scholarly journals The EnergyKids project: pilot study on the energy balance of primary school children during school days and summer camp days

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Rosi ◽  
Cinzia Franchini ◽  
Francesca Scazzina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSpecific nutritional requirements should be cover during childhood to ensure proper growth. The daily energy need is defined as the number of calories necessary to satisfy the total energy expenditure in a healthy and active organism. Since children are more inclined to be physically active during summer, their energy expenditure may vary during school days respect to summer days and a proper energy intake should be planned during both periods.The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the energy balance during school days and summer camp days in primary school children living in the city of Parma (Italy), attending the Giocampus programme.Participants were asked to complete a 3-day weighed food diary and to wear an activity tracker for the same 3 consecutive days twice: within a school week and a summer camp week. Height and body weight were measured at the beginning of each assessment week and BMI was calculated to define the weight status through the IOTF gender- and age-related cut-offs for children BMI. The mean energy balance was estimated as the difference between the mean total energy expenditure (calculated multiplying the daily physical activity level by the basal metabolic rate from the Schofield's predictive equation) and the mean daily energy intakes (obtained through the Italian food database of the European Institute of Oncology).Fifty-five children (49% F, 51% M, 8–10 y) correctly completed the study. In both periods, the mean BMI corresponded to normal weight status, without significant differences between genders. Energy intake did not change significantly between the assessment periods or between sexes. As expected, the minutes of inactivity decreased during the summer camp period. Moreover, males were more active than females, but the increase in the total energy expenditure from school to summer camp, related to the increased physical activity, was significant in both sexes. Energy balance was negative in both assessment periods and it changed significantly from school to summer camp days, decreasing in both sexes but being more negative for boys than for girls.Our results underline the importance of providing children with meals nutritionally adequate and suggest that the energy content of children's meals should be increased during particular conditions, like a summer camp, and continuously monitored to assure an adequate energy intake to cover the energy requirements during both school and summer camp days.

scholarly journals Physical activity and energy balance

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen A. Van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Resting Energy

AbstractEnergy expenditure rises above resting energy expenditure when physical activity is performed. The activity-induced energy expenditure varies with the muscle mass involved and the intensity at which the activity is performed: it ranges between 2 and 18 METs approximately. Differences in duration, frequency and intensity of physical activities may create considerable variations in total energy expenditure. The Physical Activity Level (= total energy expenditure divided by resting energy expenditure) varies between 1.2 and 2.2–2.5 in healthy adults. Increases in activity-induced energy expenditure have been shown to result in increases in total energy expenditure, which are usually greater than the increase in activity-induced energy expenditure itself. No evidence for increased spontaneous physical activity, measured by diary, interview or accelerometer, was found. However, this does not exclude increased physical activity that can not be measured by these methods. Part of the difference may also be explained by the post-exercise elevation of metabolic rate.If changes in the level of physical activity affect energy balance, this should result in changes in body mass or body composition. Modest decreases of body mass and fat mass are found in response to increases in physical activity, induced by exercise training, which are usually smaller than predicted from the increase in energy expenditure. This indicates that the training-induced increase in total energy expenditure is at least partly compensated for by an increase in energy intake. There is some evidence that the coupling between energy expenditure and energy intake is less at low levels of physical activity. Increasing the level of physical activity for weight loss may therefore be most effective in the most sedentary individuals.

scholarly journals Total energy expenditure and energy intake in the pre-school child: a comparison

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. W. Davies ◽  
W. A. Coward ◽  
J. Gregory ◽  
A. White ◽  
A. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Relative Bias ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
The Mean

In a cohort (n 81) of healthy children aged 1.5–4.5 years, measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were compared. Energy intake was calculated following a 4 d weighed record completed by the mother or guardian of the child. Total energy expenditure was measured using the doubly-labelled water technique. Mean energy intake and expenditure in the cohort were 4773 kJ/d and 4928 kJ/d respectively. The mean relative bias between the techniques was 154 kJ/d. In the older children (3.5–4.5 years) the mean relative bias was only 37 kJ/d. At the population level the measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were extremely close, and the study has provided sufficient confidence in weighed intake methodology for it to be used in a major nationwide study of dietary intake and nutritional status of children aged 1.5–4.5 years.

Energy availability and nutrition during a Special Force Qualification Course (Q-Course)

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Mullie ◽  
P Clarys ◽  
W De Bry ◽  
P Geeraerts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Mean

