The morphology of the British Prostriata, with particular reference to Ixodes hexagonus Leach. III

Parasitology ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don R. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Generic Rank ◽  
Haller's Organ ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Sensory Hairs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Lateral Walls

1. The spiracular plate is made up of three layers, (a) the outermost non-porose plate, which varies in thickness, being thicker where the (b) intermediate layer of pedicels fuses towards the outside, and thinner over the goblets. The innermost layer (c) is of even thickness, and corrugated.2. The ostium is bounded by the columella dorsally and by the lower lip ven-trally, both of which are continuous with the thickened antero-ventrally placed macula.3. The ostium opens into a subostial space which in turn passes into the atrium. The ventral and ventro-lateral walls are thrown into two folds about midway along, and then anteriorly and posteriorly merge to form a single lobe. The musculature associated with the atrium is described.4. On morphological grounds it appears that the ostium is incapable of opening and closing, and it is suggested that only opening muscles—the dorsal and ventral atrial muscles—are present.5. The distribution of the main tracheal trunks is described.6. Hailer's organ in the female of I. hexagonus consists of a trough and a capsule; the former bears six hairs divisible into types I–IV and the latter contains seven tapering sensillae. This pattern is applicable to both the male and the nymph: in the larva one type III sensilla is missing from the trough and only 4 sensory hairs are present in the capsule.7. A description of Haller's organ in the British Ixodes species is given, and it is shown to be of systematic value.8. The status of species possessing ‘trough-nosed’ capsules is discussed, and the validity of giving such species generic rank does not appear to be justified. As far as the material investigated is concerned there seems little difference in the sexes, with the exception of I. muris and I. loricatus, nor has any correlation been established between the structure of the organ and host specificity.

Orofacial Movements Associated With Fluent Speech in Persons Who Stutter

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. McClean ◽  
Stephen M. Tasko ◽  
Charles M. Runyan
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Electromagnetic System ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Speech Disfluency ◽  
Opening And Closing

This study was intended to replicate and extend previous findings that (a) during fluent speech persons who stutter (PS) and those who do not (NS) differ in their vocal tract closing movements (L. Max, A. J. Caruso, & V. L. Gracco, 2003) and (b) ratios relating lip and tongue speed to jaw speed increase with stuttering severity (M. D. McClean & C. R. Runyan, 2000). An electromagnetic system was used to record movements of the upper lip, lower lip, tongue, and jaw of 43 NS and 37 PS during productions of a nonsense phrase and a sentence. Measurement and analysis of movement speeds, durations, and ratios of lip and tongue speed to jaw speed were performed on fluent productions of a nonsense phrase and sentence. Statistical comparisons were made between PS with low and high stuttering severity levels (LPS and HPS) and NS. Significant variations across groups in movement speed and duration were observed, but the pattern of these effects was complex and did not replicate the results of the two earlier studies. In the nonsense phrase, significant reductions in lower lip closing duration, jaw closing duration, and jaw closing speed were seen in PS. In the sentence task, HPS showed elevated tongue opening and closing durations. For tongue opening in the sentence, LPS showed elevated speeds and HPS showed reduced speeds. The elevated speeds for LPS are interpreted as a contributing factor to speech disfluency, whereas the reduced speeds and increased durations in HPS are attributed to adaptive behavior intended to facilitate fluent speech. Significant group effects were not seen for the speed ratio measures. Results are discussed in relation to multivariate analyses intended to identify subgroups of PS.

Video based eye blink analysis for psychological state determination

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Laxmipriya Moharana ◽  
Niva Das ◽  
Satyajit Nayak ◽  
Aurobinda Routray
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
The Status ◽  
Opening And Closing

The status of mental health and mood of human beings are well comprehensible by careful observation of movements of different body parts. Eye being the most prominent body part, analysis of different eye parameters such as blink, gaze, opening and closing rate provides important clues on mood status as well as mental health conditions. The present work can be viewed from a statistical and machine learning perspective that utilizes eye blink information to study the mental health status of a person. By using appropriate image processing techniques eye blinks of different subjects were collected through an experimental setup. The setup contained a recording environment where each participant was required to watch two videos of opposite emotions, i.e., joy and sad during different time settings. From the recorded videos of each participant, eye blinks were extracted and investigated. On analyzing the blink rates thoroughly, using statistical and machine learning means we observed; 1) an increase in number of eye blinks when the mood of a participant swings from sad to joy and 2) a significantly smaller number of blinks in depressed participants than the normal participants while in sad mood.

scholarly journals Smart Dumpster Monitoring System

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
R Premkumar ◽  
Jayanarayani K ◽  
Lavanya J ◽  
Nirubaa A.G ◽  
Thirupurasundari K
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Lcd Display ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sonar Sensor ◽  
Opening And Closing

The project is about smart way of collecting and disposing garbage. A system is designed by automatic opening and closing of the lid when the sensor senses the hand motion. The level of the wastes is measured using sonar sensor and the smell from the waste is detected using gas sensor. In order to avoid the smell, sprayer is placed inside the dustbin which is activated when the signal is sent. There is a motor attached to the lid is used to compress the garbage for further dumping. Once the bin is fully filled the lid is closed automatically and a message is send through GSM. The status of the bin will be displayed as a message outside the bin using LCD display. The problem of overflowing of garbage and the smell will be avoided leading to a good hygienic environment.  

