scholarly journals The Contribution of Non-Canonical Gospels to the Memory of Jesus: The Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of Peter as Test Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-454
Author(s):  
Jens Schröter
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Gospel Of Thomas ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Social ◽  
Apocryphal Gospels ◽  
The Way

This article argues that the social memory approach makes a significant contribution to the interpretation of the early gospel tradition. This approach helps to overcome an anachronistic distinction between ‘canonical’ and ‘non-canonical’ (or ‘apocryphal’) Gospels by highlighting the way Jesus was portrayed in various Gospels of the first and second century. Early Christian Gospels in general presuppose the post-Easter perspective on Jesus as a divine figure, but depict his activity and teaching in different ways. A closer look at the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of Peter demonstrates how these Gospels take up and continue perspectives which can be observed already in the earlier Gospels in their own ways. Thereby they provide glimpses of different social and theological contexts of second-century Christianity.

scholarly journals The service of N. F. Annensky in the zemstvo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Lyovin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The Way

Zemstvo officials occupied a prominent place in the social life of Russia in the post-reform period. Many of them participated in the populist movement in the 1870s, but for various reasons they left it and devoted themselves entirely to the zemstvo service, the reby obtaining the opportunity to legally study the way of life, culture, labour activities of peasants and to defend their interests before the landlords, gubernia and uyezd administrations. N. F. Annensky was one of these devotees. The paper attempts to consider his activities as the head of the zemstvo statistical departments (bureaus) of the Kazan and Nizhny Novgorod gubernias. On the basis of the analysis of diverse archival and published sources the author came to the conclusion that while in the zemstvo service N. F. Annensky made a significant contribution to the development of Russian statistics creating new methods of statistical research by combining assessment and soil work. His experience was fruitfully used by statisticians from other gubernias. N. F. Annensky can rightfully be considered one of zemstvo statistical luminaries.

SOME CONTEXTUAL REFLECTIONS ON ‘PURPOSE IN THE LIVING WORLD?’

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce C. Wearne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Theory ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Living World ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Character ◽  
Scholarly Collaboration ◽  
The Way

Jacob Klapwijk’s book Purpose in the Living World? is examined with special attention given to the scholarly background from out of which it emerges as a significant contribution to reformational philosophical reflection. As an initial step to clarify some important issues raised by Klapwijk’s critical comments about Dooyeweerd’s “essentialist” concept of species, the article probes facets of the way Jan Lever incorporated reformational philosophical concepts into his biological theory and considers the 1959 review written by Herman Dooyeweerd of Lever’s Creation and Evolution. The analysis focuses specifically upon the social responsibilities of these two scholars and the confrontation of their respective views. With the work of Lever and Dooyeweerd we sense something of the ambiguities when reformational philosophy confronts an evangelical scholasticism. This confrontation is an important facet of the context in which Klapwijk has set forth his discussion of creation and emergent evolution. Purpose is also the fruit of scholarly collaboration across disciplines, providing a welcome stimulus for a deepened understanding of the corporate character of the student vocation.

scholarly journals Epistemic restraint and the vice of curiosity

Philosophy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Manson
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Christian Philosophy ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Epistemic Virtues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Realm ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn recent years there has been wide-ranging discussion of epistemic virtues. Given the value and importance of acquiring knowledge this discussion has tended to focus upon those traits that are relevant to the acquisition of knowledge. This acquisitionist focus ignores or downplays the importance of epistemic restraint: refraining from seeking knowledge. In contrast, in many periods of history, curiosity was viewed as a vice. By drawing upon critiques of curiositas in Middle Platonism and Early Christian philosophy, we gain useful insights into the value and importance of epistemic restraint. The historical discussion paves the way for a clarification of epistemic restraint, one that distinguishes the morally relevant features of epistemic process, content, purpose, and context. Epistemic restraint is identified as an important virtue where our epistemic pursuits pose risks and burdens, where such pursuits have opportunity costs, where they are pursued for vicious purposes. But it is in the social realm where epistemic restraint has most purchase: epistemic restraint is important both because privacy is important and because being trusted are important. Finally, some suggestions are offered as to why epistemic restraint has not received the contemporary attention that it deserves.

