Spaces and Times

Philosophy ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 37 (140) ◽  
pp. 130-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Quinton
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Material Things

We are accustomed to thinking of space and time as particulars or individuals—even if we should hesitate to describe them as things or objects or substances. We say ‘space has three dimensions’, ‘material things occupy space’, ‘the debris has disappeared into space’ and we talk in a comparable fashion about time. Not only do we think of space and time as individuals but, in many connections at any rate, we think of them as unique individuals. When we talk about spaces and times in the plural, when we say ‘fill up the spaces on the form’, ‘it could go in the space between the lamp and the door’, ‘there were peaceful times in the early years of their marriage’ we think of these multiple spaces and times as parts of the unique allencompassing space and the unique all-encompassing time. Kant believed that we could not help thinking of them in this way. We do, at any rate, in fact think like this and it is this conviction that I want to examine.

scholarly journals Otoritas hadis sirah sebagai referensi yuridis-dogmatis dalam Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Dzikri Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
And Behaviors

Muslims researchers make separation between legal traditions (ah}a>dith al-ah}ka>m) documented in theliterature traditions; and historical traditions (ah}ad> ith al-sira) are summarized in the literature of classicalIslamic historiography. But it turns out in a number of Sirah literature, there are some traditions ofAhk} am found. In contras, in the h}adith literatures, there are also found historical tradition. From here,it can be stated that the tradition has three dimensions at once; historical dimension, categorized ashadith Sirah; juridical dimension, identified as hadith Ahk} am; and historical and juridical dimension aswell. For this latter form, the hadith can be flexible and conditional, in the sense that when it is containedin the literature historiography, categorized as h}adith Sirah, and vice versa, as contained in the Hadithliterature in the form of juridical -dogmatic,- it is categorized as a hadith al-Ah}ka>m. Therefore, thehadith sira patterned in two functions; justification prophetic treatise (dala’> il Nabawiyya); and juridical -dogmatic arguments (dala>’il diniyyah). These two functions are the implications of the concept ofimitation of the Prophet as an integral whole, because its realization as a model of humanity , philosophicallycould not limited by space and time. Life events and behaviors Nabawiyya being operatedfrom childhood until the prophetic, always maintained from disobedience (‘ismah) , in addition to alsoendowed a number of advantages , as a sign that he is a ‘candidate’ prophets and apostles (irha>s)

scholarly journals Introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jeff Horn
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
French Identity

Through a variety of disciplinary lenses, this innovative forum, coedited with Victoria Thompson, investigates a particular cultural space and time, namely the emergence of proto–roller coasters known as montagnes russes or “Russian mountains” in Paris in 1817. Peggy Davis, Sun-Young Park, and Christine Haynes depict the early years of the Restoration (1814/1815–1830) as a liminal moment in the emergence of modernity. Although this forum began as a panel at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Society for French Historical Studies, the authors have extended and improved their pieces significantly. Taken together, they show that as foreigners flocked to Paris and the French adjusted to diminished circumstances in the aftermath of Napoleon’s second defeat, identities were in flux. This forum explores how and why the montagnes russes became such a cultural phenomenon and suggests their role in forging a new French identity in the wake of war and revolution.

scholarly journals A concept of potential future-gen radio spectrum administration seeking easy access spectrum paradigm figured on signal to interference noise ratio and interference thresholds

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
MU Kabir ◽  
MA Sobhan ◽  
MKA Khan ◽  
F Ahmed ◽  
MN Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Interference Noise ◽  
The Future ◽  
Water Filling

The obscurity of growing demand for the future generation (Future-Gen) spectrum is a concerned issue to resolve the perplexities and to seek for a more proficient manner in accessing the on hand radio spectrum bands and technologies. Frequency, space and time are the three dimensions of the radio spectrum where interference should not be happened if any one of these diverges between transmitters. Nowadays developing attention of the spectrum sharing technology and different strategies are being cultivated to permit more operators to exchange the spectrum in an opportunistic approach and simultaneously grow elevated to proficiency. The authors intentions aiming at this paper the entirely dispensation of the estimated radio spectrum resources among more interfering apparatuses that function in the similar space area are to make equal with the proposed paradigm from the idea of water filling. To alleviate the troublesome, using the application of the easy access spectrum (EAS) algorithm can easily be accomplished with the reciprocal intervention. Efficient use of the achieved spectrum and equal-smoothed allocation by redispensation in view of their particular QoS requisites are agile by this EAS paradigm. It is really allowed to identify the unused spectrum, which was primarily licensed, and to release it if is needed again.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(4), 279-284, 2015

scholarly journals Analyzing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hubei Province, China: a space–time cube-based approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 3371-3388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlin Zhao ◽  
Liang Ge ◽  
Junwei Liu ◽  
Honghui Liu ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Characteristics

Objective Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a natural–focal infectious disease caused by hantaviruses, resulted in 37 deaths between 2011 and 2015 in Hubei Province, China. HFRS outbreaks are seasonally distributed, exhibiting heterogeneity in space and time. We aimed to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of HFRS epidemics and their probable influencing factors. Methods We used the space–time cube (STC) method to investigate HFRS epidemics in different space–time locations. STC can be used to visualize the trajectories of moving objects (or changing tendencies) in space and time in three dimensions. We applied space–time statistical methods, including space–time hot spot and space–time local outlier analyses, based on a calculated STC model of HFRS cases, to identify spatial and temporal hotspots and outlier distributions. We used the space–time gravity center method to reveal associations between possible factors and HFRS epidemics. Results In this research, HFRS cases for each space–time location were defined by the STC model, which can present the dynamic characteristics of HFRS epidemics. The STC model delivered accurate and detailed results for the spatiotemporal patterns of HFRS epidemics. Conclusion The methods in this paper can potentially be applied for infectious diseases with similar spatial and temporal patterns.

