Intermarriage in colonial Malaya and Singapore: A case study of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Roman Catholic and Methodist Asian communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rerceretnam
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Divide And Rule ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Generation Migrant

Colonial race relations are regularly portrayed in light of the attempts to divide and rule colonialised Asian communities. While this article does not challenge this view, it attempts to uncover a hitherto hidden level of interaction and even intermarriage at the grassroots level in colonial Malaya and Singapore. With the exception of the various Peranakan communities that predated British rule, little to no evidence exists to show that interaction and especially intermarriage existed within early first- and second-generation migrant communities during the British colonial period. The findings show how colonial attempts to encourage a heightened sense of race and its frailties may have fallen short among some sections of the Asian community.

The structure of British official attitudes: colonial Mauritius, 1883–1968

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1011
Author(s):  
Kenneth Ballhatchet
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Indian Community ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Divide And Rule ◽  
Colonial Office

ABSTRACTThis article seeks to demonstrate the structure of attitudes in British colonial officialdom through a case study of Mauritius from the governorship of Sir John Pope Hennessy to decolonization. It suggests that officials consistently saw Mauritians as a whole as ‘the Others’, while seeking both to divide and rule them – into an émigré French elite left over from the French colonial period at the time of British conquest (1810), a Creole community, and an Indian community – without assimilating them; and to suspect each in turn of disloyalty and treachery. By a grim irony, many of the governors and their officials were suspected by the colonial office of joining the Others. This is thus a story of an adaptable imperial paranoia.

British Rule and Tribal Revolts in India: The curious case of Bastar

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1619-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY VERGHESE
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Princely State ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Colonial Policies

AbstractBritish colonial rule in India precipitated a period of intense rebellion among the country's indigenous groups. Most tribal conflicts occurred in the British provinces, and many historians have documented how a host of colonial policies gave rise to widespread rural unrest and violence. In the post-independence period, many of the colonial-era policies that had caused revolt were not reformed, and tribal conflict continued in the form of the Naxalite insurgency. This article considers why the princely state of Bastar has continuously been a major centre of tribal conflict in India. Why has this small and remote kingdom, which never came under direct British rule, suffered so much bloodshed? Using extensive archival material, this article highlights two key findings: first, that Bastar experienced high levels of British intervention during the colonial period, which constituted the primary cause of tribal violence in the state; and second, that the post-independence Indian government has not reformed colonial policies in this region, ensuring a continuation and escalation of tribal conflict through the modern Naxalite movement.

scholarly journals Combining historical maps and censuses of Cyprus from the sixteenth to the twentieth century: A geospatial approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Antonis Hadjikyriacou ◽  
Evangelos Papadias ◽  
Christoforos Vradis ◽  
Christos Chalkias
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Production Economic ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Ongoing Project

Abstract. The paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing project that combines historical cartographic and economic sources on Cyprus through the employment of geospatial analysis. The main sources are: the 1883 trigonometrical survey of the island by Horatio Herbert Kitchener; the 1572 fiscal survey and 1832/33 property survey by the Ottomans; and the 1931 British agricultural census. The Ottoman and British censuses, different though they are and separated by three and a half centuries, provide vital information on production, economic activity, population, and toponymy. The project correlates this data with the detailed recording of topographical, hydrological, and land use features of the Kitchener map, which constitutes an extremely close depiction of Ottoman conditions given that the transformation of the countryside witnessed during the British colonial period was not yet initiated. This allows the identification of certain constants in the Cypriot environment and landscape. The paper presents the interdisciplinary methodological challenges the project has encountered and proposes a framework for the combination of these different datasets and their analysis in order to better record and understand certain long-term patterns in the Cypriot economy, environment and landscape. It uses viticulture as a case study for the visualisation of data to determine the spatial distribution of vines in the historical long term. Finally, the paper situates its conclusions within broader historiographical discussions on the historical development of viticulture in the Mediterranean.

(In)visibility and the Process of Public Theology

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Eric Stoddart
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Public Theology ◽  
Substantive Content ◽  
Catholic Bishop ◽  
Recent Statement ◽  
Narrative Context ◽  
Analytical Device

Abstract In this article the notion of (in)visibility as a skill and an analytical device is brought into the field of public theology, and, using political and sociological insights from Andrea Brighenti and Pierre Bourdieu, a theoretical basis is established. Further, a liturgical and eschatological hermeneutic is applied to relativize (in)visibility and to locate its development as a skill in a Christian narrative context. The article argues that (in)visibility offers a complementary paradigm to the auditory that otherwise attends predominantly to the substantive content of public theological interventions; hence, it contends, the process and consequences for others (not necessarily acting as public theologians) are to be encompassed in a model of public theology. In addition, a case study on a recent statement by a Roman Catholic bishop in Scotland is presented.

scholarly journals “A point that escapes Darwin”: Crises of colonial self in the nature essays of Edward Hamilton Aitken and Philip Robinson

2021 ◽  
pp. 002198942110328
Author(s):  
Jason Sandhar
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Psychic Life ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The Everyday

