Characterization of experimental Cryptosporidium parvum infection in IFN-γ knockout mice

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIANGDONG YOU ◽  
J. R. MEAD
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Ifn Γ

Severe cryptosporidial infections were produced in gamma interferon (IFN-γ) knockout mice. Mean oocyst shedding increased from 332 to 30717 oocysts/100 μl of faecal suspension between day 4 and 9 after administration of 1×105 oocysts/mouse. No significant differences in oocyst shedding were observed in mice after being inoculated with 1×105, 1×104 or 1×103 oocysts/mouse (P>0·05). Infected mouse weights decreased an average 3–4 g before death or euthanization. Histological studies revealed heavy parasite colonization in small intestinal epithelium (approximately 250 organisms/high-power field at ×400). Mesenteric lymph nodes in infected mice were markedly enlarged compared to controls (P<0·05). Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations increased in spleens of infected mice while the B cell population increased in mesenteric lymph nodes from infected mice. No significant proliferation was observed when pooled lymphocytes from infected mice were exposed to C. parvum antigens in vitro. Addition of recombinant mouse IFN-γ did not restore antigen responsiveness. While lymphoproliferative responses to specific antigen were not significant in the short period following infection, this mouse model provides unique features to study the characteristics of acute infection and the immune response against C. parvum.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of total macrophage content in adult mouse tissues. Immunochemical studies with monoclonal antibody F4/80.

1985 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Lee ◽  
P M Starkey ◽  
S Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Mouse Tissues

We have estimated the macrophage content of different tissues of the normal adult mouse using F4/80, a highly specific antigen marker for mature mouse macrophages. An absorption indirect binding assay was used to quantitate F4/80 antigen against a calibration standard made from the J774.2 macrophage-like cell line. The richest sources of tissue F4/80 antigen were found to be bone marrow, spleen, cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes, large bowel, liver, kidneys, and small bowel. The organs that have the highest total F4/80 antigen content are the liver, large bowel, small bowel, bone marrow, spleen, cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes, and kidney. We conclude that the mononuclear phagocyte system is mainly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, followed by hemopoietic and lymphoid tissues.

FAS EXPRESSION IS ALTERED IN MESENTERIC LYMPH NODES FOLLOWING SCALD BURN IN TCR DELTA KNOCKOUT MICE

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. A40
Author(s):  
Kenneth J Woodside ◽  
Xiaowu Wu ◽  
Juquan Song ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Tao Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

scholarly journals Expression of Regulatory T Cells in Jejunum, Colon, and Cervical and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania infantum

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 3704-3712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Figueiredo ◽  
Beatriz Deoti ◽  
Izabela F. Amorim ◽  
Aldair J. W. Pinto ◽  
Andrea Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTUsing flow cytometry, we evaluated the frequencies of CD4+and CD8+T cells and Foxp3+regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mononuclear cells in the jejunum, colon, and cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of dogs naturally infected withLeishmania infantumand in uninfected controls. All infected dogs showed chronic lymphadenitis and enteritis. Despite persistent parasite loads, no erosion or ulcers were evident in the epithelial mucosa. The colon harbored more parasites than the jejunum. Frequencies of total CD4+, total Foxp3, and CD4+Foxp3+cells were higher in the jejunum than in the colon. Despite negative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum results for cytokines, levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were higher in the jejunum than in the colon for infected dogs. However, IL-4 levels were higher in the colon than in the jejunum for infected dogs. There was no observed correlation between clinical signs and histopathological changes or immunological and parasitological findings in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of canines with visceral leishmaniasis. However, distinct segments of the GIT presented different immunological and parasitological responses. The jejunum showed a lower parasite load, with increased frequencies and expression of CD4, Foxp3, and CD8 receptors and IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines. The colon showed a higher parasite load, with increasing expression of IL-4.Leishmania infantuminfection increased expression of CD4, Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and reduced CD8 and IL-4 expression in both the jejunum and the colon.

STUDY OF LYMPHOCTYE INTERACTION IN HUMAN MESENTERIC LYMPH NODES IN VITRO

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
AW Cripps ◽  
RL Clancy ◽  
H Chipchase ◽  
EJ Hennessy
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

scholarly journals High prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in dairy farms: Evidence for possible gastrointestinal transmission

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249341
Author(s):  
Fang Xu ◽  
Lili Tian ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xuelian Zhang ◽  
Yayin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Transmission Modes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Wild Life

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) represents one of major zoonotic diseases among cattle, it also affects the health of human, other domestic animals and wild life populations. Inhalation of infected aerosol droplets is considered as the most frequent route of the infection. This study aims to investigate the current forms of tuberculosis in cattle and identify the possible transmission modes in dairy farms of China. 13,345 cows from eight dairy farms in three provinces were comprehensively diagnosed by a multitude of assays, including SIT, CIT, IFN-γ assay and ELISA. It has been indicated that advanced infection of bTB was found in 752 (5.64%) cattle, suggesting a high prevalence of tuberculosis in these dairy farms. In the necropsy examination of 151 positive cattle, typical bTB lesions were observed in 131 cattle (86.75%), of which, notably, 90.84% lesions appeared in liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, mammary lymph nodes and other organs, taking up a large proportion among cattle with advanced bTB infection. 71.26% extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) was related to gastrointestinal system. M. bovis nucleic acid was further found in milk and feces samples and M. bovis was even isolated from milk samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome sequencing unraveled that six isolates were closely related to M. bovis AF2122/97 originated from UK, whereas four isolates shared close relation to M. bovis 30 from China, respectively. Our data demonstrate that the increase of EPTB transmitted by digestive tract is implicated in the current high prevalence rate of bTB in China, which also provides leads for bTB control in other countries with high prevalence of bTB in the future.

