Sex-related differences in growth and morphology of blue mussels

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1053-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Mills ◽  
Isabelle M. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
The North ◽  
External Shell ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection ◽  
Internal Body

The morphology and growth pattern of male and female blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the north Norfolk coast, UK, were studied. In allometric terms, the external shell parameters of females grew faster relative to shell length than those of males. In absolute terms, females also grew more quickly than males for all external shell parameters and for most internal body parts. At a given age, females are therefore larger than males. Females had a higher shell to tissue weight ratio and a relatively heavier foot than males. A discriminant function incorporating age, weight and shell length, width, and height correctly sexed 81% of individuals in the sample from which it was derived. Both natural and sexual selection may be involved in the evolution of sexual dimorphism in blue mussels.

scholarly journals Morphometric relationships of the siphon clam Panopea globosa (Bivalvia: Hiatellidae) in the southeasternmost of the Gulf of California, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Andrés Martín Góngora-Gómez ◽  
Maria Isabel Sotelo-Gonzalez ◽  
Apolinar Santamaría-Miranda ◽  
Manuel García-Ulloa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Length Width

The morphometric relationships of the siphon clam Panopea globosa from Sinaloa, Mexico, were analyzed from February 2014 to April 2015. A total of 370 specimens were collected, measured (shell length, width, and height) and weighed (body weight, tissue weight, and shell weight). The coefficient of determination indicated variation in the fitting of morphometric variables among measured traits. The type of relative growth for all morphometric relationships was negative allometry. This is the first report on morphometric relationships of P. globosa from Sinaloa, Mexico.

SOLVING THE PUZZLE OF THE BIVALVE SHELL FRAGMENT: INFERRING THE ORIGINAL ABUNDANCE AND SIZE FREQUENCY FROM THE FRAGMENTED RECORD

Palaios ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 432-445
Author(s):  
ERIC N. POWELL
Keyword(s):  
Shell Model ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Shell Fragment ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Bivalve Shell ◽  
Original Size

ABSTRACT Much of the contribution of bivalves to paleoecology is based on the fraction preserved whole. The use of fragments has been limited by the inability to reconstruct the whole shell. For this study, shells of selected species were broken, metrics obtained for shell reconstruction, and a stepwise model developed and tested to evaluate the potential of reconstructing whole shells from fragments. The model is based on the facts that shell thickness is well correlated with shell length, width, and weight, that fragments can be assigned to shell areas, and that each shell area can be matched to a potential donor shell by combinations of length, width, and weight. Simulations using the model show that shell reconstructions are feasible and that the size frequency can be reconstructed more accurately than the number of shells. If all fragments are preserved, shell number tends to be modestly overestimated. Assuming fragment loss, the shell number estimated will be a conservative estimate of original abundance. Reconstructed size frequencies did not differ significantly from the original size frequencies of the whole shells even if 40% of the fragments were not preserved. Biovolume, consequently, may also be estimable. Standardly, bivalve fragments are enumerated by counting intact umbos. If all fragments are preserved, this approach is preferable, as shell model reconstructions overestimate abundance under that circumstance. However, the expectation that fragments with intact umbos are uniquely well preserved is unrealistic and if fragment loss has occurred, relying on all fragments may provide an improved estimate of the original abundance and, in addition, an estimate of the size frequency and the latter proves to be robust even with 40% of the fragments lost.

scholarly journals Growth pattern of freshwater bivalve mollusk Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) from the northwest Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
DA Nahar ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
S Jasmine ◽  
MMR Mondol
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Freshwater Bivalve ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Sustainable Fishery