On the status of Kaiparaites Matsumoto, 1955 (Cretaceous; Ammonoidea: Kossmaticeratidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Michael R. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Generic Rank ◽  
The Status

The kossmaticeratid ammonite Kaiparaites was on its inception synonymized by its author (Matsumoto 1955) with Natalites (Collignon 1954). However, close comparison of the type species of these two genera shows them to be morphologically and stratigraphically distinct. Whereas Santonian Natalites shares the flexed constrictions of late Turonian–Coniacian Kossmaticeras, the straight constrictions of late Campanian – Maastrichtian Kaiparaites are shared with Caledonites, Gunnarites, Grossouvrites and Jacobites. Consequently, Kaiparaites is resurrected from the synonymy of Natalites and demonstrates that, under phylogenetic consideration, characters first thought to be of prime taxonomic significance actually turn out to be secondary. Since treatment of Natalites as a subgenus of Kossmaticeras emphasizes primitive characters, it is returned to generic rank, as is Santonian Karapadites although, for those who find use for subgenera, the latter can be treated as a subgenus of Natalites.

Kinematic Analysis of Lower Lip Movements in Ataxic Dysarthria

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Ackermann ◽  
Ingo Hertrich ◽  
Gabriele Scharf
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Organizational Principle ◽  
Acoustic Speech Signal ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Speech Motor

The present study investigates the influence of cerebellar disorders on articulatory performance. A linear trend between peak velocity and movement amplitude seems to represent a basic organizational principle both of upper limb and speech motor control. This relationship is preserved in arm movements of patients with cerebellar dysfunction. However, these subjects show a decreased slope of the respective regression lines under the instruction to perform movements as fast as possible. In order to find out whether these findings also hold for speech motor control, peak velocity, range, and duration both of the opening and closing gestures during production of /pap/- as well as /pa:p/-sequences—embedded into a carrier phrase each—were measured using an optoelectric system. In addition, vowel length (/a/, /a:/) was determined at the acoustic speech signal: (a) The cerebellar patients showed a prolongation of both vowel targets. Most of them, nevertheless, presented with discernible durational contrasts; (b) The articulatory gestures were characterized by a highly linear relationship between peak velocity and movement range in the cerebellar as well as in the control group; (c) As a rule, the cerebellar subjects had decreased velocity-displacement ratios as compared to the normals; (d) The discrepancy in slope of the computed regression lines between the controls and the patients varied according to the type of movement (opening vs. closing gesture) and—to a lesser degree—linguistic demands (short vs. long vowel). These data indicate an impaired ability of cerebellar patients to increase muscular forces in order to produce adequately scaled articulatory gestures of short duration.

Revision of the Ephippiochthonius complex in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Macaronesia, with proposed changes to the status of the Chthonius subgenera (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4246 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN A. ZARAGOZA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Generic Rank ◽  
The Status ◽  
Previously Treated

A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and    Macaronesia is presented. New and previously insufficiently studied characteristics are shown to be taxonomically useful, such as the chelal lyrifissures patterns, chaetotaxy and condylar complex. Three taxa previously treated as subgenera of Chthonius are here raised to generic rank: Ephippiochthonius n. stat., Globochthonius n. stat., and Hesperochthonius n. stat. Two new genera are described: Cantabrochthonius n. gen. and Occidenchthonius n. gen. Thirty-five new species are described: Ephippiochthonius aini n. sp., E. andalucia n. sp., E. aurouxi n. sp., E. benimaquia n. sp., E. caceresi n. sp., E. castellonensis n. sp., E. comasi n. sp., E. fadriquei n. sp., E. galcerani n. sp., E. gonzalezi n. sp., E. henderickxi n. sp., E. ibiza n. sp., E. masoae n. sp., E. portugalensis n. sp., E. riberai n. sp., E. serengei n. sp., E. sevai n. sp., E. tarraconensis n. sp., E. vicenae n. sp., E. zaballosi n. sp., Occidenchthonius anae n. sp., O. beieri n. sp., O. ebo n. sp., O. felgueraorum n. sp., O. gardinii n. sp., O. hoerwegi n. sp., O. lencinai n. sp., O. mahnerti n. sp., O. mateui n. sp., O. montagudi n. sp., O. murcia n. sp., O. oromii n. sp., O. ortunoi n. sp., O. riopar n. sp. and O. serranoi n. sp. A neotype is designated for Ephippiochthonius catalonicus (Beier, 1939), n. comb. As result of the changes in generic rank, 45 new combinations for species are proposed. 