scholarly journals Analysis of IL-2 Production in Hookworm Infected Hamsters Using Generated Polyclonal Antibodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Ewa Długosz ◽  
Jarosław Cendrowski ◽  
Piotr Bąska ◽  
Anna Siwińska ◽  
Halina Wędrychowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ancylostoma Ceylanicum ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Race Pcr

Abstract The aim of the study was cloning and analysis of the entire coding sequence of hamster IL-2 by the method of RACE-PCR, its expression in Escherichia coli cells, and production of IL-2 specific antibodies. These antibodies were used to determine in vitro IL-2 production by cells derived from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of Ancylostoma ceylanicum infected hamsters. The highest concentration of IL-2 was noted in supernatants from cell cultures coming from the oldest, most resistant hamsters.

scholarly journals Adiponectin deficiency does not affect development and progression of spontaneous colitis in IL-10 knockout mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. G382-G387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pini ◽  
Melissa E. Gove ◽  
Raja Fayad ◽  
Robert J. Cabay ◽  
Giamila Fantuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Similar Decrease

The goal of this study was to investigate the role of the adipokine adiponectin (APN) in development of spontaneous colitis in IL-10 knockout (KO) mice. To this aim, we generated double IL-10 APN KO mice and compared their disease development to that of single IL-10 KO mice. Both IL-10 KO and double IL-10 APN KO mice spontaneously developed colitis of comparable severity. No significant differences in inflammatory infiltrate or crypt elongation were observed in colonic tissue obtained from IL-10 KO and double IL-10 APN KO mice at either 12 or 20 wk of age. A comparable increase in circulating levels of serum amyloid A and IFN-γ was observed in IL-10 KO and double IL-10 APN KO mice as disease progressed. In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 induced a significantly higher production of IL-17 and TNF-α in IL-10 KO and double IL-10 APN KO mice compared with their healthy littermates. No significant differences in cytokine production from lymphocytes or colonic mRNA expression of cytokines were observed between IL-10 KO and double IL-10 APN KO mice. Both IL-10 KO and double IL-10 APN KO mice had a similar decrease in body weight and bone mass compared with their respective healthy littermates. Finally, APN deficiency did not lead to development of insulin resistance, either in APN KO or double IL-10 APN KO mice. In conclusion, lack of APN does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous colonic inflammation in the IL-10 KO model.

scholarly journals Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-mediated relaxation pathway in bovine mesenteric lymph nodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 484 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-648
Author(s):  
G. I. Lobov ◽  
D. P. Dvoretskii
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Relaxation Mechanism ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Chloride ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Lymph Node Capsule ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

In vitro, endothelium-dependent relaxation mechanisms of smooth muscle cells of the bovine mesenteric lymph node capsule have been studied. The addition of L-NAME and indomethacin to physiological saline inhibited the production of endothelium NO and prostacyclin. In this solution, tetraethylammonium chloride and TRAM-34 increased the tone of the precontracted lymph nodes. Thus, in bovine mesenteric lymph nodes there is an relaxation mechanism mediated by endothelial hyperpolarization, realized by activating Ca2+-dependent K+-channels of large- and intermediate conductance.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Lymphocyte Populations duringTrypanosoma cruziInfection: From Thymocyte Depletion to Differential Cell Expansion/Contraction in Peripheral Lymphoid Organs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Morrot ◽  
Juliana Barreto de Albuquerque ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Berbert ◽  
Carla Eponina de Carvalho Pinto ◽  
Juliana de Meis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

The comprehension of the immune responses in infectious diseases is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we review current findings on the dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulations following experimental acute infection byTrypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. In the thymus, although the negative selection process of the T-cell repertoire remains operational, there is a massive thymocyte depletion and abnormal release of immature CD4+CD8+cells to peripheral lymphoid organs, where they acquire an activated phenotype similar to activated effector or memory T cells. These cells apparently bypassed the negative selection process, and some of them are potentially autoimmune. In infected animals, an atrophy of mesenteric lymph nodes is also observed, in contrast with the lymphocyte expansion in spleen and subcutaneous lymph nodes, illustrating a complex and organ specific dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulations. Accordingly, T- and B-cell activation is seen in subcutaneous lymph nodes and spleen, but not in mesenteric lymph nodes. Lastly, although the function of peripheral CD4+CD8+T-cell population remains to be definedin vivo, their presence may contribute to the immunopathological events found in both murine and human Chagas disease.

Effects of Inhaled Hexachlorobenzene Aerosols on Rat Pulmonary Host Defenses

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Sherwood ◽  
Peter T. Thomas ◽  
William J. O'shea ◽  
Jeannie N. Bradof ◽  
Helen V. Ratajczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cell Mitogen

Pulmonary bactericidal activity, macrophage phagocytic activity, alveolar macrophage (AM) enzyme activity, and T- and B-cell mitogenesis of lymphocytes from lung associated lymph nodes (LALN) or mesenteric lymph nodes (MESLN) were assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed 4 hr/d, 4 days/wk for 1, 4, or 16 days to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) aerosols. Pulmonary bactericidal activity was depressed after 1 or 4 but not 16 exposures to 35 mg/m3 of HCB. AM phagocytosis of 51Cr-RBC in vitro was increased after 4 but not 1 or 16 exposures to HCB, and no effect was observed in peritoneal macrophages. HCB significantly enhanced mitogenesis in MESLN to the B-cell mitogen Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (STM) after 4 exposures; LALN STM mitogenesis and LALN and MESLN mitogenesis to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were not affected. After 16 exposures, however, the PHA responses in LALN and MESLN were significantly increased and decreased, respectively.

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