Ecology and distribution of Dermatocarpon (Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota) in the catchment areas of two Bulgarian rivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veselin V. SHIVAROV ◽  
Cvetomir M. DENCHEV ◽  
Holger THÜS
Keyword(s):  
Colony Size ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractTemperature preferences and small-scale distribution patterns of four Dermatocarpon taxa in the catchment areas of two Bulgarian rivers were analyzed. Taxa with an overall alpine or arctic-alpine distribution were restricted to microhabitats with the lowest water and rock surface temperatures. A trend for increasing Dermatocarpon rivulorum thallus diameter and colony size (aggregates of thalli) with decreasing temperature was identified. Data on pH and conductivity of the water for the study sites are provided for all taxa. Dermatocarpon arnoldianum is reported for the first time from Bulgaria, confirmed by ITS sequence data, and its known range extends to South-East Europe. All previous records of D. rivulorum from Bulgaria were based on misidentified specimens of D. arnoldianum. Freshwater taxa of Dermatocarpon are proposed as a tool for monitoring the biological effects of temperature changes due to global climate change. Thallus and colony size are recommended as additional features for monitoring populations of threatened Dermatocarpon species.

Patterns of abundance and size of Dictyoceratid sponges among neighbouring islands in central Torres Strait, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Duckworth ◽  
Carsten W. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Dysidea Herbacea ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Species Specific

Distribution and size frequency patterns of sessile organisms such as sponges may vary among and within neighbouring reefs. In the present study, we examined small-scale variation of dictyoceratid sponges (class Demospongiae), commonly found on coral reefs, by surveying six neighbouring islands in central Torres Strait. Each island had four study sites, at least 1 km apart, with each site consisting of three shallow (4 to 6 m) and three deep (10 to 15 m) 20 m2 transects. For each transect, we recorded the number of each species and measured the size of the more common dictyoceratid sponges. Seven species of dictyoceratid were recorded in central Torres Strait, with only three species, Coscinoderma sp., Dysidea herbacea and Hyrtios erecta, common to all six islands. Abundance patterns generally varied greatly among islands or sites within islands, perhaps resulting from a combination of physical, biological and stochastic factors. More dictyoceratids were found in deeper water; however, abundance across depth for some species varied among islands or sites. Size-frequency distribution patterns also varied greatly among islands and dictyoceratid species, indicating that factors that may promote growth for one species may not necessarily promote growth for a related species. This study shows that patterns of abundance and size of dictyoceratids can vary greatly over small spatial scales, and that patterns are species-specific.

scholarly journals THE PROVISION ON SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEM SERVICES TO SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES ACTIVITY IN EASTERN COASTAL OF BINTAN ISLAND, RIAU ISLANDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
M. Nur Arkham
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystem ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Index Value

The seagrass ecosystem has the same role as other ecosystem in improving coastal community fishery business. The purpose of this study is to assess the provision of seagrass ecosystem services to small fishing activities in the study sites. The research was conducted in Malang Village Meeting and Berakit from September to November 2014. Spatial distribution of fish species resources and small fishing catchment areas at study sites were located near the coast in each study village. The activity of catching small fishermen by utilizing the existence of seagrass ecosystem is reflected from the resources of fish species that are obtained and marketed to meet their needs. Fish community structure associated with seagrass from small fisherman catch in Malang Village Meeting based on index value of diversity (H ') and uniformity (E) of 2.58 and 0.93 higher than that of Desa Berakit that is 1.77 and 0.65. This value indicates that the keaganagaman in Malang Village is Medium and the community is in stable condition. While in the village of Berakit shows low diversity and community in unstable conditions. While the value of dominance index (C) of each village is low with the value of each village of 0.09 and 0.31. Keywords: seagrass ecosystem services, small-scale fisheries, and Eastern Coastal of Bintan

scholarly journals The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Robin Gutting ◽  
Ralf-Uwe Syrbe ◽  
Karsten Grunewald ◽  
Ulf Mehlig ◽  
Véronique Helfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
North Brazil ◽  
Species Specific

Mangrove forests provide a large variety of ecosystem services (ES) to coastal societies. Using a case study focusing on the Ajuruteua peninsula in Northern Brazil and two ES, food provisioning (ES1) and global climate regulation (ES2), this paper proposes a new framework for quantifying and valuing mangrove ES and allow for their small-scale mapping. We modelled and spatialised the two ES from different perspectives, the demand (ES1) and the supply (ES2) side respectively. This was performed by combining worldwide databases related to the global human population (ES1) or mangrove distribution and canopy height (ES2) with locally derived parameters, such as crab catches (ES1) or species-specific allometric equations based on local estimates of tree structural parameters (ES2). Based on this approach, we could estimate that the area delivers the basic nutrition of about 1400 households, which equals 2.7 million USD, and that the mangrove biomass in the area contains 2.1 million Mg C, amounting to 50.9 million USD, if it were paid as certificates. In addition to those figures, we provide high-resolution maps showing which areas are more valuable for the two respective ES, information that could help inform management strategies in the future.