Growth, morphometry and length-weight relationships of the freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) was studied during January 2014 and May 2015. Sampling was carried out monthly and a total of 560 specimens were collected from Rajshahi district, northwest of Bangladesh. The recorded length -breadth and length-width relationships were B = 0.179 + 0.475L and W = 0.196 + 0.3163L respectively. The length-total weight, length-wet tissue weight, length-dry tissue weight, length-shell weight, length-dry shell weight relationships were W = 0.1241L2.9066, W = 0.0524L2.7377, W =0.0116L2.7849, W = 0.0533L2.9178 and W = 0.0391L3.0386 respectively. Monthly b values of length-lengths and length-weights relationships indicated a negative allometric growth pattern except length-shell weights relationships which showed an isometric growth of the mussel. This study is the first report on growth pattern of Lamellidens marginalis from Bangladesh and the results would be useful for fishery managers to impose adequate regulations for a sustainable fishery management of this species in the freshwater ecosystem in Bangladesh. J. bio-sci. 27: 121-132, 2019

Diagonal Compression of Masonry Walls Strengthened with Composite Reinforced Mortar

2019 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso D'Antino ◽  
Francesca Giulia Carozzi ◽  
Carlo Poggi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
The North ◽  
Crm System ◽  
Diagonal Compression ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Inorganic Matrix

The use of inorganic matrix composites to strengthen and retrofit existing masonry and concrete structures has been gaining increasing interest in the last years. Among them, composite reinforced mortar (CRM) systems are a promising solution to increase the shear and flexural capacity of masonry panels. CRMs are comprised of a relatively thin inorganic matrix layer reinforced with a bi-dimensional grid made with high-strength fibers impregnated with an organic matrix. They are compatible with the substrate due to the use of inorganic matrix, have good durability and high-strength-to weight ratio due to the use of reinforcing composite materials. CRM systems are still in their infancy and limited research is available in the literature. In this paper, masonry walls constructed with historical bricks typical of the north of Italy were strengthened with a CRM system including a glass composite grid and a lime-based mortar and were subjected to diagonal compression. Three walls were strengthened with the CRM and one was used as a control specimen. The results obtained showed that the CRM system significantly increased the shear strength of the masonry panels subjected to diagonal compression.

scholarly journals Responses of the mussel Brachidontes rodriguezii to aerial exposure: implications on growth and physiological condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Torroglosa ◽  
Juliana Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Aerial Exposure ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
The North ◽  
Calcein Am ◽  
High Intertidal Zone

The length of aerial exposure (i.e., environmental conditions) of an organism, due to daily tides, induces physiological responses. A mark–recapture field experiment was conducted in two intertidal zones (low tide and high tide) using the stain calcein AM to determine growth, as measured by shell length, of the mussel Brachidontes rodriguezii (d’Orbigny, 1842) along its vertical distribution off the north Argentinean coast. In the high intertidal zone, B. rodriguezii exhibited slower growth in shell length because of the physiological stress resulting from aerial exposure during low tides. In the low intertidal zone and during spring, B. rodriguezii exhibited faster growth in shell length. It is suggested that growth of B. rodriguezii relies on several environmental factors (temperature, photoperiod, and aerial exposure) that fluctuate according to tidal height.

scholarly journals Growth pattern can be used as a new characteristic to predict malignancy in breast cancer

Breast Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Lizhe Zhu ◽  
Chenyang He ◽  
Minghui Tai ◽  
Can Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Length Width ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background To date, anatomic tumor length is a key criterion for cancer staging and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapies. This article describes growth pattern that can be used as a new characteristic to represent disease burden and tumor features and predict lymphatic metastasis. Methods Patients with breast cancer were included in this 10-year (1999–2008) hospital-based multicenter retrospective study. The pathologic length/height ratio was used to illustrate the correlation between tumor features, behaviors and treatments in breast malignancies. The most appropriate ratio was chosen based on the comprehensive evaluation of p value and changing trend of each characteristic. Results The sample consisted of 4211 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Among them, 2037 patients with complete pathologic length, width and height information were included in the final analysis. There were 2.34 ± 4.77 metastatic lymph nodes for spheroid tumors and 3.21 ± 5.82 for ellipsoid tumors when the cutoff point was 2. In addition, the proportion of ellipsoidal tumors gradually increased from 54.36 to 56.67% in the upper outer quadrant (UOQ) and from 6.7 to 9.03% in the central region with an increase in the cutoff point. The proportion of ER + PR + ellipsoid tumors significantly decreased from 50.1 to 45.35% and that of ER–PR ellipsoid tumors significantly increased from 32.73 to 36.24% with an increase in the cutoff point. Additionally, the best length/weight ratio to distinguish spheroid and ellipsoid tumors was 2. Conclusion This study described for the first time how growth pattern is correlated with tumor malignancy and how it influences the selection of therapeutic strategies for patients.

