 19th century. These letters are important in order to understand Bojovic?s point of view, regarding the issues of Serbian social, political and church life in the 9th decade of the 19th century. Serbian Government led Pro-Austrian politics during that period of time, which affected relationships within Serbian Church and society. The most significant consequence was an uncanonical replacement of the Serbian Metropolitan Mihailo (Jovanovic) and his hierarchy. Bojovic was the first source witness of these events, who was actively supporting Metropolitan Mihailo. During his studies in Russia, Jefrem Bojovic became a true lover of Slavs, which formed his further views. The mentioned documents were analyzed in this study for the first time, and they will hopefully enrich the biography of Jefrem Bojovic. This study should help us to understand better the occasions within the church, society and politics in Serbia during the ninth decade of the 19th century.


1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Vorster

The acceptance of the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa must be seen as a historical event. For the first time in its history this country is governed by a widely accepted democratic Constitution. The chapter on fundamental rights is also a new contribution to government in South-Africa. Although the final draft of the Constitution was endorsed by the vast majority of political parties and communities, criticism from various groups was also heard. This article is an attempt to evaluate the Constitution from a Reformed theological-ethical point of view. Attention is paid to the principles of justice, order and religious freedom, and the way in which these principles manifest in the Constitution. The task of the Church in the promotion of a culture of democracy and human rights is also emphasised.


Author(s):  
Veronika Zinchenko

Relevance of the study. Maxim Shalygin’s ballet “Hopper” is for the first time explored both from the point of view of its genre and intonation specifics, and in terms of interspecific connections with the painting by American artist Edward Hopper “Morning Sun”. The author’s methods of interspecific literary translation of E. Hopper’s style are revealed by immanently intonation means. The expediency of using the definition of intermedial interpretation, which is a kind of interpretation by composer of a work of a related art form by means of interspecific literary translation, has been substantiated. The relevance of the study is due to the first scientific appeal to the ballet work of the Ukrainian-Dutch composer Maksim Shalygin (1985) in the context of an intermedia composer’s interspecific. An analytical study of M. Shalygin’s ballet "Hopper" with an emphasis on identifying the specifics of the transplantation of E. Hopper’s style into the genre-intonational essence of ballet provides the innovative status of the presented study. The main objective of the study is to reveal the interpretational specifics of M. Shalygin’s ballet “Hopper” in the aspect of intermedial interpretation. Based on the study of the artistic style of E. Hopper (in particular, his painting “Morning Sun”), the features of the composer’s work on the “translation” and transplantation of the artist’s style into the immanent-musical plane (the model of “pictorial music”) are investigated. The following research methods are adapted in the work: the comparative method (to compare the genre features of M. Shalygin’s ballet and E. Hopper’s painting), the method of genre-intonation analysis — to highlight the immanently musical specifics of ballet; the method of theoretical generalization — for understanding the tendencies of the composer’s work in the intermedial space. Results. In the course of the research, it was found that M. Shalygin, who displays a tendency to-wards intermedial artistic thinking in his work, creates in the ballet “Hopper” an interpretation and sound commentary on the painting by E. Hopper. An important feature of the ballet is the process of transformation at all levels of genre-intonation organization. It is a partial rethinking of the themes of his already existing work “Duet” with the transformation of a non-ballet work into a ballet one proper, and, if we take into account the author’s title of the work “Serenade”, a transformation of the serenade`s genre, which in the process of development loses its real genre coordinates, and, occurrence intonational “transformers” from two ballet themes, each of which represents the main features of E. Hopper’s work (clarity of lines, playing with the light’s).In the process of intermedial interpretation, the phenomenon of “musical painting” is born, which realizes the artistic translation of the American artist’s style by means of music. Thanks to finding musical and intonational equivalents to the main stylistic features of the artist (clear geometric lines, playing with light, the imaginative system of loneliness and alienation) M. Shalygin manages to create a picturesque picture by intonation means.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Heyne