scholarly journals Climate SPHINX: evaluating the impact of resolution and stochastic physics parameterisations in the EC-Earth global climate model

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1383-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Davini ◽  
Jost von Hardenberg ◽  
Susanna Corti ◽  
Hannah M. Christensen ◽  
Stephan Juricke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stochastic Physics

Abstract. The Climate SPHINX (Stochastic Physics HIgh resolutioN eXperiments) project is a comprehensive set of ensemble simulations aimed at evaluating the sensitivity of present and future climate to model resolution and stochastic parameterisation. The EC-Earth Earth system model is used to explore the impact of stochastic physics in a large ensemble of 30-year climate integrations at five different atmospheric horizontal resolutions (from 125 up to 16 km). The project includes more than 120 simulations in both a historical scenario (1979–2008) and a climate change projection (2039–2068), together with coupled transient runs (1850–2100). A total of 20.4 million core hours have been used, made available from a single year grant from PRACE (the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe), and close to 1.5 PB of output data have been produced on SuperMUC IBM Petascale System at the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) in Garching, Germany. About 140 TB of post-processed data are stored on the CINECA supercomputing centre archives and are freely accessible to the community thanks to an EUDAT data pilot project. This paper presents the technical and scientific set-up of the experiments, including the details on the forcing used for the simulations performed, defining the SPHINX v1.0 protocol. In addition, an overview of preliminary results is given. An improvement in the simulation of Euro-Atlantic atmospheric blocking following resolution increase is observed. It is also shown that including stochastic parameterisation in the low-resolution runs helps to improve some aspects of the tropical climate – specifically the Madden–Julian Oscillation and the tropical rainfall variability. These findings show the importance of representing the impact of small-scale processes on the large-scale climate variability either explicitly (with high-resolution simulations) or stochastically (in low-resolution simulations).

Small-scale distribution and salinity response of Juniperus virginiana on an Atlantic Coast barrier island

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Martin ◽  
Donald R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Salinity Response

A field and laboratory study examined the hypothesis that the small-scale distribution pattern of Juniperus virginiana on barrier islands is related to salinity patterns and plant responses to salinity. Temporal (May – October) and spatial variability in ground water availability, ground water salinity, and total soil chlorides were quantified across a Virginia barrier island. Groundwater depth and salinity increased throughout the summer; microtopographic position and location on the island also affected soil salinities. Highest salinities occurred near the ocean side beach and bay side marsh, as well as in low lying swales that flood during extreme high tides or storms. Median rooting zone chloride level for J. virginiana was 54 μg/g. In contrast, laboratory germination and growth studies indicated that J. virginiana was significantly affected only at high salinity levels (1000 and 1400 μg/g), suggesting that salinity is not the only factor regulating small-scale distribution patterns. The broad tolerance to salinity may account for the abundance of J. virginiana in coastal environments. Key words: barrier island, eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana, salinity response, water relations.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide adsorption and interaction with formation fluids of Jordanian unconventional reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Samara ◽  
T. V. Ostrowski ◽  
F. Ayad Abdulkareem ◽  
E. Padmanabhan ◽  
P. Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Operating Pressure

AbstractShales are mostly unexploited energy resources. However, the extraction and production of their hydrocarbons require innovative methods. Applications involving carbon dioxide in shales could combine its potential use in oil recovery with its storage in view of its impact on global climate. The success of these approaches highly depends on various mechanisms taking place in the rock pores simultaneously. In this work, properties governing these mechanisms are presented at technically relevant conditions. The pendant and sessile drop methods are utilized to measure interfacial tension and wettability, respectively. The gravimetric method is used to quantify CO2 adsorption capacity of shale and gas adsorption kinetics is evaluated to determine diffusion coefficients. It is found that interfacial properties are strongly affected by the operating pressure. The oil-CO2 interfacial tension shows a decrease from approx. 21 mN/m at 0.1 MPa to around 3 mN/m at 20 MPa. A similar trend is observed in brine-CO2 systems. The diffusion coefficient is observed to slightly increase with pressure at supercritical conditions. Finally, the contact angle is found to be directly related to the gas adsorption at the rock surface: Up to 3.8 wt% of CO2 is adsorbed on the shale surface at 20 MPa and 60 °C where a maximum in contact angle is also found. To the best of the author’s knowledge, the affinity of calcite-rich surfaces toward CO2 adsorption is linked experimentally to the wetting behavior for the first time. The results are discussed in terms of CO2 storage scenarios occurring optimally at 20 MPa.

