The effect of temperature on brood duration in three Halicarcinus species (Crustacea: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Anneke M. van den Brink ◽  
Colin. L. McLay ◽  
Andrew M. Hosie ◽  
Michael J. Dunnington
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Brood Development ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Determinate Growth

The effect of temperature on brood development was investigated for three intertidal hymenosomatid crabs: Halicarcinus cookii, H. varius and H. innominatus in Kaikoura, New Zealand. The duration of brood incubation decreased as temperature increased, as did the interbrood period. The duration of each stage of brood development also decreased with increased temperature, but the proportion of total incubation time for each stage remained relatively similar at different temperatures. Hymenosomatid crabs have determinate growth, but moult to maturity at different sizes, thereafter devoting most of their energy to reproduction. The number of broods a female could carry in her lifetime was estimated for each species. Halicarcinus cookii was estimated to be able to produce eight complete broods of 1146 eggs per lifetime, H. varius was estimated to be able to produce seven complete broods of 1051 eggs per lifetime and H. innominatus was estimated to be able to produce six complete broods of 1081 eggs per life time. With the predicted global temperature rise of 2°C in the next 50 years, the authors estimate that, for all three species, a female could produce one extra brood per lifetime (a 10–15% increase in fecundity depending on species), even more if crabs reach maturity faster, potentially leading to a significant population increase.

Some like it hot: the effect of temperature on brood development in the invasive crab Hemigrapsus takanoi (Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneke van den Brink ◽  
Mandy Godschalk ◽  
Aad Smaal ◽  
Han Lindeboom ◽  
Colin McLay
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Brood Development ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Moult Period ◽  
Brood Stage

The duration of brood development in the introduced crab, Hemigrapsus takanoi in the Oosterschelde, The Netherlands, was compared at three different water temperatures. At 12, 18 and 24°C the females took an average of 32, 11 and 8 days respectively to lay eggs, which took 86, 28 and 18 days respectively to complete development. Five stages of development were identified, with each brood stage comprising a similar proportion of the duration time at different temperatures. The duration of each brood stage was also somewhat proportional to the number of females found carrying each brood stage in the field at the beginning of the breeding season. There appears to be a trigger for the breeding season in H. takanoi in the field at around 15°C above which ovary development begins. The results suggest that an increase in water temperature as a result of climate change may result in an increased net reproductive rate in H. takanoi due to earlier onset of the breeding season and increased number of broods per inter-moult period resulting in population growth. Increased temperatures may therefore lead to increased invasiveness of H. takanoi where it is already present, and range extension into locations where its establishment is currently excluded by unsuitable temperature.

scholarly journals Butyl Rubber-Based Composite: Thermal Degradation and Prediction of Service Life Time 

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen-Tri ◽  
Ennouri Triki ◽  
Tuan Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Network ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Butyl Rubber ◽  
Metalworking Fluids ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Service Lifetime ◽  
Metalworking Fluid ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Different Temperatures

Butyl rubber-based composite (BRC) is one of the most popular materials for the fabrication of protective glove against chemical and mechanical risks. However, in many working places such as metal manufacturing or automotive mechanical services, its mechanical hazards usually appear together with metalworking fluids (MWFs). The presence of these contaminants, particularly at high temperature, could modify its properties due to the scission, the plasticization, the crosslinking of polymer network and thus led to severe modification of mechanical and physicochemical properties of material. This work aims to determine the effect of temperature and a metalworking fluid on mechanical behavior of butyl rubber composite dealing with crosslinking density, cohesion forces and elastic constant of BRC on the based on Mooney-Rivlin’s theory. The effect of temperature with and without MWFs on thermo dynamical properties and morphology of butyl membranes is also investigated. The prediction of service lifetime is then evaluated from extrapolation of Arrhenius plot at different temperatures.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Conidial Germination of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Infecting Grapevines

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1476-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Úrbez-Torres ◽  
Emilie Bruez ◽  
José Hurtado ◽  
Walter D. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres ◽  
Botryosphaeriaceae Species

