Reproductive biology of the holothurian Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata)

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambo Tuwo ◽  
Chantal Conand
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Oocyte Size ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Very High

The aspidochirote Holothuria forskali is a large common species found in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Its reproductive cycle has been determined in a population from Brittany using histological observations of the different classes of gonadal tubules, oocyte size frequencies and evolution of gonad indices. The cycle is annual and synchronous in both sexes. The different phases are well marked and are characterized by a long maturation during summer and autumn followed by a pre-spawning period during winter. Spawning is probably related to the increase in temperature. Most of the mature gametes are released. The resorption of the relict and spent tubules continues during the onset of the next vitellogenesis in the secondary tubules, without a rest period. The reproductive effort, documented from the gonad indices, is very high in this population which is composed of adult individuals.

scholarly journals Reproductive cycle of Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske) (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) in two contrasting beach environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara A. G. Tavares ◽  
Carlos A. Borzone
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Oocyte Size ◽  
Nutrient Storage ◽  
Spawning Period

The reproductive cycle of the irregular echinoid Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) was studied in populations from two sand beaches with different morphodynamic conditions in Parana coast, from February 1992 through July 1994. Gametogenesis was described by histological and gonad index methods and the differences between both populations were observed in the extension of nutrient storage and spawning period. Both populations exhibited a main reproductive period during spring/summer and a nutrient storage period during autumn/winter months. The spawning period at the intermediate-dissipative beach was shorter than at the reflective beach. Meanwhile, a nutrient storage stage was more extensive in the latter. Gonad index varied between both sexes and it was influenced by population characteristics. Different strategies in allocation of resources between maintenance and reproduction effort (oocyte size) confirm the high adaptive plasticity developed by this species to live in contrasting beach environments.

Reproductive biology of the banded guitarfish, Zapteryx exasperata, from the Gulf of California, México

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Del-Pilar Blanco-Parra ◽  
J. Fernando Márquez-Farías ◽  
Felipe Galván-Magaña
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Critical Aspects

The banded guitarfish, Zapteryx exasperata, is a common species in the artisanal elasmobranch fisheries in the Gulf of California. Fishery-derived specimens were examined to determine critical aspects of the reproductive biology of this poorly known group of rays. Two functional testes and ovaries were found in males and females respectively. Median size at maturity (L50%) for males was 64 cm total length (TL) and for females 69 cm TL. Average length of gravid females was 78.8±3.8 cm TL. Histological analysis showed no evidence of sperm storage in the oviducal gland. Gestation was estimated to occur over a five to six month period (February–July) and was concurrent with vitellogenesis. Mean uterine fecundity was estimated as 7 (range 2–13, SD. = 3). The sex-ratio of embryos was 1:1. The reproductive cycle for Z. exasperata from the Gulf of California was estimated to last one year with parturition, ovulation and copulation occurring during the summer months. Differences found in the reproductive cycle of Z. exasperata between the Gulf of California and the west coast of Baja California could have implications in the future management plans for this fishery in the Gulf of California.

Variations in the reproductive cycle of Acrocnida brachiata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) according to environment in the Bay of Douarnenez (Brittany)

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bourgoin ◽  
M. Guillou
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Oocyte Size ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Gonad Growth ◽  
Intertidal Population ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
New Generation

The annual reproductive and somatic cycles of the brittlestar Acrocnida brachiata are described using gonad and gut indices for intertidal and subtidal populations in the Bay of Douarnenez, France. Oocyte size frequency diagrams complement the gonad study in the subtidal population. Clearly marked reproductive cycles are defined in both populations. Accelerated gonad growth takes place in spring and the gonads reach the peak of development in May-June each year. Spawning is completed by the end of August. Oocytes reach a mean diameter of 150 μm and a new generation of oocytes appaears in the ovaries during the spawning period. The gut indices show a clear inverse relationship with the gonad indices in the intertidal population, but this relation is not well revealed in the subtidal population.

Aspects of reproductive biology of the Mediterranean amberjack (Seriola dumerilii Risso) during the spawning period

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Marino ◽  
A. Mandich ◽  
A. Massari ◽  
F. Andaloro ◽  
S. Porrello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Reproductive Cycle of the Edible Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidae) in the Aegean Sea

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Vafidis ◽  
Chryssanthi Antoniadou ◽  
Kyratso Kyriakouli
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Gonad Somatic Index

The sustainable management of fisheries resources requires extensive knowledge of their reproductive biology, which is scarcely the case for marine invertebrates. Sea urchins are among the most intensively harvested invertebrates, since their gonads, or “roe”, constitute a highly appreciated gastronomic delicacy, causing a severe decline in natural populations worldwide. In the Mediterranean, the typical commercial echinoid species is Paracentrotus lividus; its biology, however, has not been adequately studied in the Aegean Sea. Within this context, the present study examined the reproductive biology of the edible sea urchin, P. lividus, in the Aegean Sea (Pagasitikos Gulf) over a two-year period. Adult specimens were randomly collected by SCUBA diving (3–5 m) at monthly intervals to determine the gonad-somatic index, fecundity, and gametogenesis through the morphological and histological examination of the gonads. An annual reproductive cycle was defined in both years with a clear spawning peak in early spring, conforming to previous reports from other Mediterranean populations. A discrete secondary spawning period was also detected in early winter, as the species undergoes a second gametogenic event. These results are indicative for the increased reproductive potential of P. lividus in its south distributional range, suggesting a relevant revision of the official fishing season of the species.

scholarly journals A multi-bioassay integrated approach to assess antifouling potential of extracts from the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia oros