This article shows how the colonial nature essay both spoofs and affirms crises of the European self in British India’s post-Rebellion era (1857–1947). Authored by English civil servants who took to naturalism as a hobby, the nature essay’s exaggerated misadventures with quotidian animals such as ants, beetles, and mosquitos parody British accounts of the 1857 Rebellion, while dehumanizing caricatures of uncooperative servants reduce Indian society’s complex hierarchies of class, caste, gender, and race to buffoonery. Taking as a case study two of the genre’s exemplars, Edward Hamilton Aitken and Philip Robinson, I read the colonized animals and people in these texts as agents who destabilize the material and psychic life of empire. Historians and postcolonialists agree that censorship, paranoia, and violence defined British rule over India between 1857 and 1947, yet they overlook the everyday life of empire. The nature essay’s peculiar synthesis of humour and science grants surprising insights into how colonial agents understood themselves as Raj hegemony shifted into its final stages. As the nature essay’s colonized people and animals thwart the daily work of empire, they also reveal the colonial class’ failure to confront its anxieties about the sahib’s political and epistemic stability as a rational, post-Enlightenment agent destined to master the colony.

scholarly journals ETHNIC RELATIONS IN MULTI-ETHNIC MALAYSIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Naureen Nazar Soomro ◽  
Aslam Pervez Memon ◽  
Aslam Pervez Memon
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Multiethnic States ◽  
Divide And Rule ◽  
Professional Fields ◽  
The Way

Abstract The Malaysian society, one of the successful and managed multi-ethnic societies, is replete of imbalances and there still underlie the racial and ethnic disproportions in geographical dwellings, educational and professional fields, and economic and political roles. The modern racial relation in Malaysia is the legacy of pre-colonial and colonial period of history dating back to fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The unstable demographic balance, the unrestricted immigration policy or the policy of divide and rule by the colonial masters contributed besides other reasons toward the troubled relations between ethnic communities of Malaysia- Malays, Chinese, Indians, and others. But the way the respective Malaysian governments have managed such sour relationship in their socio-economic and political spheres is the lesson that all multiethnic states can learn from.

RETAIL ISLAMIC FINANCIAL SERVICES IN NORTH AMERICA: THE (UPPER) MICHIGAN CONNECTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450010
Author(s):  
BRIAN ARTHUR ZINSER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Services Marketing ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Services Marketing ◽  
Ann Arbor

The purpose of this paper is to explore how a small remote Midwestern bank reformulated itself into a major marketer of retail Islamic financial services in the United States and influenced Islamic financial services marketing in North America. The paper is based on a review of existing literature and a case study of how University Bank, now based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, has become the leading provider of Islamic financial services in the United States. University Bank whose principals are Roman Catholic identified the Muslim market in Southeast Michigan as measurable, differentiable, accessible and substantial. As part of the Bank's reformulation strategy it has successfully executed a strategic plan to capture this growing market in the United States and North America. The paper draws attention to the often ignored attractiveness of the Muslim market in North America as well as highlights how a small, nimble organization has been able to capitalize on using Muslims as a market segmentation variable.

Resisting Colonial Gendering while Domesticating the Empire

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-88
Author(s):  
Annamaria Motrescu-Mayes ◽  
Heather Norris Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Visual Literacy ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Visual Narrative ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Overseas Travel ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Racial Hierarchies

This chapter examines how colonial women amateur filmmakers often documented in detail their early and mid-twentieth century overseas travel and settlement experiences, jobs, sports and private and official events. Relying on cross-archival primary sources, it discusses the filmmakers’ simultaneous roles as vectors of colonising credos and commodified subalterns of imperial paternalism. It explores the historical discourse present across several colonial amateur films made by British women in South Asia, Africa, Papua New Guinea, and the Middle East between 1920s and 1940s. It also considers gender and racial hierarchies as shaped by imperial rule while confirmed or challenged by the filmmakers' prevailing perceptions of cinematic vocabulary and practice. Although traditionally seen as a predominantly male hobby, amateur filmmaking across the British Empire has been a pastime preferred by women too, almost on par with their male counterparts. It thus becomes possible to speak of a gender-based visual narrative identifiable across British colonial amateur filmmaking, one validated by the thematic choices made by women amateur filmmakers and their shared visual literacy. Finally, the chapter explores the differences and similarities in visual literacy between several amateur films made by British colonial women during the final years of the British rule in India.

“Now is not like before. The world has changed.”

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-57
Author(s):  
Heather D. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Postcolonial State ◽  
The World

“Maasai Education in Cultural and Historical Context,” focuses on how ideas about “being Maasai” and “being educated,” beginning in the colonial period and extending into the formation of the postcolonial state, are dynamic. Schoolgirls, mothers, and teachers see education as a powerful antidote to historically produced ethnic otherness, marginalization, and endemic economic insecurity. Schoolgirls, mothers, and teachers explained that as “the world has changed,” so have Maasai attitudes about education. This chapter historicizes and therefore politicizes contemporary Maasai attitudes about education in the case-study communities, within and against still salient ideas in the Kenyan social imaginary about Maasai as people who “hate” education, by showing how Maasai have come to see themselves as people who “love” education for all children, including girls.

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