A comparative account of the larvae of Trichomyia urbica Curtis, Psychodes albipennis Zett., and Phlebotomus argentipes Ann. & Brun. (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Keilin ◽  
P. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Phlebotomus Argentipes ◽  
Sensory Hairs ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
Wood Borer ◽  
Maxillary Palps

From the foregoing brief descriptions it is clear that the larva of Trichomyia urbica stands apart from other psychodid larvae not only in its mode of life, as a wood-borer, but also in its morphology. The regularly cylindrical body, devoid of dorsal plaques and long setae and the densely chitinized head give it a very different appearance from that of other psychodid larvae.The small and heavily chitinized antennae are very different from those found in larvae of Phlebotomus, in which they are 3-segmented; Psychodes, in which they are delicate and dome-like; Sycorax, in which they are long and 4-segmented (Feuerborn, 1933); and Maruina, in which they are formed of small rods (Feuerborn, 1933).The massive toothed mandibles, devoid of sensory processes, differ greatly from those of other genera of psychodids except Phlebotomus. Maruina, Sycorax (see Feuerborn, 1933), and Psychodes all have mandibles with large leaf-like processes and many long plumose or pectinate setae and sensory hairs or processes.The maxillae, in all the three genera examined above, are delicate plates with ill-defined areas representing the maxillary palps, and with many delicate teeth, long setae and sensory processes arising from the body of the maxilla.The lower lip in Trichomyia is very simple and the mentum is hardly distinguishable. In this respect it resembles Psychodes where the mentum is a simple transverse plate, and Maruina (see Feuerborn, 1933) in which it is similar except that the anterior border of the plate is fringed with long setae. In Phlebotomus the mentum is a densely chitinized plate with strong teeth on its anterior margin.The anterior spiracles appear to be much alike in all the genera in which they are present; but in the position of the posterior spiracles Trichomyia, in which they are placed far back on the dorso-lateral region of the last segment, differs from all other genera examined except Phlebotomus, in which they occupy a similar position.Therefore, as regards the shape of the body, nature of the cuticle, absence of long setae and of dorsal plaques, and the structure of the antennae and labrum, the larva of Trichomyia differs from all other psychodid larvae. It shares with the larva of Phlebotomus the possession of strong, simple, toothed, mandibles devoid of long setae and sensory processes. It also resembles Phlebotomus in the poorly defined epipharynx and premandibles on the labrum, and in the position of the posterior spiracles near the middle of the last segment. The weakly developed mentum of Trichomyia larvae, however, differs greatly from that of Phlebotomus larvae in which the mentum is very strongly developed as a toothed plate.

scholarly journals Study on Developing a System with IP Functionality to Monitor the Status of Containers in Maritime Logistics

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Tae Hoon Kim ◽  
Shin Jun Park ◽  
Jong Wook Kim ◽  
Byung-O Kang ◽  
Mi Jin Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Maritime Logistics ◽  
Service Platform ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Opening And Closing

There has been increasing demand from consignors and shipping companies for real-time monitoring of maritime cargo due to increases in fresh, dangerous, and high-value cargo. Although larger carriers have developed and integrated their own systems for such real-time monitoring services, small- and medium-sized shippers are struggling with the heavy costs and workforce associated with such capability. This study introduces a system that can do real-time monitoring of the location of shipping containers and their internal status by using IP-RFID that in cludes IP functionality. This system is composed of a tag, a smart point, and a service platform.  The monitoring tags are attached to regular containers to track the opening and closing of the doors, the internal temperature, and humidity. The tags then send the data to the smart point where the GPS information is added. The data packet is then finally transmitted to the service platform for location tracking.  In particular, as the tags in this system have IP functionality like Multicast, they are capable of communicating with the users and also allow users to control them. In order to provide such functionality, the smart points can serve as a gateway between the service platform and the tag. By managing the tag’s connection information and the status of transmission at the smart point, the service platform can directly communicate with tags connected to the respective smart point. This technology could be applied in a diverse range of maritime and non-maritime areas including warehouse management. As for maritime logistics, it also often goes through ground, port, and air transportation phases. Further studies should monitor the actual performance of this equipment across the various phases of maritime logistics to empirically test the systems proposed herein.

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

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