IntroductionThe Special Forces (SF) are an elite military group usually engaged in physically demanding field operations, resulting among others in high daily energy requirements. Optimising energy supply and nutritional requirements is therefore mandatory for success. The aim of this study was to estimate energy availability and nutrition during a Qualification Course (Q-Course) for Belgian SF.Methods21 participants recorded all foods and beverages consumed during four days in a structured food diary. Energy expenditure was measured with an accelerometer and fat mass measured with quadripolar impedance. Energy availability was calculated by the following formula: (energy intake by foods and beverages − energy expenditure for physical activity)/kg FFM/day (FFM, fat-free mass).ResultsThe mean (SD) total energy expenditure was 4926 kcal/day (238), with a minimum of 4645 kcal/day and a maximum of 5472 kcal/day. The mean (SD) total energy consumption was 4186 kcal/day (842), giving an energy balance ranging from −2005 kcal/day to 1113 kcal/day. The mean (SD) energy availability was 17 kcal/kg FFM/day, with a minimum of 1 kcal/kg FFM/day and a maximum of 44 kcal/kg FFM/day. The mean (SD) intake of carbohydrates was 6.8 g/kg body weight/day (1.5).ConclusionsDuring this studied Q-Course, energy intake was not optimal as demonstrated by an overall negative energy balance and low energy availability. High interindividual variations in energy intake were found, highlighting the importance of providing SF members nutritional education.

scholarly journals The EnergyKids Pilot Study: Comparing Energy Balance of Primary School Children during School and Summer Camp

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Cinzia Franchini ◽  
Alice Rosi ◽  
Cristian Ricci ◽  
Francesca Scazzina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
School Time ◽  
Study Participants

Children’s energy requirements may vary during school and summer camp days. To evaluate energy balance during these two periods, seventy-eight children (45% females, 8–10 years) living in Parma, Italy, were enrolled in this observational study. Participants completed a 3-day food diary and wore an activity tracker for three consecutive days during a school- and a summer camp-week to estimate energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (TEE). Height and body weight were measured at the beginning of each period to define children’s weight status. BMI and EI (school: 1692 ± 265 kcal/day; summer camp: 1738 ± 262 kcal/day) were similar during both periods. Both physical activity and TEE (summer camp: 1948 ± 312; school: 1704 ± 263 kcal/day) were higher during summer camp compared to school time. Therefore, energy balance was more negative during summer camp (−209 ± 366 kcal/day) compared to school time (−12 ± 331 kcal/day). Similar results were observed when males and females were analyzed separately but, comparing the sexes, males had a higher TEE and a more negative energy balance than females, during both periods. The results strongly suggest that an accurate evaluation of children’s energy balance, that considers both diet and physical activity, is needed when planning adequate diets for different situations.

scholarly journals Total energy expenditure assessed by salivary doubly labelled water analysis and its relevance for short-term energy balance in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Guidotti ◽  
Berthe M. A. A. A. Verstappen-Dumoulin ◽  
Henk G. Jansen ◽  
Anita T. Aerts-Bijma ◽  
André A. van Vliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Water Analysis ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Term Energy

scholarly journals Validation of energy intake by 24-hour multiple pass recall: comparison with total energy expenditure in children aged 5–7 years

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Montgomery ◽  
John J. Reilly ◽  
Diane M. Jackson ◽  
Louise A. Kelly ◽  
Christine Slater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multiple Pass ◽  
The Individual

Accurate measurement of energy intake (EI) is essential in studies of energy balance in all age groups. Reported values for EI can be validated against total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using doubly labelled water (DLW). Our previous work has indicated that the use of the standardized 24 h multiple pass recall (24 h MPR) method produces slight overestimates of EI in pre-school children which are inaccurate at individual level but acceptable at group level. To extend this work, the current study validated EI by 24 h MPR against TEE by DLW in sixty-three (thirty-two boys) school-aged children (median age 6 years). In both boys and girls, reported EI was higher than TEE, although this difference was only significant in the girls (median difference 420 kJ/d, P=0·05). On analysis of agreement between TEE and EI, the group bias was an overestimation of EI by 250 kJ/d with wide limits of agreement (−2880, 2380 kJ/d). EI was over-reported relative to TEE by 7 % and 0·9 % in girls and boys, respectively. The bias in the current study was lower than in our previous study of pre-school children, suggesting that estimates of EI become less inaccurate as children age. However, the current study suggests that the 24 h MPR is inaccurate at the individual level.

Statistical Evaluation of Total Energy Intake Based on the Number of Food Portions and Body Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rousset S ◽  
◽  
Médard S ◽  
Fleury G ◽  
Fardet A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Mean

The evaluation of food intake based on various assessment methods is critical and underreporting is frequent. The aim of the study was to develop an indirect statistical method of the total energy intake estimation based on gender, weight and the number of portions. Energy intake prediction was developed and evaluated for validity using energy expenditure measurements given by the WellBeNet app. A total of 190 volunteers with various BMIs were recruited and assigned either in the train or the test sample. The mean energy provided by a portion was evaluated by linear regression models from the train sample. The absolute values of the error between the energy intake estimation and the energy expenditure measurement were calculated for each volunteer, by subgroup and for the whole group. The performance of the models was determined using the validation dataset. As the number of portions is the only variable used in the model, the error was 30.7% and 26.5% in the train and test sample. After adding body weight in the model, the error in absolute value decreased to 8.8% and 10.8% for the normal-weight women and men, and 11.7% and 12.8% for the overweight female and male volunteers, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that a statistical approach and knowledge of the usual number of portions and body weight is effective and sufficient to obtain a precise evaluation of energy intake (about 10% of error) after a simple and brief enquiry.

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