Gregorella, a new genus to accommodate Moelleropsis humida and a molecular phylogeny of Arctomiaceae

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Thorsten LUMBSCH ◽  
Ruth del PRADO ◽  
Gintaras KANTVILAS
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Cyanobacterial Lichens

The phylogenetic position of the European crustose pioneer lichen Moelleropsis (Biatora) humida (Kullhem) Coppins & P. M. Jørg. is studied using partial sequences of the mitochondrial SSU and nuclear LSU rDNA of 64 ascomycetes, including sequences of all known species of Arctomiaceae. The analysis places M. humida in the Arctomiaceae with strong support as sister to the Tasmanian genus Wawea. The genus Arctomia is monophyletic and sister-group to the Wawea+Moelleropsis humida clade. The new genus Gregorella is described to accommodate Moelleropsis humida and the new combination Gregorella humida (Kullhem) Lumbsch is proposed. The ontogeny of the ascomata of Gregorella humida is similar to that of other Arctomiaceae, in that the generative tissue is formed on a thallus outgrowth. The Arctomiaceae did not cluster with the bulk of cyanobacterial lichens in the Lecanorales suborder Peltigerineae (or Peltigerales), but is part of Ostropomycetidae. The closest relative of Arctomiaceae could not be identified, since the relationships of major clades within Ostropomycetidae lacked support.

On Putaoa, a new genus of the spider family Pimoidae (Araneae) from China, with a cladistic test of its monophyly and phylogenetic placement

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1792 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO HORMIGA ◽  
LIHONG TU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement

The spider genus Putaoa new genus (Araneae, Pimoidae) is described to place two species of pimoids from China, Putaoa huaping new species (the type species) and P. megacantha (Xu & Li, 2007) new combination. Parsimony analysis of morphological characters provides support for the monophyly of Putaoa and for its sister group relationship to the genus Weintrauboa Hormiga, 2003 and corroborates the monophyly of Pimoidae.

On the phylogeny of the Dytiscidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with emphasis on the morphology of the female reproductive system

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Family ◽  
Character Evidence ◽  
Female Genital System ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Female Genital

AbstractCharacters from adult morphology are analyzed cladistically to infer the phylogeny of the family Dytiscidae. The analysis is based on examination of 233 species of Dytiscidae and several outgroup taxa including members of Noteridae, Amphizoidae, Hygrobiidae and Carabidae. Members of all currently recognized tribes of Dytiscidae are represented except Anisomeriini Brinck, Hydronebriini Guignot and Carabhydrini Watts. Emphasis is placed on identifying informative characters from the female genital system that comprise 34 of the resulting 101 total characters. The consensus of the most parsimonious trees is well resolved and supports recognition of ten subfamilies of Dytiscidae including; Matinae van den Branden, Laccophilinae Gistel, Coptotominae van den Branden, Copelatinae Erichson, Hydroporinae Aubé, Agabinae Thomson, Colymbetinae Erichson, Lancetinae van den Branden and Dytiscinae Leach. Also, Hydrodytes Miller, NEW GENUS, is erected and placed in its own subfamily, Hydrodytinae, NEW SUBFAMILY, to include two species previously placed in Agaporomorphus Zimmermann (Copelatinae), H. opalinus (Zimmermann) (NEW COMBINATION) and H. dodgei (Young) (NEW COMBINATION). Hydrodytinae is sister group to Hydroporinae and is diagnosed by the presence of anterior apodemes on the gonocoxae, several characters of the metendosternite (each synapomorphic with Hydroporinae), lack of pseudotetramerous pro- and mesotarsi, lack of a declivitous prosternum and prosternal process, the scutellum visible with the elytra closed (all plesiomorphic), the rami of the female genitalia sinuate and dorsally with an opalescent sheen (each autapomorphic for Hydrodytinae). Matinae is resolved as the sister group to the remaining Dytiscidae. Hyphydrini Sharp is found to be paraphyletic with respect to Pachydrini Biström, Nilsson and Wewalka, and the latter is relegated to a junior subjective synonym of the former (NEW SYNONYMY). Hydroporini Aubé and Hygrotini Portevin are found to be para- or polyphyletic. No changes are made to the classification of these taxa since character evidence is relatively weak, and taxon sampling within Hydroporinae is inadequate to justify changes. Carabdytes Balke, Hendrich and Wewalka is found to be the sister taxon to the remaining Colymbetinae, and because of its unique combination of characters and phylogenetic placement it is included in its own tribe, Carabdytini Pederzani (RESURRECTED). All other examined tribes of Dytiscidae are monophyletic. The female genitalia are described and figured for numerous taxa across the family, and numerous other characters are described and figured. The evolution of various features of the female genitalia within Dytiscidae is discussed. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis is compared and contrasted with other phylogenetic proposals.