Semantics of Hawrami Body Part Terms

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-335
Author(s):  
Bistoon Abasi ◽  
Amer Gheitury
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Internal Body

Human body as a universal possession of human beings constitutes an interesting domain where questions regarding semantic categorisations might be sought crosslinguistically. In the following, we will attempt to describe the terms used to refer to the body in Hawrami, an Iranian language spoken in Paveh, a small township in the western province of Kermanshah near Iraqi borders. Due to the scarcity of written material, the inventory of 202 terms referring to external and internal body parts were obtained through a field work, which took a long time, and techniques, such as the “colouring task”, observation and recording the terms as used in ordinary conversations and informal interviews with native speakers. The semantic properties of the terms and the way they are related in a partonymy or locative relationship were also investigated. As far as universals of body part terms are concerned, while conforming to ‘depth principle’ concerning the number of levels each partonomy may consist of, Hawrami violates an important feature of this principle by not allowing transitive relations between different levels of partonomic hierarchies. In addition, Hawrami lacks a term for labelling the ‘whole’.

Body and emotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 341-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yu
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Internal Body ◽  
External Body

This study presents a semantic analysis of how emotions and emotional experiences are described in Chinese. It focuses on conventionalized expressions in Chinese, namely compounds and idioms, which contain body-part terms. The body-part terms are divided into two classes: those denoting external body parts and those denoting internal body parts or organs. It is found that, with a few exceptions, the expressions involving external body parts are originally metonymic, describing emotions in terms of their externally observable bodily events and processes. However, once conventionalized, these expressions are also used metaphorically regardless of emotional symptoms or gestures. The expressions involving internal organs evoke imaginary bodily images that are primarily metaphorical. It is found that the metaphors, though imaginary in nature, are not really all arbitrary. They seem to have a bodily or psychological basis, although they are inevitably influenced by cultural models.

Biometrics of the mussel Anodonta cygnea (L.) inhabiting in 2005 the Binowo and Bobolin Lakes near Szczecin

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliusz Chojnacki ◽  
Agnieszka Lewandowska ◽  
Beata Rosińska
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Mussel Population ◽  
Anodonta Cygnea ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Positive Correlations

Biometrics of the musselResearch on the swan mussel population was conducted in 2005 on a sample of 497 individuals inhabiting Binowo and Bobolin Lakes, Szczecin, Poland. Length, width, height and age of individuals was examined. Binowo Lake was inhabited by individuals aged 1+ to 7+ years, while individuals aged 1+ to 6+ inhabit Bobolin Lake. Measurable features of swan mussels inhabiting Binowo Lake were as follows: individuals were 3.80 to 10.20 cm long, 1.70 to 5.70 cm wide, 0.70 to 3.70 cm thick, and in Bobolin Lake, 4.00 to 15.20 cm long, 2.20 to 7.70 cm wide, 0.80 to 5.70 cm thick. The age structure of both populations included individuals of diverse ages, with 3 and 4-year old individuals dominating in both lakes. A modest fraction of the youngest individuals (1, 2-year old) as well as the oldest (6, 7-year old) was observed in the examined lakes. All correlations between shell length, width, height and mussel age showed large positive correlations and results obtained from both lakes were similar.

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