scholarly journals Veterinary clinical nutrition: success stories: an overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Davies
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Management ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Benign Adenoma ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Canine Osteoarthritis

In this overview of success stories in veterinary clinical nutrition topics in cats and dogs reviewed include the dietary management of chronic kidney disease, dissolution of urinary tract uroliths by dietary modification, the recognition that taurine and L-carnitine deficiencies can cause dilated cardiomyopathy; that clinical signs associated with feline hyperthyroidism (caused by a benign adenoma) can be controlled by a low-iodine diet alone; that dietary management of canine osteoarthritis can also reduce non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug doses; and that disease-free intervals and survival times can be statistically longer in dogs with Stage III lymphoma managed with diet. As we discover more about nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, and as we expand our basic understanding of idiopathic diseases we are bound to identify more nutritionally related causes, and be able to develop novel dietary strategies to manage disease processes, including the formulation of diets designed to alter gene expression to obtain beneficial clinical outcomes.

Insulinoma in the ferret: clinical findings and treatment comparison of 66 cases

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Weiss ◽  
BH Williams ◽  
MV Scott
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Partial Pancreatectomy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Free

The clinical signs and surgical findings were reported for 66 ferrets with insulinomas confirmed histologically. All of the ferrets were treated with one of three modalities, and disease-free intervals and survival times were gathered to determine the most effective treatment. The three treatment groups included 10 ferrets treated medically, 27 ferrets treated with pancreatic nodulectomy, and 29 ferrets treated with pancreatic nodulectomy combined with a partial pancreatectomy. The mean disease-free intervals for each group were 22, 234, and 365 days, respectively. The mean survival times for each group were 186, 456, and 668 days, respectively. Based upon the data, recommendations were made for treating insulinoma in the ferret.

scholarly journals Canine Epithelial Thymic Tumors: Outcome in 28 Dogs Treated by Surgery

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3444
Author(s):  
Marina Martano ◽  
Paolo Buracco ◽  
Emanuela Maria Morello
Keyword(s):  
Thymic Carcinoma ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Paraneoplastic Syndromes ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Fine Needle Aspirates ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphoma ◽  
Disease Free

Thymoma is a tumor rarely reported in dogs and should be differentiated from mediastinal lymphoma. Clinical signs may have a late onset, and thymoma is often diagnosed when symptoms related to the space-occupying effect or paraneoplastic syndromes occur. CT and fine-needle aspirates or core biopsies are helpful in differential diagnosis, but flow cytometry may improve the pre-operative diagnostic ability. Concurrent paraneoplastic syndromes such as myasthenia gravis and hypercalcemia have been reported; however, their role as prognostic factors is not well determined. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice; adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may prolong survival in cases of incomplete excision or when a thymic carcinoma is diagnosed. Local recurrence and metastasis are infrequently reported; therefore, a long survival time is expected if the tumor is completely excised or if adjuvant therapy is undertaken. This article reports the authors’ experience with 28 dogs affected by 18 thymomas and 10 thymic carcinomas. The median overall survival in this series was 1173 days, and the median disease-free interval was 903 days. Dogs with thymic carcinoma had significantly shorter disease-free intervals and shorter, although not statistically significant, survival times. Dogs with Masaoka Stage III tumors had worse outcomes.

Phase I Study of Fludarabine Plus Cyclophosphamide in Patients With Previously Untreated Low-Grade Lymphoma: Results and and Long-Term Follow-Up—A Report From the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Hochster ◽  
Martin M. Oken ◽  
Jane N. Winter ◽  
Leo I. Gordon ◽  
Bruce G. Raphael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free