scholarly journals Reclassification of Actinobacillus muris as Muribacter muris gen. nov., comb. nov.

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_10) ◽  
pp. 3344-3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Nicklas ◽  
Magne Bisgaard ◽  
Bent Aalbæk ◽  
Peter Kuhnert ◽  
Henrik Christensen
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Comparisons

To reinvestigate the taxonomy of [Actinobacillus] muris, 474 strains, mainly from mice and rats, were characterized by phenotype and 130 strains selected for genotypic characterization by 16S rRNA and partial rpoB gene sequencing. The type strain was further investigated by whole-genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences showed one monophyletic group with intragroup similarities of 96.7 and 97.2 % for the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes, respectively. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to a taxon with a validly published name outside the group was 95.9 %, to the type strain of [Pasteurella] pneumotropica. The closest related taxon based on rpoB sequence comparison was ‘Haemophilus influenzae-murium’, with 88.4 % similarity. A new genus and a new combination, Muribacter muris gen. nov., comb. nov., are proposed based on a distinct phylogenetic position based on 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequence comparisons, with major divergence from the existing genera of the family Pasteurellaceae. The new genus has the characteristics of [A.] muris with the emendation that acid formation from ( − )-d-mannitol and hydrolysis of aesculin are variable, while the α-glucosidase test is positive. There is no requirement for exogenously supplied NAD (V factor) for the majority of strains investigated; however, one strain was found to require NAD. The major fatty acids of the type strain of Muribacter muris were C14 : 0, C14 : 0 3-OH/iso-C16 : 1 I, C16 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0, which is in line with most genera of the Pasteurellaceae. The type strain of Muribacter muris is CCUG 16938T ( = NCTC 12432T = ATCC 49577T).

scholarly journals Origin and evolution of the Haustoriidae (Amphipoda): A eulogy for the Haustoriidira

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary B. Hancock ◽  
Hiroshi Ogawa ◽  
Jessica E. Light ◽  
Mary K. Wicksten
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Impact Crater ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Recent Attention

ABSTRACTHaustoriid amphipods, despite their ubiquity in coastal sand or mud, have received little recent attention and their systematics and phylogenetics are largely unresolved. Some efforts have been made at classifying the family within the broader Amphipoda, but there is persistent incongruence in its placement among different authors and techniques. Furthermore, there exists no phylogenetic hypothesis of intrafamilial relationships despite the potential for rich biogeographic information to be gained given the specific habitat requirements of haustoriids and their limited dispersal abilities. In this work, we evaluate the competing hypotheses on the phylogenetic position of the Haustoriidae within Amphipoda by examining new and previously published sequences of nearly 100 species across 38 families. We find strong support for the Haustoriidae as basal gammarids, and that other families placed within the parvorder “Haustoriidira” are spread across Amphipoda. The radiation began during the Eocene and may have been driven in North America by the rapid filling of a coastal niche opened by the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. Unlike previous work, we find that the Pacific-endemic genus Eohaustorius is the most basal haustoriid, and that it separated from the rest of the family ~31 Mya. Finally, based on ancestral reconstructions, we provide taxonomic recommendations for relationships within Haustoriidae, including the elevation of a new genus, Cryptohaustorius. We conclude by recommending that the “Haustoriidira” be abandoned.

