scholarly journals On a Filaria, Loa Papionis n. Sp, Parasitic in Papio Cynocephalus

Parasitology ◽  
1920 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Treadgold
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Optical Illusion ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Human Parasite ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
High Degree

Papio cynocephalus from French Guinea frequently harbours Loa papionis n.sp. The intermediate host is unknown. The larvae, in contradistinction to those of the human parasite Loa loa, show no diurnal periodicity.The occurrence of bacterial disease in adult L. papionis would seem to be a novelty; at any rate I could find no mention of diseased filariae in the literature.In so far as the biology of Microloa loa is concerned, I am inclined to doubt the correctness of the opinions expressed by Rodenwalt and Fülleborn concerning the structures they term “executory and genital cells”: the current hypotheses concerning the significance of these structures and of the “central viscus,” clearly need revision. Manson's “buccal apparatus” would seem to be nothing more than an optical illusion, while the “neck” or “shoulder” described by the older observers as existing in adult L. loa after fixation, was evidently due to imperfect technique.I have drawn attention to the desirability of standardising the technicalities which are such essential preliminaries to the accurate mensuration of micro-filariae, and have suggested a method which has certain advantages over those at present in use.Concerning the pathology of Loa infection, evidence both of the traumatic and toxic action of L. papionis on baboons, was obtained; moreover these parasites seemed definitely toxic for guineapigs, although the single experiment performed needs confirmation. The available evidence favours the supposition that adult baboons from an infected area possess a high degree of immunity both against L. papionis toxaemia and against reinfection by these parasites; but whether their serum is of therapeutic value for human beings infected with L. loa, requires further investigation.

Effectiveness of Vancomycin Against Gaffkemia, the Bacterial Disease of Lobsters (Genus Homarus)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
B. Arie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Aerococcus Viridans ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Established Infection

The antibiotics vancomycin, penicillin G, novobiocin, and oxytetracycline were examined for in vivo effectiveness against gaffkemia, the fatal bacterial infection of lobsters (genus Homarus) caused by Aerococcus viridans (var.) homari (formerly Gaffkya homari). Only vancomycin was truly effective against an established infection and then only when given at high levels (25 mg/kg lobster body weight) in the early stages of infection, prior to development of hemolymph bacterial numbers in excess of 3 × 104/ml or coincident hepatopancreatic bacterial levels of 1 × 107/g. Even massive cumulative doses (500 mg vancomycin/kg body weight), when given after establishment of maximum bacterial numbers, failed to impede the infection. Rates for the clearance of vancomycin from lobsters, established by using three different concentrations (25, 10, and 5 mg/kg body weight, respectively), were extremely slow and markedly concentration dependent. Twenty-five milligrams vancomycin/kg body weight injected prior to infection still gave a high degree of protection against challenge with the pathogen 50 days later in lobsters held at 15 C. One milligram vancomycin/kg body weight administered prior to infection gave complete protection against gaffkemia for 15 days after the antibiotic had been administered.

scholarly journals High-Density Cell Arrays for Genome-Scale Phenotypic Screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytaute Starkuviene ◽  
Stefan M. Kallenberger ◽  
Nina Beil ◽  
Tautvydas Lisauskas ◽  
Bastian So-Song Schumacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Preclinical Development ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Cell Arrays ◽  
High Density Cell ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Genome Scale

Due to high associated costs and considerable time investments of cell-based screening, there is a strong demand for new technologies that enable preclinical development and tests of diverse biologicals in a cost-saving and time-efficient manner. For those reasons we developed the high-density cell array (HD-CA) platform, which miniaturizes cell-based screening in the form of preprinted and ready-to-run screening arrays. With the HD-CA technology, up to 24,576 samples can be tested in a single experiment, thereby saving costs and time for microscopy-based screening by 75%. Experiments on the scale of the entire human genome can be addressed in a real parallel manner, with screening campaigns becoming more comfortable and devoid of robotics infrastructure on the user side. The high degree of miniaturization enables working with expensive reagents and rare and difficult-to-obtain cell lines. We have also optimized an automated imaging procedure for HD-CA and demonstrate the applicability of HD-CA to CRISPR-Cas9- and RNAi-mediated phenotypic assessment of the gene function.

scholarly journals Activity profiling and crystal structures of inhibitor-bound SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease: A framework for anti–COVID-19 drug design

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. eabd4596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Rut ◽  
Zongyang Lv ◽  
Mikolaj Zmudzinski ◽  
Stephanie Patchett ◽  
Digant Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Activity Profiling ◽  
Irreversible Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Positional Scanning ◽  
High Degree

Viral papain-like cysteine protease (PLpro, NSP3) is essential for SARS-CoV-2 replication and represents a promising target for the development of antiviral drugs. Here, we used a combinatorial substrate library and performed comprehensive activity profiling of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. On the scaffold of the best hits from positional scanning, we designed optimal fluorogenic substrates and irreversible inhibitors with a high degree of selectivity for SARS PLpro. We determined crystal structures of two of these inhibitors in complex with SARS-CoV-2 PLpro that reveals their inhibitory mechanisms and provides a molecular basis for the observed substrate specificity profiles. Last, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 PLpro harbors deISGylating activity similar to SARSCoV-1 PLpro but its ability to hydrolyze K48-linked Ub chains is diminished, which our sequence and structure analysis provides a basis for. Together, this work has revealed the molecular rules governing PLpro substrate specificity and provides a framework for development of inhibitors with potential therapeutic value or drug repurposing.

