An interesting new gastrotrich from littoral meiobenthos (Long Beach Island, USA), with a key to species of Tetranchyroderma (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida)

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Todaro
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atlantic City ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Marine representatives of the phylum Gastrotricha are reported for the first time from the State of New Jersey, USA. Littoral and shallow sublittoral sediment collected at Ship Bottom on Long Beach Island, near Atlantic City, yielded 11 species belonging to eight genera in six families in the orders Macrodasyida (four genera in three families) and Chaetonotida (four genera in three families). Littoral samples were richer than the one sublittoral sample (7 vs 4 spp.). Among the taxa was a large, undescribed species of Tetranchyroderma characterized by the following key traits: total body length up to 605 μm; cuticular covering complete, made up of pentancres; a pair of cephalic tentacles; dorsal adhesive tubes arranged in dorsal and dorsolateral columns; a pair of ventral adhesive tubes arising from a common base, near the perigenital area only on the right side; peculiar cuticular openings ‘stomata’ along the ventrolateral margins of the body; protogynous hermaphroditism. Tetranchyroderma weissi sp. nov. is, at least in the investigated location, restricted to the sediment layers below 20 cm of the intertidal zone, and is able to live in thiobiotic sediment. A key to the described species of the world based on easily discernible traits, visible in both living and formalin-fixed specimens is provided.

scholarly journals Experiential ownership and body ownership are different phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Liang ◽  
Wen-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Tai-Yuan Chang ◽  
Chi-Hong Chen ◽  
Chen-Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Full Body

AbstractBody ownership concerns what it is like to feel a body part or a full body as mine, and has become a prominent area of study. We propose that there is a closely related type of bodily self-consciousness largely neglected by researchers—experiential ownership. It refers to the sense that I am the one who is having a conscious experience. Are body ownership and experiential ownership actually the same phenomenon or are they genuinely different? In our experiments, the participant watched a rubber hand or someone else’s body from the first-person perspective and was touched either synchronously or asynchronously. The main findings: (1) The sense of body ownership was hindered in the asynchronous conditions of both the body-part and the full-body experiments. However, a strong sense of experiential ownership was observed in those conditions. (2) We found the opposite when the participants’ responses were measured after tactile stimulations had ceased for 5 s. In the synchronous conditions of another set of body-part and full-body experiments, only experiential ownership was blocked but not body ownership. These results demonstrate for the first time the double dissociation between body ownership and experiential ownership. Experiential ownership is indeed a distinct type of bodily self-consciousness.

scholarly journals Reciprocal innervation and symmetrical muscles

1913 ◽  
Vol 86 (587) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
General Rule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Biological Meaning ◽  
Vasomotor Reflexes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

If we attempt to decipher the biological meaning of reciprocal innervation its various instances when marshalled together say plainly that one of the functional problems which it meets and solves is mechanical antagonism. Where two muscles have directly opposed effect on the same lever, “reciprocal innervation” is the general rule observed by the nervous system in dealing with them, and this holds whether the reciprocal innervation is peripheral as with the antagonists of the arthropod claw, or is central as with vertebrate skeletal muscles. Also where one and the same muscle is governed by two nerves influencing it oppositely, reciprocal innervation seems again the principle followed in the co-ordination of the two opponent centres, as has been shown by Bayliss in his observations on vasomotor reflexes. But the distribution and occurrence of reciprocal innervation extend beyond cases of mere mechanical antagonism. The reflex influence exerted by the limb-afferents on symmetrical muscle-pairs such as right knee-extensor and left is reciprocal. Thus right peroneal nerve excites the motoneurones of left vastocrureus, and concomitantly inhibits those of the right. The reflex inhibition of the one is concurrent with, increases with increase, and decreases with decrease of, the excitatory effect on the other. Here the muscles are not in any ordinary sense antagonistic; not only do they not operate on the same lever, but they are not even members of the same limb, nor do they belong even to the same half of the body. They are, however, actuated conversely in the most usual modes of progression—the walking and the running step—though not always in galloping.

scholarly journals Morphometry of human tricuspid valve: A cadaveric study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4487-4491
Author(s):  
Kirti Chaudhary ◽  
Amey Dhatrak ◽  
Brij Raj Singh ◽  
Ujwal Gajbe
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Flaps ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The cardiovascular system consists of a pump represented by the heart and blood vessels, which provide the route by which blood circulates to all parts of the body. William Harvey, in the 17th century, discovered that blood is pumped away from the heart, but it all returns to the heart after circulating in the body. A right ventricular function can be compromised by pressure or stress, often secondary to the right heart valve or muscle pathology. The valves maintain unidirectional flow and permit increased pressure to develop in the chambers. The tricuspid valve consists of three tissue flaps. It separates the right atria and the right ventricle. To measure morphometric measurements of an individual leaflet of the tricuspid valve of cadaveric human hearts. The material for the present study comprised of 50 formalin-fixed adult human hearts (35 males and 15 females) which were obtained from the Department of Anatomy from various medical colleges in Maharashtra. Statistical significant difference was found for the height of anterior and posterior leaflets between male and female hearts. The length of the septal leaflet was also found to be statistically significant between male and female hearts. The study will be helpful for cardiac surgeons in providing data for tricuspid valve complex, leaflets, cords and papillary muscles.