PURPOSE: To determine the toxicity and recommended phase II doses of the combination of fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide in chemotherapy-naive patients with low-grade lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Previously untreated patients with low-grade lymphoma were entered onto dosing cohorts of four patients each. The cyclophosphamide dose, given on day 1, was increased from 600 to 1,000 mg/m2. Fludarabine 20 mg/m2 was administered on days 1 through 5. The first eight patients were treated every 21 days; later patients were treated every 28 days. Prophylactic antibiotics were required. RESULTS: Prolonged cytopenia and pulmonary toxicity each occurred in three of eight patients treated every 3 weeks. The 19 patients treated every 28 days, who were given granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as indicated, did not have undue nonhematologic toxicity. Dose-limiting toxicity was hematologic. At the recommended phase II/III dose (cyclophosphamide 1,000 mg/m2), grade 4 neutropenia was observed in 17% of all cycles and 31% of first cycles. Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was seen in only 1% of all cycles. The median number of cycles per patient was six (range, two to 11) for all patients enrolled. The response rate was 100% of 27 patients entered; 89% achieved a complete and 11% a partial response. Nineteen of 22 patients with bone marrow involvement had clearing of the marrow. Median duration of follow-up was more than 5 years; median overall and disease-free survival times have not been reached. Kaplan-Meier estimated 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 66% and 53%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The recommended dosing for this combination in patients with previously untreated low-grade lymphoma is cyclophosphamide 1,000 mg/m2 day 1 and fludarabine 20 mg/m2 days 1 through 5. The regimen has a high level of activity, with prolonged complete remissions providing 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates as high as those reported for other therapeutic approaches in untreated patients.

Dietary Management of Feline Chronic Renal Failure: Where are We Now? In What Direction are We Headed?

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Polzin ◽  
C A Osborne ◽  
S Ross ◽  
F Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Dietary Management ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Therapeutic Value

Dietary modification is of primary importance in managing cats with chronic renal failure. Diets designed for cats with chronic renal failure are typically formulated to be pH neutral and contain reduced quantities of protein, phosphorus and sodium and an increased quantity of potassium. These changes in diet formulation are designed to ameliorate clinical signs of renal failure by adapting dietary intakes to meet the limited ability of failing kidneys to adapt to the normal range of dietary intakes. Important recent clinical trials support the therapeutic value of dietary therapy in cats with chronic renal failure.

scholarly journals The pathophysiology and medical management of canine osteoarthritis : continuing education

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vaughan-Scott ◽  
J.H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Cartilage ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Canine Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease is a condition characterised by degeneration of articular cartilage often associated with the formation of new bone at joint surfaces or margins. Commonly encountered in dogs, osteoarthritis may have a gradual onset, but may also occur acutely. Osteoarthritis can be a primary disease of joint cartilage, but is more often secondary to abnormal stresses on joints. This article describes the pathogenesis and progression of cartilage degeneration as well as the dietary, lifestyle and pharmacological management of osteoarthritis. Recent pharmacological developments allow the clinician not only to control clinical signs of the disease, but also to slow the progression of cartilage degeneration.

Corynebacterium parvum versus bacille Calmette-Guérin adjuvant immunotherapy of stage II malignant melanoma.

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lipton ◽  
H A Harvey ◽  
C M Balch ◽  
C E Antle ◽  
R Heckard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
P Value ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Disease Free Interval ◽  
Adjuvant Immunotherapy ◽  
Corynebacterium Parvum ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Disease Free

Two separate studies have been reported comparing Corynebacterium parvum and bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as adjuvant immunotherapy for stage II melanoma patients (The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 48 patients; Southeastern Cancer Study Group [SECSG], 162 patients). As the criteria for patient selection and drugs used were similar, we have pooled the data to analyze the effects of these two treatments. Both studies used BCG (Tice, Chicago, IL) 3 x 10(8) live organisms per treatment by Tine technique and C parvum (Burroughs-Wellcome, Triangle Park, NC) subcutaneous at a dose of 4 mg/m2 (SECSG) or 5 micrograms/m2 (Hershey) per treatment. The only difference in these studies was the frequency of immunization, with patients in Hershey receiving 22 doses and the SECSG patients receiving 55 doses during the 2-year period of treatment. Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis for the 210 patients shows a prolonged disease-free interval for patients treated with C parvum (P = .02, two-sided Mantel procedure). In similar fashion, patients treated with C parvum had an improved survival rate (from all causes) when compared with BCG-treated patients (P = .012). An analysis of the results for the 170 patients for which the number of positive nodes was available was performed using Cox's model, with nodes as a stratification variable and with covariates of place, treatment, age, and sex. In this analysis, an observed benefit for C parvum on the disease-free interval had a P value of .37 while the benefit of C parvum on the survival times (from all causes) had a P value of .04. When the same analysis was performed using only patients aged younger than 60 years, the observed benefit of C parvum on disease-free interval had a P value of .08 and the benefit of C parvum on survival times (from all causes) had a P value of .008.