Information Processing in Visual System - Optical Illusion and Visual Mechanism

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-574
Author(s):  
Masanori Idesawa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
External World ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Optical Illusion ◽  
Optical Illusions ◽  
Visual Mechanism ◽  
Human Visual Mechanism

Human beings obtain big amount of information from the external world through their visual system. Automated system such as robot must provide the visual functions for their flexible operations in 3-D circumstances. In order to realize the visual function artificially, we would be better to learn from the human visual mechanism. Optical illusions would be a pure reflection of the human visual mechanism; they can be used for investigating human visual mechanism. New types of optical illusion with binocular viewing are introduced and investigated.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents and Therapeutic Properties of Himalayan Rhododendron Arboreum - Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Rhododendron Arboreum ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Value Added Products

ABSTRACT Nature has plentiful plant sources to fulfil the needs of human beings in terms of food and medicines. Rhododendron tree is one of them. The literature reviewed from online resources suggests that Rhododendron arboretum belongs to family Ericaceae and bears pale pink to deep red colour flowers. It is a national flower of Nepal and a state flower of Uttarakhand. The flowers generally blossom in the months of March to April and June to September. Rhododendron contains significant amount of minerals and many phytochemicals and secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and steroids. Rhododendron arboreum has various therapeutic properties like anti-diabetic property, anti- inflammatory property, antioxidant property, anti-hyperlipidemic property, anti-cancerous property, cardio protective properties. People of India use it in preparation of many valued products like jellies, squashes, ready to serve drinks etc. But their commercialized value added products are not available. This study suggests for more extensive studies on development of commercial product for utilization of its nutritional and therapeutic value.

scholarly journals Ecology as a New Foundation for Natural Theology

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Andreas Gonçalves Lind ◽  
Bruno Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Value Of Nature ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Universal Reason ◽  
Nietzschean Critique

The erosion of metaphysics that began in Modernity has led to the discredit of the whole project of natural theology as a means to reach God, establish the classical divine attributes, and account for divine action. After the deconstruction of classical metaphysics propelled by thinkers associated with the Protestant tradition and by philosophers affiliated with the Nietzschean critique, it may appear that only an apophatic approach to God would then be possible. However, the attempt to establish a consensual foundation for the theological discourse has not lost its relevance. In this sense, the attempts to revitalize natural theology are most welcome. It would be naive, however, to think that approaches to natural theology based on classical metaphysics will easily gather consensus. This will not happen. The departing point for a renewed and credible approach to natural theology cannot be the theoretical universal reason associated with Modernity, which is no longer acknowledged as a common ground. As such, a viable approach to natural theology has to find a new consensual starting point. The goal of this article is to argue that the emergence of a new ecological urgency and sensibility, which nowadays gather a high degree of consensus, offers an opportunity for the renewal of natural theology. It is our aim: (i) to show the extent to which God grounds the intrinsic value of nature, which, as such, deserves respect, and (ii) to suggest that the reverence for nature may naturally lead contemporary human beings to God.

scholarly journals SERO PREVALENCE STUDY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN GOATS IN HAMER AND BENATSEMAY WOREDAS OF SOUTH OMO, ETHIOPIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Seifu Lemma ◽  
Abeyenh Leza ◽  
Gimete Gercha ◽  
Alemayeh Radii
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
South Omo

Brucellosis is a contagious bacterial disease with worldwide importance and affects a number of animal species and human beings. Although brucellosis in domestic animals has controlled in most developed countries it remains an important public health problem in several parts of the world. But in developing countries brucellosis has both animal and public health importance (Walker, 1999; Radostitset al.,2000; Acha, and Szyfers, 2001; Tsolia et al.,2002).

scholarly journals “Operae liberales”: consideración social y aspectos jurídicos relevantes de las profesiones liberales en la Roma antigua

2019 ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Jonatan Tobío Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
General Rule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
The Mind ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Use Of Expertise