scholarly journals Miejsce pamięci versus symulacja przeszłości - druga wojna światowa na wystawach historycznych

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Bogumił
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
World War ◽  
New Approach ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
The Way

The Author examines the presentation of the German occupation at the Warsaw Rising Museum and in Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory in Krakow. Initially, she studies the space of these exhibitions and demonstrates that the Warsaw Rising Museum has some characteristics of reflective space, while the exhibition at the Schindler’s Factory is primarily a projective one. Then, she points out that both museums treat artefacts as illustrations of their stories, as a consequence of which they are simulations of the past rather than material testimonies of what had happened. Finally, the Author argues that the Warsaw Rising Museum primarily tells the story of glory of the Polish nation, while the Schindler Factory focuses on the social history. In conclusion the Author points out that none of the exhibitions breaks the existing taboos or offers a new approach to the past. Both museum stories perfectly reflect the shape of the Polish social memory of World War II. Differences in the way they present the past are a result of rooting each of the stories in different public debates that were conducted in Poland after 1989.

Early Christian Reception of the Prophets

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Heine
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Third ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
Hebrew Prophets ◽  
The Way

The Hebrew prophets were essential to the early Christian understanding of the identity of Jesus. This chapter first examines the use of the Hebrew prophets in the reading practices in the second-century worship assemblies of the Christians in relation to those of the early synagogue. This provides an understanding of an early Christian appropriation of the prophets that was not apologetic. It then turns to the third century to show the concern for unity between the Hebrew prophets and the Christian Gospel. Finally, it compares the way four major Christian exegetes of the third and fourth centuries, traditionally separated into the opposing hermeneutical camps of Alexandria and Antioch, interpreted Isaiah’s vision of God, to argue that differing theological positions had come to influence the interpretation of Scripture more than differing hermeneutical procedures.

scholarly journals MULHER E RELIGIÃO

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
José Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Rules ◽  
Human Kind ◽  
The Way

Através da história, a religião tem sido uma força catalisadora para muitas das transformações mais marcantes em todas as sociedades. Como elemento de aculturação, a religião serviu como muleta psicológica e emocional para os espantos e medos que o homem experimentou pela sua incapacidade em entender as transformações do seu envolvimento. O divino emergiu com naturalidade na forma como o homem procurou entender o mundo. A mulher, raramente entrou no encontro do humano com a sua transcendência. Através dos tempos, o papel da mulher foi secundarizado, seja pelas suas particularidades biológicas, seja pelos papeis sociais que lhe estavam cometidos. Para essa segregação social da mulher a religião deu expressivo contributo. Hoje, a luta da mulher ainda passa, em algumas sociedades, pela assunção dos seus direitos fundamentais sonegados pelas regras morais intrínsecas a algumas religiões. Palavras-Chave: Religião. Mulher. História.   Abstract Throughout history, religion has been a catalyst for many of the most striking transformations in all societies. As an element of acculturation, religion served as a psychological and emotional crutch for the astonishment and fears that human kind suffered due to his inability to understand the changes in his involvement. The divine emerged naturally in the way man understood the world. The woman rarely entered the human encounter with his transcendence. Throughout the ages, the role of women has become secondary, either because of their biological particularities or because of the social roles that were committed to them. Religion has made a significant contribution to this social segregation of women. Today, the struggle of women still involves, in some societies, the assumption of their fundamental rights withheld by the moral rules intrinsic to some religions. Keyword: Religion. Woman. History.

Practising Idolatry in 1 Peter

2020 ◽  
pp. 0142064X2097389
Author(s):  
Sean du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Early Christian ◽  
1 Peter ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Prejudice ◽  
The Way ◽  
Apocalypse Of John

Did some early Christian groups worship the emperor or other Graeco-Roman gods? In his essay ‘Going All the Way? Honouring the Emperor and Sacrificing Wives and Slaves in 1 Peter 2.13-3.6’, Warren Carter has proposed a provocative reading of 1 Pet. 2.13–3.6, arguing that this author exhorts the audience to participate in cultic sacrifices to the emperor as part of a strategy to overcome the social-prejudice currently faced by the audience. In this article I offer an analysis of Carter’s position, as well as offer a detailed response to his argument. I begin by responding to his suggestions regarding Paul, the Apocalypse of John and the Governor Pliny. This is followed by a detailed look at two specific strands of evidence in 1 Pet. 1.18 and 4.3 and the audience’s experience of suffering, which indicate that Carter’s thesis is mistaken.