scholarly journals The developmental variations of the sagitta otolith in the young and mature male of a hermaphrodite polynemidae fish, Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e20216178
Author(s):  
Soumen Roy ◽  
Itika Bardhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Protandrous Hermaphrodite ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
Developmental Variations ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
One Way Anova

The Eleutheronema tetradactylum is a protandrous, hermaphrodite, marine perciformes fish. The body length of this fish acts as an important diagnostic marker for male and female discrimination. The present study describes for the first time the ultrastructural characteristics on the medial surface of the sagitta otolith in different body size groups of males of E. tetradactylum (Polynemidae: Perciformes) using scanning electron microscopy. The sagitta is a spindle-shaped structure that includes a well-developed rostrum and a poorly developed antirostrum. The sulcus is ostio-pseudocaudal type, almost straight and devoid of the collum. The ostium is a well-developed, vase-shaped structure. The cauda includes the colliculum and a well-developed caudal bulb with several distinct growth stripes. The length of the caudal bulb is significantly correlated to the growth of the body size of the fish. The excisura major is indistinct and the excisura minor is absent. The cristae are distinct on both sides of the sulcus. The one-way ANOVA test revealed that the development of several sagitta features shows significant differences in various body size groups of E. tetradactylum. The growth of the sagitta length is more closely related to the fork length than the sagitta width. Therefore, the sagitta length and the caudal bulb length can be used as important predictors to evaluate the fish size. The cauda region of the sagitta in E. tetradactylum is unique as well as more decorative than those of another Polynemidae fish and other hermaphrodite, marine perciformes fishes. The sagitta characteristics of E. tetradactylum might be advantageous in the identification of the sex and the taxonomy of the hermaphrodite fish species.

Prelude to “Prologue to Ask the Dust”

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Stephen Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
California State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Italian American ◽  
John Fante ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

In this talk, delivered at the 2014 California State University, Long Beach, symposium celebrating the 75th anniversary of the publication of Ask the Dust, Cooper recounts the story of how he came to discover a remarkable letter, to that point unknown, written by John Fante in 1933. Addressed to fellow Italian American writer Jo Pagano, who like Fante had ventured west from Colorado to seek writing success in Los Angeles, the letter provides insight into the crippling doubts and frustrations that burdened the young Fante even as it reveals his deep-seated confidence that he would one day write a great novel. Published here for the first time, this letter prefigures another remarkable Fante letter, the one written in 1938 that is now known as the Prologue to Ask the Dust.

The Pragmatic Electorate

1930 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
The One ◽  
City State ◽  
The Right

Political science has dealt too long, on the one hand, with the ideal, and, on the other hand, with the abnormal and perverted features of political society, rather than with the normal and the eventual. Our theory of ideal democracy is perhaps more suited to the Greek and Roman city-state, with participation as the test of the good citizen. Representation has been heralded as the device which makes the ancient ideal possible on a large scale. But in practice it has been found that the enormous expansion of the public, i.e., the body of persons who have the right of participation, has made the problem far more complex than was at first thought possible. Greek ideals of education and coercion of the citizen body toward general improvement have been carried out with greater success, and our statute books reflect a Hobbesian attitude toward human nature which is true only in part. The political philosophy of democracy must be built on the facts of political life.Shall we break with the Greek and Roman ideal of the participation of the citizen group in the affairs of the state? It is true that the present attitude is a revised form of the democratic ideal of antiquity, but with a different interpretation of the meaning of citizenship. All democratic governments must finally rest on some theory of the suffrage; any study of the fact of non-voting must be based on a theory of the suffrage likewise. With the expansion of the theory of citizenship to include all subjects, a corresponding theory of limited participation was developed—no doubt a product of the Middle Ages. The totality of citizens was distrusted, and some test of participation had to be devised. Such was the origin of religious tests for political participation; such was the origin of the distinction between the right to vote and the fact of citizenship.

Two species of the genus Kalicephalus Molin, 1861 (Nematoda, Diaphanocephaloidea) from the water monitor, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) in Guangdong Province, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoji Zhang ◽  
Shuqian Zhang ◽  
Luping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Total Body ◽  
First Time

AbstractTwo species of Kalicephalus Molin, 1861 were collected from the intestine of Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) from Guangdong Wildlife Rescue Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Kalicephalus (Kalicephalus) guangdongensis sp. nov. is similar to K. (K.) schadi Ogden, 1966 and K. (K.) schadi fotedari Kalia et Nayital, 1989 in having extremely long spicules, but differs from the latter in the relative length of spicules (spicules longer than the total body length instead of spicules almost three quarters of the total body length). Kalicephalus (Kalicephalus) schadi fotedari Kalia et Nayital, 1989 is reported for the first time in China, and Varanus salvator is a new host record.