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia De Marchi ◽  
Carlo Pretti ◽  
Alessia Cuccaro ◽  
Matteo Oliva ◽  
Federica Tardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Ircinia Oros ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe phylum Porifera and their symbionts produce a wide variety of bioactive compounds, playing a central role in their ecology and evolution. In this study, four different extracts (obtained by non-polar and semi-polar extraction methodologies) of the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia oros were tested through a multi-bioassay integrated approach to assess their antifouling potential. Tests were performed using three common species, associated with three different endpoints: the marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri (inhibition of bioluminescence), the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (inhibition of growth), and different development stages of the brackish water serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus (gametes: sperm motion, vitality inhibition and cellular damage; larvae: development; adults: AChE (acetylcholinesterase)-inhibitory activity). The effects of extracts were species specific and did not vary among different extraction methodologies. In particular, no significant reduction of bioluminescence of A. fischeri was observed for all tested samples. By contrast, extracts inhibited P. tricornutum growth and had toxic effects on different F. enigmaticus’ developmental stages. Our results suggest that the proposed test battery can be considered a suitable tool as bioactivity screening of marine natural products.

Reproductive cycle of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): an intensively harvested invasive species in the Tagus Estuary (Portugal)

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1645-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Moura ◽  
Paulo Vasconcelos ◽  
Fábio Pereira ◽  
Paula Chainho ◽  
José Lino Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Manila Clam ◽  
Tagus Estuary ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Spawning Period

The present study aimed to describe the reproductive cycle and estimate the size at sexual maturity of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in the Tagus Estuary (Portugal). Specimens were collected monthly from September 2013 to December 2015 during fishing surveys using bivalve dredges. The gametogenic cycle was described in detail using gonad histology and monitored throughout the study period by the monthly variation in the frequency of gonad maturation stages, mean gonadal index and mean oocyte diameter. This invasive population of R. philippinarum displayed synchronous gonadal development between sexes, with ripening occurring mainly in April and May followed by an extensive spawning period until November–December. Individuals reached the size at first sexual maturity at 29.4 mm in shell length (i.e. before 1 year old). Furthermore, the reproductive strategy, dynamics and potential were compared between the invasive R. philippinarum and the native congeneric carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus). Overall, the data gathered in this study constitutes valuable baseline information to propose conservation strategies and implement management measures to minimize the harmful impacts caused by this invasive species on local ecosystems and native biodiversity, particularly over populations of autochthonous bivalves.

scholarly journals Distribution and reproductive biology of the Electric ray Discopyge tschudii Heckel, 1846 in San Matías Gulf, Northern Patagonia, Argentina

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilú Estalles ◽  
Nidia Marina Coller ◽  
Edgardo Ernesto Di Giácomo ◽  
María Raquel Perier
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Aggregate Distribution ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Southeast Pacific ◽  
Discopyge Tschudii

The Electric ray Discopyge tschudii is distributed in the Southwest Atlantic from southern Brazil to southern Argentina and in the Southeast Pacific from Peru to southern Chile. The main threat to this species is fishing. Discopyge tschudii is noncommercial and individuals caught are discarded on board. The present study analyzes the distribution and the morphological and reproductive characteristics of this ray in San Matías Gulf (SMG), Argentina. A total of 1087 individuals were analyzed. The species presented an aggregate distribution, with the main concentrations in the northern and eastern areas of SMG, at depths below 100 m. Males ranged from 9 to 43 cm and females from 11 to 38 cm. The species presented sexual dimorphism. Males were larger and heavier than females and also matured at larger sizes. Size at 50% of maturity was estimated at 30 cm for males and 21 cm for females. A total of 199 embryos were sampled and the proportion of sexes showed no significant differences from the expected 1:1. The number of embryos per female varied from 1 to 12. The most frequent values were 2 and 5. Length at birth was estimated at 82.17 ± 3.87 mm. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that the electric ray D. tschudii completes its reproductive cycle in SMG.

scholarly journals Effect of varied calcium concentrations on serum calcium, sodium, potassium and protein value during the different phases of reproductive cycle in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
K. Singh ◽  
O.P. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Sodium Level ◽  
Serum Sodium Level ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Post Spawning

The serum, calcium, sodium, potassium and protein value were measured during different phases of reproductive cycle in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) due to effect of varied calcium concentrations. The calcium value was higher then and Potassium value Protein during spawning period pointing a more demand of calcium which is necessary for the functioning of a enzyme thereby also helps in hardening of eggs while protein meets an extra energy demand during this period. An increase in serum, sodium level was also observed during spawning period than pre and post-spawning.

scholarly journals The Whitefly Dialeurodes citri: A New Pest on Citrus in Tunisia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Synda Boulahia-Kheder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
North East ◽  
Dialeurodes Citri ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Parabemisia Myricae ◽  
Very High ◽  
New Pest

Whiteflies invaded citrus orchards in Tunisia in the 90’s. Two species: Aleurothixus floccosus and Parabemisia myricae have been recorded successively infesting citrus and causing severe damage in Cap-Bon (North-East of Tunisia). These pests were first controlled by several insecticidal applications but with a relative efficiency. Then two biological control programs have been deployed completing the action of native natural enemies especially for P. myricae. The result was a very satisfactory control of both whitefly species, to a point that they almost disappeared from orchards for about 30 years. In 2017, a third whitefly species, identified as Dialeurodes citri, was observed during a prospection in citrus orchards in Takelsa region (Cap-Bon). It was a common species in Algeria, but never caused damage in Tunisia. In 2020, D. citri was found again with very high population densities in the regions of Menzel Bou Zelfa (Cap-Bon) and Tunis. These observations confirmed its change of status and spread in Tunisia. The main morphological and biological traits to distinguish between D. citri and the other two whitefly species, already recorded in Tunisia, were described and first observations on its infestation were reported. Some recommendations to manage this new pest are given.

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