Phusikos Kai Theologikos Logos, St Paul and Athenagoras at Athens

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
The Way

In the early Christian treatise Peri tes anastaseos ton nekron, written in the last quarter of the second century, Athenagoras of Athens drew a distinction between two kinds of theological discourse or argument (logos), ‘on behalf of the truth’ (huper tes aletheias) and ‘concerning the truth’ (peri tes aletheias), in which he clearly had in mind St Paul's missionary address to the Athenians on Mars' Hill. Owing to its nature discourse concerning the truth is of primary importance for it provides necessary knowledge of the actual subject-matter, while discourse on behalf of the truth is of secondary importance for it does not establish the truth but is useful in opening the way for it by removing the undergrowth of false and hostile opinion. It is in this light that Athenagoras' two extant works are to be appreciated, Presbeia ton Christianon which is admittedly of an apologetic nature, and Peri tes anastaseos ton nekron in which he offered a reasoned account of the truth of the resurrection.

scholarly journals Mission and Ethics in 1 Corinthians: Reconciliation, corporate solidarity and other-regard as missionary strategy in Paul

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus Kok
Keyword(s):  
1 Corinthians ◽  
Community Of Faith ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

In this article the dynamic relationship between mission and ethics in contexts of conflict and change in the Corinthian correspondence was investigated, and the role Paul played as reconciling leader, examined. The early Christian writers like Paul wanted to instruct and shape communities of faith. Paul was especially concerned with the maintenance and growth of his congregations and also with the social and ethical boundaries between the community of faith and the ‘world’. In the article it was illustrated that within the Corinthian congregational context there existed several conflict situations, and that much of it was a result of diversity within the congregation. Diversity is a fact of life and reality of the church. In Paul’s vision for unity and reconciliation, and in his attempt to address the factionalism in the Corinthian congregation, he would in all cases, ground his practical solution in a theological identity construction. Paul focuses on corporate solidarity and unity and urges the congregation to find their fellow brothers and sisters in times of conflict by means of ethical reciprocity and other-regard, a matter in which he is also an example, typical of other philosophers of his time – but with a significant difference. At the end it becomes clear that Paul’s ethical advice has a missional dimension, in the sense that the conflict management should take place in such a way that God is honoured and that both Jews, Greeks and fellow believers will see that the way this community handles conflict, is different to the way the ‘world’ would do it, and that in the process, even more might be saved.

Ethnicity, Economics, and Diplomacy in Dionysios of Corinth

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavan W. Concannon
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The Social

Sometime in the latter half of the second century, Bishop Dionysios of Corinth began writing letters to Christian communities around the eastern Mediterranean. Of these letters, which remain only as fragments and summaries in Eusebius'sEcclesiastical History, we know of eight, including one addressed to a woman named Chrysophora. Though Dionysios is not often mentioned in histories of second-century Christianity, he was famous enough in his own day that his advice was requested from as far as the Black Sea and his letters were tampered with by those seeking to lend his authority to their theological positions. When Dionysios has been discussed by historians of early Christianity, his work has been mined for what it can tell us about early Christian letter collections, for the names of other second century bishops, and for fights over various early Christian heresies. Though I draw on these studies, I am here concerned with examining Dionysios's surviving letters as political rhetoric within what Loveday Alexander has called the “social networks” of early Christianity. Rather than focusing on questions of episcopal succession or early Christian letter collections, I consider how Dionysios's letters functioned as political instruments that knit together early Christian communities as they made their way to and from Corinth aboard merchant ships and overland caravans, moving amongst the myriad of people and goods that flowed through Roman trade routes in the eastern Mediterranean.

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