En la Grecia y Roma clásicas, en donde cimientan los fundamentos estructurales de nuestra actual civilización, van a otorgar la más alta consideración al ser humano dedicado al desarrollo del intelecto, con un otium encaminado al cultivo de la mente y dedicado a una ocupación relacionada con algún ámbito del saber que requiera el uso del conocimiento y el dominio de una lex artis —no obstante, adquiere también relevancia el cultivo del cuerpo, pero, por lo general, en aras de una correcta instrucción militar, al objeto de prestar servicio, si fuere necesario, en defensa de la comunidad o sociedad—. La Roma clásica, que absorbe el pensamiento de los filósofos griegos —sobre todo, el arte de la retórica y la elocuencia—, a semejanza de la propia Grecia, distinguirá aquellos trabajos manuales, dependientes y serviles, que Cicerón califica como viles, en los que para su realización, por regla general, se imprime esfuerzo físico y para los que, en algunos casos, se requiere el dominio de un arte, pero que, en otros, ni tan siquiera se precisa el conocimiento previo de técnica alguna —o, de necesitarse, se trataría de un mínimo modus operandi—, de aquellas otras actividades en las que, para su fiel desempeño, es imprescindible poseer rigurosos conocimientos teóricos y prácticos, por lo que traen consigo una considerable carga intelectual, así como, en su ejecución, se caracterizan por su autonomía, lo que implica alto grado de libertad e independencia. Estas notas, que han perdurado a lo largo de la historia, en la actualidad continúan funcionando como elementos que, al valorarse en su conjunto, distinguen a las denominadas en la actualidad profesiones liberales del resto de profesiones, oficios u ocupaciones.In classical Greece and Rome, where the foundations of our present civilization were laid, they regarded most highly human beings dedicated to developing their intellect, with an otium intended for the cultivation of the mind and dedicated to an occupation associated with a field of knowledge that requires the use of expertise and the mastery of a lex artis —although the cultivation of the body also acquires importance for the purpose of correct military instruction to serve in defense of the community or society if needed—. Classical Rome, which absorbed Greek philosophy —especially the rhetorical art of eloquence—, like Greece itself, made a distinction between manual, dependent and servile labor, which Cicero considered base, which require physical force as a general rule and which in some cases also require the mastery of an art, but in other do not even demand prior knowledge of a technique —and if they do it would be merely a modus operandi—, and other activities where it is indispensable for their correct practice to possess rigorous theoretical and practical knowledge. The latter entaila considerable intellectual onus, and their practice is characterized by autonomy, which implies a high degree of freedom and independence. These features, which have continued throughout history, currently continue to function as elements which, if taken as a group, set apart in the present day the liberal professions from the rest of professions, trades or occupations.

A review on experimental methods for diabetes induction and therapeutic efficacy of anti- diabetic drug loaded nanoformulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Taleuzzaman ◽  
Chandarkala Kala ◽  
Iqra Rahat ◽  
Sadaf Jamal Gilani ◽  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Diabetes In Animals ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
High Carrier ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Nano Formulation

Background: Different experimental methods have been used to induce the diabetes in animals. There are number of anti-diabetic drug loaded nano-formulations with high therapeutic value used to target diabetes with high therapeutic efficacy. Methods: From this review,various anti-hyperglycemic agents have been screened for their activity. The use of nanoformulation in diabetes treatment due to the possibility of incorporation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. Results: The clinical symptoms of diabetes arelike hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria and these symptoms were produced in experimental animal models through various diabetogens. The treatment by using nano-formulation lead to enhance the therapeutic efficacy due to increase in high carrier capacity. Conclusion: The characteristic features of the disease and pathological changes during disease in small animals (rats or mice) are similar to that of human beings. The use of synthetic as well as herbal drugs have shown greater therapeutic efficacy by encapsulating into nano drug delivery system.

Cosmopolitanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Held ◽  
Pietro Maffettone
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
High Degree

Cosmopolitanism, in the broadest sense, is a way of thinking about the human condition. It portrays humanity as a universal fellowship. The unity to which cosmopolitans refer can be intellectual (we all share a capacity for reason), moral (we are all part of a single moral community), or institutional (we are all vulnerable to the same political evils and thus require shared collective solutions). The cosmopolitan intuition with its drive to highlight commonality is undoubtedly important. It understands that human beings are capable of an enormous range of good and bad, and attempts to embed human activity in a framework of common rules and norms; hence, it seeks to tame the potential for violent conflict. It tries to give us reasons to care for each other and to broaden our moral and intellectual universe beyond the remit of our personal ties and immediate environment. It offers a model of political action that confronts some of the most pressing challenges we face in the twenty-first century and does so by suggesting inclusive institutional solutions. Yet, cosmopolitanism would not be an attractive philosophical position if it did not consistently strive to address some of its underlying tensions. One of the most intensely shared elements of the human experience is particularity, not unity. We come to the world from families and social and cultural groups, and often develop our moral sensibilities within the framework of public discourses based on specific political traditions. Critics often contend that cosmopolitanism downplays such particularity and is thus unable to reflect one of the most important aspects of persons’ lives. A second encompassing objection leveled at cosmopolitanism is its high degree of utopianism. Cosmopolitanism, its critics contend, is a flight from political reality. Its plans for institutional reform are too abstract to be credible and neglect the importance of power in human political relationships. Cosmopolitans should accept these challenges. Their aim should be to make cosmopolitanism more attractive by explaining the place of special ties in their moral outlook, and to make it more credible by detailing the urgency of cosmopolitan political reform. The enduring success of a cosmopolitan ethos is thus partly reliant on cosmopolitans’ ability to provide convincing answers to these alleged weaknesses.

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