scholarly journals Zooplankton in seagrass and adjacent non-seagrass habitats in Tun Mustapha Park, Sabah, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Sing Lui Lo ◽  
Tzuen Kiat Yap ◽  
Cheng Ann Chen ◽  
Teruaki Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Seagrass Bed ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Study Sites

A comparison of zooplankton abundance and community in the seagrass and non-seagrass areas of Limau-limauan and Bak- Bak waters within the newly established Tun Mustapha Marine Park was made during 15-17 May 2017. Samples were collected via horizontal tow of a 140 μm plankton net. Environmental variables (temperature, salinity, DO, pH, turbidity) showed no significant differences among the study sites. However, zooplankton showed increasing abundance from non-seagrass, seagrass edge, to seagrass areas at Limau-limauan, while abundance values were comparable among the stations at Bak-bak. Overall zooplankton abundance was significantly higher at the seagrass areas relative to the non-seagrass station at Limau-limauan (p < 0.005), while no statistical difference was found at Bak-Bak (p < 0.21). Mean canopy height was 3-fold higher (p < 0.001) at Limau-limauan than Bak-Bak, suggesting the importance of seagrass bed structural complexity in habitat preference for zooplankton. Cluster analysis revealed the zooplankton community from the seagrass area at Limau-limauan was different from that at seagrass edge and non-seagrass areas, which may be attributed to the influence of seagrass meadows in forming characteristic zooplankton compositions. Marked differences in zooplankton composition and abundance even in close vicinity of sites suggest the importance of local small-scale variations in seagrass habitats in shaping the zooplankton community.

An Evaluation of the Impacts of Discharges from Surface Water Sewer Outfalls

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Payne ◽  
P. D. Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Stream Quality ◽  
Sewer Outfalls ◽  
Receiving Stream ◽  
The Impact

A broad-based approach has been used to assess the impacts of discharges to rivers from 47 surface water severs, with the objective of determining whether such discharges are damaging to stream quality. In order to study as many sites as possible, sampling, laboratory and data analysis techniques were designed to be as simple and rapid as possible. This broad approach was deliberately chosen to contrast with other UK studies in which a small number of sites have been investigated in detail. Three parameters were studied, all of which could reflect the effects of intermittent pollution on stream quality during dry weather. These were the numbers and types of benthic nacroinvertebrates upstream and downstream of the outfalls, the concentrations of metals in algae upstream and downstream of the outfalls, and the concentrations of metals in sediments upstream and downstream of the outfalls. Information relating to the study catchments has been collected from local authorities and by observation at the time of sampling. This information includes catchment areas, land uses and receiving stream quality. Methods used for site selection, sampling, analysis and data interpretation are described. Results show that there is a small but significant fall in biological water quality downstreap of outfalls, but no consistent detectable impact on the concentrations of metals in sediments or algae. The biological effects are compared with the catchment characteristics to identify the factors governing the impact, and upstream water quality is found to be an important factor. Other factors influencing the impact are sewered catchment area and land use.

scholarly journals In situ observations show vertical community structure of pelagic fauna in the eastern tropical North Atlantic off Cape Verde

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. T. Hoving ◽  
P. Neitzel ◽  
H. Hauss ◽  
S. Christiansen ◽  
R. Kiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Tropical North Atlantic ◽  
Minimum Zone

AbstractDistribution patterns of fragile gelatinous fauna in the open ocean remain scarcely documented. Using epi-and mesopelagic video transects in the eastern tropical North Atlantic, which features a mild but intensifying midwater oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), we established one of the first regional observations of diversity and abundance of large gelatinous zooplankton. We quantified the day and night vertical distribution of 46 taxa in relation to environmental conditions. While distribution may be driven by multiple factors, abundance peaks of individual taxa were observed in the OMZ core, both above and below the OMZ, only above, or only below the OMZ whereas some taxa did not have an obvious distribution pattern. In the eastern eropical North Atlantic, OMZ expansion in the course of global climate change may detrimentally impact taxa that avoid low oxygen concentrations (Beroe, doliolids), but favour taxa that occur in the OMZ (Lilyopsis, phaeodarians, Cydippida, Colobonema, Haliscera conica and Halitrephes) as their habitat volume might increase. While future efforts need to focus on physiology and taxonomy of pelagic fauna in the study region, our study presents biodiversity and distribution data for the regional epi- and mesopelagic zones of Cape Verde providing a regional baseline to monitor how climate change may impact the largest habitat on the planet, the deep pelagic realm.

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