scholarly journals The feeding and condition of plaice larvae in good and bad plankton patches

1957 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Shelbourne
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Patch ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Transition Stage ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Good Food

In January and March, during the 1955 plaice spawning season, plankton samples were collected with a Heligoland larva net at stations on a grid around a floating radio buoy in the southern North Sea. There was a decided scarcity of suitable food for plaice larvae in the January patch, and this famine was reflected in the deteriorating physical condition of those larvae caught at the transition stage of development, when yolk reserves were becoming exhausted and an adequate external food supply essential. By March, the spring plankton outburst was in full swing. The condition of transitional larvae improved in this good food patch. Feeding started about the mid-yolk phase, mainly on plants. By the time most of the yolk had been resorbed, the appendicularians Oikopleura and Fritillaria had become the principal food items, and remained so throughout pelagic larval life.

scholarly journals Ghanaians Might Be at Risk of Inadequate Dietary Intake of Potassium

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oscar Yawson ◽  
Michael Osei Adu ◽  
Benjamin Ason ◽  
Frederick Ato Armah ◽  
Emmanuel Boateng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Inadequate Dietary Intake

Adequate dietary intake of potassium (K) helps fight noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), mainly hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This paper (i) estimated the K intake of Ghanaian population using food supply and food composition data and (ii) compared this estimate with the WHO recommended requirement for K in order to assess if there is a risk of inadequate K intake. Food supply data (1961–2011) was obtained from the FAO Food Balance Sheet (FBS) to derive trends in food and K supply. The average food supply in the FBS for 2010 and 2011 was used in assessing the risk of inadequate dietary intake of K. The K contents of the food items were obtained from food composition databases. The mean K supply per capita per day was approximately 856 mg. The assessment suggests a potentially large risk of inadequate dietary K supply at both individual and population levels. The results suggest the need for assessing options for managing K deficiency, including assessment of K supplying power of soils and K fertilizer management in food crop production systems, as well as empirical estimates of K content of food items (including those underreported in the FBS) and mixed diets in Ghana.

The Feeding of Plaice and Sand-Eel Larvae in the Southern North Sea

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Ryland
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Food Reserve ◽  
Southern Bight ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
Impact On Survival

Larvae of the sand-eel,Ammodytes marinus, appear in large numbers in the Southern Bight during March, some 2–4 weeks after the peak hatching period of plaice eggs. The sand-eel larvae outnumber those of the plaice about tenfold, but the factor may be 60 or more locally.The principal food components in sand-eel guts in 1961 were copepod nauplii and appendicularians, while plaice were feeding almost exclusively on the latter. Larvae of both species show identical feeding patterns, with activity ceasing at night, and both aggregate during the day at depths of about 2–6 fm. Thus the sand-eel larvae are not separated from the plaice larvae by any pattern of behaviour, and are partially exploiting the same food reserve.Consideration of prey size suggests that any direct competition from the larval sand-eels would first affect the smallest plaice larvae, which are in any case the most vulnerable to shortage of food. But any reduction in the crop of small appendicularians will later be reflected in the number of larger ones, and in this way older plaice larvae might be affected. While the food supply appears to have been adequate up to the time of the investigation, the reserve apparently represented only 3 days' rations. The significance of this observation is unfortunately obscured by our ignorance of appendicularian biology; but, should the food reserve become so diminished, competition between plaice and sand-eel larvae might be expected. The extent of its impact on survival is only likely to emerge from more comprehensive surveys.

scholarly journals Temporal variability in southern North Sea epifauna communities after the cold winter of 1995/1996

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2233-2243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Neumann ◽  
Henning Reiss ◽  
Sebastian Rakers ◽  
Siegfried Ehrich ◽  
Ingrid Kröncke
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
Oyster Ground ◽  
North Frisian ◽  
Hydroclimatic Change

Abstract Neumann, H., Reiss, H., Rakers, S., Ehrich, S., and Kröncke, I. 2009. Temporal variability in southern North Sea epifauna communities after the cold winter of 1995/1996. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2233–2243. Epifauna communities in the southeastern North Sea were studied from 1998 to 2008 to evaluate the effect of hydroclimatic change in community structure. The spatial analysis revealed four communities along the West and North Frisian coasts, on the Oyster Ground, and on the Dogger Bank. The variability between communities was caused mainly by differing abundance of widespread species such as Asterias rubens, probably reflecting differences in environmental conditions, e.g. temperature variation and food supply. Community structure varied between 1998–2000 and 2003–2008 at the shallow West and North Frisian coasts. The hypothesis is that epibenthic communities in these areas were severely affected by the cold winter of 1995/1996, resulting in the outbreak of the opportunistic brittlestar Ophiura albida and followed by characteristic post-disturbance succession stages from 1998 to 2000. The period between 2003 and 2008 was characterized by a continuous decrease in O. albida and by an increase in other species and diversity in the coastal areas. In contrast, secondary production increased in all four areas after 2003, probably because of an increase in sea surface temperature (SST) and in the length of the warming season. We conclude that the cold winter affected epifauna mainly in shallow areas and that the increasing SST influenced the epifauna in the entire southeastern North Sea mainly through an increased food supply.

From Navigating the Regulatory Environment to Designing a Good Food Supply for Institutions: Cases From Philadelphia

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Jonathan Deutsch ◽  
Alexandra Zeitz ◽  
Benjamin Fulton ◽  
Brandy-Joe Milliron ◽  
Catherine Bartoli
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Good Food

scholarly journals Causal Impacts of Epidemics and Pandemics on Food Supply Chains: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9799
Author(s):  
Brenda Cardoso ◽  
Luiza Cunha ◽  
Adriana Leiras ◽  
Paulo Gonçalves ◽  
Hugo Yoshizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Causal Loop Diagram ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Chain Links

The epidemics and pandemics can severely affect food supply chains, including producers, retailers, wholesalers, and customers. To minimize their impacts, it is fundamental to implement effective policies that ensure continuity in the provision, affordability, and distribution of basic food items. This research identifies the main impacts of pandemics and epidemics on food supply chains and policies that can minimize these impacts. Based on a systematic literature review (SLR), 173 documents are analysed to propose a taxonomy of impacts on four supply chain links: demand-side, supply-side, logistics and infrastructure, and management and operation. The taxonomy presents the main impacts and respective mitigation policies. In addition, the literature review leads to the development of a comprehensive causal loop diagram (CLD) with the identification of main variables and their relationship with food supply chains. Finally, a specific research agenda is proposed by identifying the main research gaps. These findings provide a structured method for evaluating policies that ensure the functioning of food supply chains, particularly in disruptions such as epidemics and pandemics.

scholarly journals The Survival of Larval Fish in the Northern North sea According to the Quality of the sea Water

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
Possible Cause

The numbers of fish eggs and planktonic stages of fish taken during a 5-year period by the Scottish research vessels in the northern North Sea have been associated with the presence of Sagitta elegans and S. setosa in the same collections and over an 11-year period with the presence or absence of S. elegans. The results confirm Russell's findings in the English Channel that fish larvae are more abundant when S. elegans is present than when S. setosa is present.The total numbers of fish eggs do not show these differences; spawning does not appear to be any more productive in water associated with S. elegans, rather the reverse, and this is shown to be so for the eggs of those species separately examined. Numbers of the larvae were distinctly greater in the ‘mixed’ conditions indicated by the presence of S. elegans and a more abundant food supply is a possible cause. That the differences may signify a more fundamental effect, however, is suggested by the figures for cod and haddock eggs, which show the earliest stages to be more abundant where S. elegans was absent although later stages were more abundant when S. elegans was present.

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