An extraordinary new genus and three new species of Acostemmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Madagascar with comments on the morphology and classification of the tribe

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3209 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. ZAHNISER ◽  
M. W. NIELSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Speci Mens ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time

The circumscription and morphological characterization of the deltocephaline tribe Acostemmini is revised based on dis-coveries of new and poorly known taxa from recent collections in Madagascar and from examination of the type speci-mens of Alocoelidia fulva Evans, Iturnoria insulana Evans, and Protonesis delegorguei Spinola. Alocoelidia Evans 1954,Caelidioides Signoret 1880, Iturnoria Evans 1954, and Protonesis Spinola 1850 were previously placed in Coelidiinaebut were later removed from the subfamily and until now have been unplaced to subfamily are placed here in Deltocepha-linae: Acostemmini, new placement. A new genus and species, Ikelibeloha cristata gen. n., sp. n., are described that havean unusually modified structure of the head and a large, crested pronotum. Molecular data (28S, Histone H3 genes) wereobtained for Ikelibeloha and Iturnoria, and analyzed with other members of Deltocephalinae. Results of the phylogeneticanalyses show strong support for the monophyletic clade ((Acostemma, Eryapus), (Ikelibeloha, Iturnoria)) and thus a re-lationship between previously described Acostemmini, Ikelibeloha, and Iturnoria has strong statistical support, and aclose relationship is inferred between these and the morphologically similar Alocoelidia, Caelidioides, and Protonesis.Two new species of Alocoelidia, A. maurae sp. n. and A. chasei sp. n. are described, and the genus is redescribed. Themale genitalia of Caelidioides tristis (Signoret), Iturnoria insulana, Alocoelidia fulva, and Acostemella rubra Evans areillustrated and described for the first time. The female genitalia of A. fulva, C. tristis and I. insulana are described and thefirst and second valvulae of C. tristis are illustrated. The habitus and face of Protonesis delegorguei are illustrated and thegenus is redescribed. The characters traditionally used to define Acostemmini are reviewed with notes on their known de-grees of variation, and characters that differentiate Acostemmini from the closely related tribe Stegelytrini are discussed.The type of Malagasiella minima Evans was also examined, and Malagasiella Evans, 1954 is considered a junior syn-onym of Doratulina Melichar, 1903 (Deltocephalinae: Stenometopiini), syn. n. giving the new combination Doratulina minima (Evans) comb. n.

scholarly journals Pindara revisited – evolution and generic limits in Helvellaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hansen ◽  
T. Schumacher ◽  
I. Skrede ◽  
S. Huhtinen ◽  
X.-H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Characters

The Helvellaceae encompasses taxa that produce some of the most elaborate apothecial forms, as well as hypogeous ascomata, in the class Pezizomycetes (Ascomycota). While the circumscription of the Helvellaceae is clarified, evolutionary relationships and generic limits within the family are debatable. A robust phylogeny of the Helvellaceae, using an increased number of molecular characters from the LSU rDNA, RPB2 and EF-1α gene regions (4 299 bp) and a wide representative sampling, is presented here. Helvella s.lat. was shown to be polyphyletic, because Helvella aestivalis formed a distant monophyletic group with hypogeous species of Balsamia and Barssia. All other species of Helvella formed a large group with the enigmatic Pindara (/Helvella) terrestris nested within it. The ear-shaped Wynnella constitutes an independent lineage and is recognised with the earlier name Midotis. The clade of the hypogeous Balsamia and Barssia, and H. aestivalis is coherent in the three-gene phylogeny, and considering the lack of phenotypic characters to distinguish Barssia from Balsamia we combine species of Barssia, along with H. aestivalis, in Balsamia. The closed/tuberiform, sparassoid H. astieri is shown to be a synonym of H. lactea; it is merely an incidental folded form of the saddle-shaped H. lactea. Pindara is a sister group to a restricted Helvella, i.e., excluding the /leucomelaena lineage, on a notably long branch. We recognise Pindara as a separate genus and erect a new genus Dissingia for the /leucomelaena lineage, viz. H. confusa, H. crassitunicata, H. leucomelaena and H. oblongispora. Dissingia is supported by asci that arise from simple septa; all other species of Helvellaceae have asci that arise from croziers, with one exception being the /alpina-corium lineage of Helvella s. str. This suggests ascus development from croziers is the ancestral state for the Helvellaceae and that ascus development from simple septa has evolved at least twice in the family. Our phylogeny does not determine the evolutionary relationships within Helvella s.str., but it is most parsimonious to infer that the ancestor of the helvelloids produced subsessile or shortly stipitate, cup-shaped apothecia. This shape has been maintained in some lineages of Helvella s.str. The type species of Underwoodia, Underwoodia columnaris, is a sister lineage to the rest of the Helvellaceae.

Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2603 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. TERRY CHESSER ◽  
CAROL K. L. YEUNG ◽  
CHENG-TE YAO ◽  
XIU-HUA TIAN ◽  
SHOU-HSIEN LI
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Limited Sampling

Spoonbills (genus Platalea) are a small group of wading birds, generally considered to constitute the subfamily Plataleinae (Aves: Threskiornithidae). We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among the six species of spoonbills using variation in sequences of the mitochondrial genes ND2 and cytochrome b (total 1796 bp). Topologies of phylogenetic trees reconstructed using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian analyses were virtually identical and supported monophyly of the spoonbills. Most relationships within Platalea received strong support: P. minor and P. regia were closely related sister species, P. leucorodia was sister to the minor-regia clade, and P. alba was sister to the minor-regia-leucorodia clade. Relationships of P. flavipes and P. ajaja were less well resolved: these species either formed a clade that was sister to the four-species clade, or were successive sisters to this clade. This phylogeny is consistent with ideas of relatedness derived from spoonbill morphology. Our limited sampling of the Threskiornithinae (ibises), the putative sister group to the spoonbills, indicated that this group is paraphyletic, in agreement with previous molecular data; this suggests that separation of the Threskiornithidae into subfamilies Plataleinae and Threskiornithinae may not be warranted.

Asiorrhina, a new Oriental genus of Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) and its phylogenetic position

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2295 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR BLAGODEROV ◽  
HEIKKI HIPPA ◽  
JAN ŠEVČÍK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
A New Species

A new genus of Lygistorrhinidae, Asiorrhina gen. n., and a new species, Asiorrhina parasiatica sp. n., are described. Asiorrhina asiatica (Senior-White) comb. n. is redescribed and selected as the type species for the new genus. The systematic position of the new genus is discussed. All recent taxa of Lygistorrhinidae form a monophyletic group with the fossil genus Palaeognoriste Meunier as the sister group.

A new mirine plant bug genus (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Mirini), with two confirmed species from Nepal and Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohide Yasunaga
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Phylogenetic Position

A new mirine plant bug genus Gotoshinomiris is proposed to accommodate two Asian representatives, G. formosacolus, herein described from Taiwan as new to science, and G. ptilophallus (Yasunaga & Duwal) known from Nepal and transferred from Mahania Poppius as a new combination. This intriguing new genus, at first reminiscent of Mahania, appears most closely related to Orientocapsus Yasunaga & Schwartz based on the genitalic structures. A hypothesis is presented that places Gotoshinomiris in an intermediate phylogenetic position between the Orientocapsus lineage (including Philostephanus Distant) and the Mahania lineage (with Castanopsides Yasunaga and Liocapsus Poppius). A key is provided to aid in identification of the six related genera.

Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeogene ziphodont eusuchians and the status ofPristichampsusGervais, 1853

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 521-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group A

ABSTRACTEusuchians with deep snouts and labiolingually compressed teeth are known from the Palaeogene of Laurasia. These are usually referred to Pristichampsinae, but the type species,Pristichampsus rollinati, is based on insufficiently diagnostic material and should be treated as a nomen dubium. At least two Lutetian species formerly referred toPristichampsuscan be recognised –Boverisuchus magnifronsin Germany and possibly elsewhere in Europe, andBoverisuchus vorax, new combination, in western North America. Material from the middle Eocene of Italy and Texas may represent distinct species. A phylogenetic analysis confirms their close relationship and also supports a relationship with two Asian forms – early EocenePlanocrania datangensisand PalaeocenePlanocrania hengdongensis. The name Planocraniidae Li 1976 is applied to this group. A distinctive quadrate with a prominent dorsal peak between medial and lateral hemicondyles is known only inBoverisuchus, and although the teeth ofPlanocraniaare flattened, they are not serrated. Planocraniids maintain a phylogenetic position as the sister group to Crocodyloidea+Alligatoroidea, but this part of the tree is unstable and discovery of older, more primitive planocraniids will help resolve conflicts on the phylogenetic relationships of extant crocodylian lineages.

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