Retrospective long-term follow-up analysis in 21 patients with chordomas of various sites treated at a single institution

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Keisch ◽  
Delia M. Garcia ◽  
Robert B. Shibuya
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Actuarial Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Radiotherapy Alone ◽  
Disease Free

✓ Twenty-one patients with chordoma were treated at the Radiation Oncology Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, between 1949 and 1986. Thirteen patients had sacrococcygeal tumors, five had clival tumors, two had nasopharyngeal tumors, and one had a lumbar spine tumor. Nine patients were treated with surgery alone, eight patients with subtotal resection and postoperative irradiation, and four patients with radiotherapy alone after biopsy. The 5- and 10-year actuarial survival rates were 74% and 46%, respectively. The 10-year actuarial survival rate was significantly better in patients treated with surgery alone or surgery and irradiation than in those treated with radiotherapy alone (52%, 32%, and 0%, respectively, p = 0.02). Although all patients ultimately suffered a recurrence, those with lumbosacral tumors treated with surgery and irradiation had a longer mean disease-free survival period (6.6 years) than those treated with surgery alone (4.1 years) (p = 0.08). Disease-free survival times of patients with base of the skull tumors was not significantly different between the treatment groups. Irradiation after resection of chordomas appears to increase the time to first relapse in lumbosacral tumors and should be considered after subtotal resection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of treatment with a combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology: a retrospective study of 86 cases (2009–2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joong-Hyun Song ◽  
Do-Hyeon Yu ◽  
Hee-Chun Lee ◽  
Tae-Sung Hwang ◽  
Young Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Immunomodulating Drugs ◽  
Mortality Hazard Ratio ◽  
Standard Treatment Regimen

Abstract Background Combination therapy with glucocorticoids and adjunctive immunomodulating drugs has been generally accepted as a standard treatment regimen for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE). We hypothesized that treatment with MMF as an adjunctive agent along with glucocorticoids would be effective and well-tolerated protocol in dogs with MUE. Eighty-six dogs with MUE between May 2009 and June 2017 were included (59 females and 27 males; mean age of 5.93 years; mean body weight of 3.83 kg). The medical records of dogs with MUE treated with prednisolone and MMF were retrospectively evaluated to determine the therapeutic response, survival time, and treatment-related adverse effects. Results A partial or complete response (CR) was recorded for 75 dogs. The overall median survival time from the initiation of treatment was 558 days. Dogs that showed CR with no relapse over the treatment period (from diagnosis to death) had significantly longer median survival times. A significantly higher mortality hazard ratio of 4.546 was recorded in dogs that failed to achieve CR. The interval between the onset of clinical signs and the clinical presentation was not significantly associated with CR, relapse rate, and survival time. Adverse effects included gastrointestinal upsets in 26 dogs (30.23%), sporadic infections in 17 dogs (19.77%), and pancreatitis in seven dogs (8.14%). Conclusions The results suggest that adjunctive MMF treatment for MUE is safe and comparable to other immunosuppressive protocols. The treatment should focus on the achievement of CR and preventing relapse for successful management.

Postoperative Adjuvant Combination Therapy with Doxorubicin and Noncytotoxic Suramin in Dogs with Appendicular Osteosarcoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Alvarez ◽  
William Kisseberth ◽  
Kenji Hosoya ◽  
Ana Lara-Garcia ◽  
Carrie Kosarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Additional Clinical Benefit ◽  
Disease Free

Although conventional treatment of dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA) by amputation and chemotherapy results in reported survival times (STs) of 262–413 days, no major improvements in STs have occurred in the past 2 decades. Suramin is a polysulfonated napthylurea, which at noncytotoxic concentrations in vitro, increases tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy, including doxorubicin. The study authors evaluated the combination of noncytotoxic suramin and doxorubicin after amputation in dogs with OSA. The hypothesis was that treatment of dogs with appendicular OSA with amputation, adjuvant doxorubicin, and noncytotoxic suramin would be well tolerated and result in STs at least comparable to those of doxorubicin alone. Forty-seven dogs received 6.75 mg/kg of suramin IV followed by 30 mg/m2 of doxorubicin IV 4 hr later. Treatment was repeated q 2 wk for five doses. The median disease free time (DFI) was 203 days (range, 42–1,580+ days) and the median ST for all dogs was 369 days (range, 92–1,616+ days). There was no statistical difference in ST and DFI between greyhounds and nonngreyhounds. Adjuvant doxorubicin and noncytotoxic suramin was well tolerated in dogs with OSA following amputation. Additional studies are needed to determine if this combination treatment protocol provides additional clinical benefit compared with doxorubicin alone.

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