Germination of conidia of eight botryosphaeriaceous fungi infecting grapevines was evaluated after 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h incubation under eight different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C). The effect of temperature on conidial germination was also evaluated in different stages (hyaline versus pigmented conidia) of the species Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Conidial germination of Botryosphaeriaceae species infecting grapevines was significantly affected by temperature. Overall, conidial germination increased significantly with longer incubation times, especially from 2 to 12 h. In most cases, germination of conidia was not significantly different between 12 and 24 h incubation. Conidia of botryosphaeriaceous species did not germinate (with the exception of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum parvum) at 5°C, and only B. dothidea, Diplodia seriata, and L. theobromae showed high levels of conidial germination at 40°C. Optimum conidial germination temperatures (defined as the temperature in which germination reached at least 50% in the shortest incubation time) were 25°C for B. dothidea and Dothiorella iberica, 25 to 30°C for Spencermartinsia viticola, 30°C for Diplodia corticola, D. mutila, D. seriata, N. parvum, and hyaline L. theobromae, and 40°C for pigmented L. theobromae conidia. Successful conidial germination of species of Botryosphaeriaceae infecting grapevines was always observed between 10 and 35°C with the exception of Dothiorella iberica and pigmented L. theobromae conidia, neither of which germinated at 35 and 10°C, respectively. Results of this study show conidia of botryosphaeriaceous species infecting grapevines to be capable of germination under a broad range of temperatures including those considered to be extreme, which may explain the success of these species as grapevine pathogens throughout most of the grape-growing areas in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on immatures of Stiretrus decastigmus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Poncio ◽  
S. T. B. Dequech ◽  
A. Bolzan ◽  
C. Güths ◽  
M. P. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Important Predator ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Microtheca Ochroloma ◽  
Predation Rates

Abstract Stiretrus decastigmus (Herrich-Schaeffer) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an important predator of the insect pest Microtheca ochroloma Stal (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The present study investigated the pre-imaginal development of S. decastigmus at different temperatures. The temperatures were: 20, 25, and 30 °C, with a relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and a photofase of 12 h, and the nymphs were fed larvae of M. ochroloma. We evaluated the duration and viability of the egg and nymphal stages, the duration of each instar, and the predation potential. The incubation time decreased with increasing temperature, and the viability was highest at 25 °C. The duration of the nymphal stage was inversely proportional to the temperature, ranging from 18 days at 30 °C to 40.6 days at 20 °C. The highest S. decastigmus predation rates were found at 20 °C (90.4 larvae) and 30 °C (72.5 larvae). S. decastigmus showed the highest viability and lowest consumption of larvae of M. ochroloma at 25 °C.

IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTERISTIK MEKANIS BANTALAN LUNCUR MOTOR STARTER DARI SERBUK TEMBAGA ALUMUNIUM

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Rizal ◽  
Amin Suhandi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Powder Metal ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Solid Form

There are many attempts to support the development of industry in Indonesia, especially on automotive sector, one of them is by replacing import components with local component products. Bushing is one of imported component that widely used on automotive application including motor strater. Bushing usually made of  copper alloy such as brass, bronz or babbit in a solid form by casting or extrusion process. In this research powder metal technology is used to process Cu-Al powder to become slide bearing of motor starter. It is expected that powder metal process not only increasing local content in automotive parts but also providing better quality by increasing life time of bushing compared to ordinary one. Cu-Al metal powder was compacted at various pressure, i.e: 250 MPa, 350 MPa and 450 MPa, and then all specimens were sintered at different temperatures : 4000C, 5000C dan 6000C for 1 hour.  After sintering specimens were air cooled to room temperature. After physical and mechanical test it can be deduced that bushing made by powder metallurgy method could increase its mechanical properties and as aresult improve its life time operation.  

scholarly journals The Respiration of some Planktonic copepods II. The Effect Of Temperature

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gauld ◽  
J. E. G. Raymont
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Planktonic Copepods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The respiratory rates of three species of planktonic copepods, Acartia clausi, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, were measured at four different temperatures.The relationship between respiratory rate and temperature was found to be similar to that previously found for Calanus, although the slope of the curves differed in the different species.The observations on Centropages at 13 and 170 C. can be divided into two groups and it is suggested that the differences are due to the use of copepods from two different generations.The relationship between the respiratory rates and lengths of Acartia and Centropages agreed very well with that previously found for other species. That for Temora was rather different: the difference is probably due to the distinct difference in the shape of the body of Temora from those of the other species.The application of these measurements to estimates of the food requirements of the copepods is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature, CO2 and O2 on motility and mobility of Anisakidae larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyan Guan ◽  
Inge Van Damme ◽  
Frank Devlieghere ◽  
Sarah Gabriël
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