AbstractAlthough visual culture of the 21th century increasingly focuses on representation of death and dying, contemporary discourses still lack a language of death adequate to the event shown by pictures and visual images from an outside point of view. Following this observation, this article suggests a re-reading of 20th century author Elias Canetti. His lifelong notes have been edited and published posthumously for the first time in 2014. Thanks to this edition Canetti's short texts and aphorisms can be focused as a textual laboratory in which he tries to model a language of death on experimental practices of natural sciences. The miniature series of experiments address the problem of death, not representable in discourses of cultural studies, system theory or history of knowledge, and in doing so, Canetti creates liminal texts at the margins of western concepts of (human) life, science and established textual form.


Author(s):  
Caroline Durand

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.


2019 ◽  
pp. 256-281
Author(s):  
E.M. Kopot`

The article brings up an obscure episode in the rivalry of the Orthodox and Melkite communities in Syria in the late 19th century. In order to strengthen their superiority over the Orthodox, the Uniates attempted to seize the church of St. George in Izraa, one of the oldest Christian temples in the region. To the Orthodox community it presented a threat coming from a wealthier enemy backed up by the See of Rome and the French embassy. The only ally the Antioch Patriarchate could lean on for support in the fight for its identity was the Russian Empire, a traditional protector of the Orthodox Arabs in the Middle East. The documents from the Foreign Affairs Archive of the Russian Empire, introduced to the scientific usage for the first time, present a unique opportunity to delve into the history of this conflict involving the higher officials of the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian embassy in ConstantinopleВ статье рассматривается малоизвестный эпизод соперничества православной и Мелкитской общин в Сирии в конце XIX века. Чтобы укрепить свое превосходство над православными, униаты предприняли попытку захватить церковь Святого Георгия в Израа, один из старейших христианских храмов в регионе. Для православной общины он представлял угрозу, исходящую от более богатого врага, поддерживаемого Римским престолом и французским посольством. Единственным союзником, на которого Антиохийский патриархат мог опереться в борьбе за свою идентичность, была Российская Империя, традиционный защитник православных арабов на Ближнем Востоке. Документы из архива иностранных дел Российской Империи, введены в научный оборот впервые, уникальная возможность углубиться в историю этого конфликта с участием высших должностных лиц в Османской империи, а также российского посольства в Константинополе.


Author(s):  
Mariia Helytovych

The article contains an analysis of the iconostasis of the Assumption of Mary Church located in the vil. Nakonechne (Yavoriv district, Lviv region), which represents the most fully preserved iconostasis ensemble of the XVI century. For the first time, its reconstruction was completed taking into account all saved icons. The article deals with stylistic, iconographic and artistic features of this ensemble, as well as its connection with other iconostases of that time. More precisely, the dating of the monument is argued. In the article, the author suggests to consider an ensemble from Nakonechne as a phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian icon painting, which reflected the most characteristic tendencies that took place in the painting of the second half of the XVI century. The author traces his influence on the iconography of the end of the XVI – the beginning of the XVII century


1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soňa Přádná ◽  
Dušan Papoušek ◽  
Jyrki Kauppinen ◽  
Sergei P. Belov ◽  
Andrei F. Krupnov ◽  
...  

Fourier transform spectra of the ν2 band of PH3 have been remeasured with 0.0045 cm-1 resolution. Ground state combination differences from these data have been fitted simultaneously with the microwave and submillimeterwave data to determine the ground state spectroscopical parameters of PH3 including the parameters of the Δk = ± 3n interactions. The correlation between the latter parameters has been discussed from the point of view of the existence of two equivalent effective rotational operators which are related by a unitary transformation. The ΔJ = 0, +1, ΔK = 0 (A1 ↔ A2, E ↔ E) rotational transitions in the ν2 and ν4 states have been measured for the first time by using a microwave spectrometer and a radiofrequency spectrometer with acoustic detection.


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