Thelastoma gueyei sp. n. (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) from the Senegal diplopod Archispirostreptus tumuliporus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Božena Koubková ◽  
Vlastimil Baruš ◽  
Iveta Matějusová ◽  
Iveta Hodová ◽  
Petr Koubek
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Genital Cone ◽  
Tail Spike ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Thelastoma gueyei sp. n., a nematode belonging to the long-tailed species group of the genusThelastoma, is described from the diplopodArchispirostreptus tumuliporus (Spirostreptidae) collected in Niokolo Koba National Park (Senegal, West Africa).Thelastoma gueyei sp. n. is morphologically most similar toT. gipetiti. Females are characterised by: the vulva being situated in the posterior half of the body and near to the anus (V′ = 75-86) with the anterior vulval lip developed into a prominent flap; excretory pore located at the level of the anterior end of the pharyngeal bulb; b′ = 28-38 and tail, expressed as a proportion of L′, = 1.7-2.7. Males have narrow cuticular alae extending from about the middle of the pharynx to the level of the anteriormost pair of copulatory papillae; four pairs of copulatory papillae, two large, subventral, pairs being located adcloacally on the genital cone, a third, much smaller pair on the posterior margin of the genital cone and the last pair being situated at the mid-point of the tail spike; and a tail occupying 10.8-13.2% of the total body length. The distal tip of the spicule is drop-shaped. Morphological characteristics were studied using scanning electron microscopy and a comparison of the long-tailed group of thelastomatids is provided. Nucleic acid sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene was obtained for purposes of DNA barcoding.

scholarly journals PENGUKURAN PANJANG TUBUH CACING NIPAH PENDEK Namalycastis abiuma (POLYCHAETA: NEREDIDAE) DARI PERAIRAN MANGROVE SUNGAI KAPUAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Junardi Junardi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakCacing Nipah Pendek Namalycastis abiuma memiliki tubuh yang elastis dan mudah putus sehingga diperlukan pendekatan morfometri tubuh lain untuk menentukan panjang tubuh sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan panjang tubuh total cacing nipah pendek dengan menggunakan bobot tubuh, jumlah total segmen berseta, panjang tiga segmen anterior pertama (L3) dan lebar segmen berseta atau setiger ke-10 (S-10). Spesimen yang digunakan dipilih hanya individu yang lengkap dan utuh. Pengukuran dilakukan dibawah mikroskop dengan lensa okular yang dilengkapi dengan mikrometer. Data dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi. Cacing yang digunakan sebanyak 258 individu yang terdiri atas 190 immature, 54 submature dan 14 mature dengan ukuran panjang tubuh rata-rata berturut-turut 108,62±34,80 mm, 172,27±42,78 mm dan 123,14±57,40 mm. Cacing betina ditemukan memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dari jantan. Panjang tubuh N. abiuma dapat diduga dengan bobot tubuh, panjang L3 dan lebar S-10 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) berturut-turut 0,82, 0,73 dan 0,78. Pendekatan morfometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran tubuh N. abiuma.Abstract The short nypa palm worm Namalycastis abiuma has an elastic and fragile body. Therefore, an alternative approach of morphometrical techniques is needed to determine the total body length. This research aimed to estimate the total body length of the short nypa palm worm based on body weight, the total number of segments, the length of the first three anterior segment (L3) and the tenth setiger width (S10). Body measurement was done using stereomicroscope fitted with the micrometer. Correlation analysis was done to describe the relationship between the length of L3 and the width of S10. A total of 258 complete and whole specimens consisted of 190 immature, 54 submature, and 14 mature individuals. The average body length of immature individuals was 108.62±34.80 mm, 172.27±42.78 mm for sub mature individuals, and 123.14±57.40 mm for mature individuals. Based on sexual dimorphism, the female body size is larger than male. The body length of N. abiuma can be estimated by body weight, the length of L3, and the  width of S10, with  correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. Morphometry approach can be used to determine the body size of N. abiuma. 

scholarly journals Length-weight relationship of European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) fry reared at different stocking densities under controlled conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
V. Krasteva ◽  
M. Yankova
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Group A ◽  
European Catfish ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B

Abstract. The present paper investigates the body length and weight, and the size-weight variations of one-month-old European catfish reared at 4 variants of stocking density: Variant 1 – 5 spec/l; Variant 2 – 10 spec/l; Variant 3 – 15 spec/l and Variant 4 – 28 spec/l. The experiment is carried out at the Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Plovdiv for a period of 16 days, using a production system consisting of tubs with continuous water flow (0.7 l/min). At the end of the experiment, the fish from each variant are sorted in three size-weight groups: A – large, B – medium and C – small. The number of fish in each group is established. From the group of the medium- and small-sized fish, 150 speciments are measured, while from the group of the large specimens, which are the smallest in number, all specimens are measured for the biometric parameters body weight (BW, g) and total body length (TL, cm). The results from the study show small variations in the length and weight of the fish reared at the lowest stocking density (Variant 1). As the density increase, the size-weight differences between the specimens from Group A also increased, while of those from Group B they decrease. The number of the medium-sized fish decrease (p≤0.001) while the number of large specimens (p≤0.01) and small fish increase (p≤0.001).

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