scholarly journals A Critical Analysis of Education for Sustainability in Early Childhood Curriculum Documents in China and Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyi Li ◽  
Yulin Zhang ◽  
Lehan Yuan ◽  
Åsta Birkeland
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Early Childhood Curriculum ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Cultural Aspects

Purpose: This article examines how early childhood curriculum documents in two culturally different contexts are associated with current concepts of sustainability and principles of early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS) in China and Norway. Design/Approach/Methods: Applying critical document analysis, the study explores a number of landmark curriculum documents from China and Norway, comparing the ways in which ECEfS is conceptualized, including the concept of sustainability, children as agents of change for sustainability, and sustainability in young children’s everyday lives. Findings: Corresponding to the analytical framework, China and Norway attach different importance to the three dimensions of sustainability—social-cultural, economic, and environmental. For example, Norway has a more autonomous view of children’s agency, while China gives more emphasis to teachers’ support. The two countries also have different perspectives on how to work with families and communities based on significantly different traditions and institutions. The comparative document analysis argues that predominant cultural dimensions in each context, such as collectivist and individualistic factors, may shape the understandings of sustainability in each country’s early years’ curriculum documents. Originality/Values: By broadening the focus on the social-cultural aspects of sustainability, this study extends the development of a culturally inclusive understanding of the concept of sustainability and contextualized/localized approaches to ECEfS across the globe.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Parental Support for Numeracy and Literacy in Early Childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Leanne Elliott ◽  
Peter Zheng ◽  
Melissa Libertus
Keyword(s):  
Parental Support ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Parental Beliefs ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Home Literacy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources ◽  
Literacy Activities

Past research has examined parental support for children’s math and reading skills in the early years through parents’ reports of their activities with their children in somewhat inconsistent ways. In this study, we use data from a large sample of parents (n = 259; 103 males) collected through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to examine dimensions of parental enrichment in both support for literacy and numeracy skills at home. Additionally, we examine how socioeconomic resources as well as parental beliefs relate to these dimensions of the home literacy and home numeracy environment. Factor analyses revealed two dimensions of literacy activities (i.e., passive and active literacy activities) and three dimensions of numeracy activities (i.e., numeracy applications, basic numeracy, and written numeracy activities). Income was positively associated with active literacy activities, whereas parents’ educational attainment was negatively associated with active literacy activities and written numeracy activities. Additionally, parental beliefs, including their beliefs about the importance of literacy and math skills as well as their perceived responsibility for teaching their children reading, math, and language skills, related to home literacy and numeracy activities in distinctive ways. These results suggest that future research should explore parental enrichment practices with greater nuance, particularly when examining associations with socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Kant’s Concept of Space and Time in the Light of Modern Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Ilya Dvorkin
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Relationship

Although the name of Immanuel Kant has survived in the history of culture as the name of one of the greatest philosophers of modern times, Kant's role as a scientist is also very important. His work in the field of cosmology and physics is directly related to philosophy. Kant's development of the transcendental method was a direct result of thinking about the relationship between mathematics and experiment. Transcendentalism and Kant's theory of subjectivity continue the development of physics from Galileo to Newton and Leibniz. This is especially true of his theory of space and time. All this should have turned transcendental aesthetics into a turning point in the development of mathematical natural science. However, in practice, the alienation of the natural sciences from philosophy has only intensified. An analysis of the scientific revolution at the beginning of the 20th century shows the enormous role of Kant's ideas in it in repulsing scientists from Kantianism. Weinert, a researcher of the relationship of 20th century physics to Kant's philosophy, shows that Einstein, being a Kantian as a philosopher, opposed Kantianism as a physicist. He enthusiastically accepted the Kantian idea of the autonomy of theoretical knowledge, but did not accept the concept a priori. An approach in which experience and theory do not precede each other, but are in constant interaction, is defined in the article as experimental transcendentalism. With the methodological difference between physics and philosophy, the concept of space and time in modern physics has a deep similarity with the transcendental doctrine. The definition of the qualitative structure of space (Analysis Situs), including the theoretical substantiation of its three dimensions, was the subject of reflections of scientists from Galileo, Leibniz and Kant to Einstein and Poincaré.

scholarly journals The Telegraphic Revolution: Speed, Space and Time in the Nineteenth Century*

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Modern Germany ◽  
Revolution Speed ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Space Compression ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Market Capitalism

Abstract This article investigates the impact of the ‘communications revolution’ upon experiences of time and space during the nineteenth century. Focusing upon the first three decades of telegraphic communication, it unpacks the assumptions underlying linear narratives of ‘acceleration’ and ‘time-space compression’ to understand the roots of Germany’s fraught relationship to modernity. In doing so, it highlights the importance of the changes which took place between the 1848 revolutions and the early years of the Kaiserreich and which laid the foundations for the peculiarities of the Wilhelmine Era. During this period, it argues, the perceived impact of telegraphic communication, the ‘expansion’ or ‘contraction’ of space and time, varied from one person and place to another, reflecting the technology’s progressive and uneven expansion across Germany. Access to new networks of communication was dependent upon, and in turn influenced, the changing status of individuals, towns and the countryside experiencing the forces of industrialization, market capitalism and globalization. Speed, space and time, as a result, became a measure of the divisions emerging in modern Germany.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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