AbstractAnisakidae, marine nematodes, are underrecognized fish-borne zoonotic parasites. Studies on factors that could trigger parasites to actively migrate out of the fish are very limited. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different environmental conditions (temperature, CO2 and O2) on larval motility (in situ movement) and mobility (migration) in vitro. Larvae were collected by candling or enzymatic digestion from infected fish, identified morphologically and confirmed molecularly. Individual larvae were transferred to a semi-solid Phosphate Buffered Saline agar, and subjected to different temperatures (6 ℃, 12 ℃, 22 ℃, 37 ℃) at air conditions. Moreover, different combinations of CO2 and O2 with N2 as filler were tested, at both 6 °C and 12 °C. Video recordings of larvae were translated into scores for larval motility and mobility. Results showed that temperature had significant influence on larval movements, with the highest motility and mobility observed at 22 ℃ for Anisakis spp. larvae and 37 ℃ for Pseudoterranova spp. larvae. During the first 10 min, the median migration of Anisakis spp. larvae was 10 cm at 22 ℃, and the median migration of Pseudoterranova spp. larvae was 3 cm at 37 ℃. Larval mobility was not significantly different under the different CO2 or O2 conditions at 6 °C and 12 ℃. It was concluded that temperature significantly facilitated larval movement with the optimum temperature being different for Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp., while CO2 and O2 did not on the short term. This should be further validated in parasite-infected/spiked fish fillets.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature during Drying and Storage of Dried Figs on Growth, Gene Expression and Aflatoxin Production

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Galván ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez ◽  
Alberto Martín ◽  
Manuel Joaquín Serradilla ◽  
Ana Martínez-Dorado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
And Storage

Dried fig is susceptible to infection by Aspergillus flavus, the major producer of the carcinogenic mycotoxins. This fruit may be contaminated by the fungus throughout the entire chain production, especially during natural sun-drying, post-harvest, industrial processing, storage, and fruit retailing. Correct management of such critical stages is necessary to prevent mould growth and mycotoxin accumulation, with temperature being one of the main factors associated with these problems. The effect of different temperatures (5, 16, 25, 30, and 37 °C) related to dried-fig processing on growth, one of the regulatory genes of aflatoxin pathway (aflR) and mycotoxin production by A. flavus, was assessed. Firstly, growth and aflatoxin production of 11 A. flavus strains were checked before selecting two strains (M30 and M144) for in-depth studies. Findings showed that there were enormous differences in aflatoxin amounts and related-gene expression between the two selected strains. Based on the results, mild temperatures, and changes in temperature during drying and storage of dried figs should be avoided. Drying should be conducted at temperatures >30 °C and close to 37 °C, while industry processing, storage, and retailing of dried figs are advisable to perform at refrigeration temperatures (<10 °C) to avoid mycotoxin production.

Ability of Inactivated Yeast Powder To Adsorb Patulin from Apple Juice

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAIXIA GUO ◽  
TIANLI YUE ◽  
SHAIMAA HATAB ◽  
YAHONG YUAN
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Absolute Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Yeast Powder ◽  
Commercial Yeast ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

This study aimed to investigate the adsorption of patulin from apple juice, using two types of inactivated yeast powder: laboratory-prepared yeast powder (LYP) and commercial yeast powder (CYP). The effects of incubation time, pH, incubation temperature, adsorbent amount, and initial concentration of patulin and the stability of the yeast-mycotoxin complex were assessed. The results showed that the efficiencies of the two yeast types in adsorbing patulin were similar. The ability of the powders to remove patulin increased with longer incubation times, and patulin concentration was below detectable levels with LYP and CYP at approximately 36 and 30 h, respectively. The highest removal of patulin was achieved at pH 5.0 for both powder types, and there were no significant differences in patulin decrease at different temperatures (4, 29, and 37°C). Additionally, the adsorption percentage of patulin increased significantly with the increase of absorbent amount and decrease of initial concentration of patulin. Stability of the yeast-patulin complex was assessed, and patulin was more stable when washed in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 4.0) than in absolute ethyl alcohol. These results suggest that inactivated yeast powder has potential as a novel and promising adsorbent to bind patulin effectively.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behaviour of 316L Stainless Steel in CNTs–Water Nanofluid: Effect of Temperature

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Dana H. Abdeen ◽  
Muataz A. Atieh ◽  
Belabbes Merzougui
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
In Series

The inhibition behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Gum Arabic (GA) on the corrosion of 316L stainless steel in CNTs–water nanofluid under the effect of different temperatures was investigated by electrochemical methods and surface analysis techniques. Thereby, 316L stainless steel samples were exposed to CNTs–water nanofluid under temperatures of 22, 40, 60 and 80 °C. Two concentrations of the CNTs (0.1 and 1.0 wt.% CNTs) were homogenously dispersed in deionized water using the surfactant GA and tested using three corrosion tests conducted in series: open circuit test, polarization resistance test, and potentiodynamic scans. These tests were also conducted on the same steel but in solutions of GA-deionized water only. Tests revealed that corrosion increases with temperature and concentration of the CNTs–water nanofluids, having the highest corrosion rate of 32.66 milli-mpy (milli-mil per year) for the 1.0 wt.% CNT nanofluid at 80 °C. In addition, SEM observations showed pits formation around areas of accumulated CNTs that added extra roughness to the steel sample. The activation energy analysis and optical surface observations have revealed that CNTs can desorb at higher temperatures, which makes the surface more vulnerable to corrosion attack.

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