Ecological variation of three types of suicide

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bagley ◽  
Solomon Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
Ecological Variation ◽  
Class Status

SynopsisThe hypothesis has been tested that three types of suicide (‘old and handicapped’, ‘sociopathic’ and ‘depressed’) will vary in prevalence across ecologically defined urban areas. The hypothesis is supported with respect to ‘old and handicapped’ suicide, which predominates in middleclass areas with established residents of middle-class status; and with respect to ‘sociopathic’ suicide, which predominates in central areas with high rates of social pathology of all kinds, and poor housing conditions.

The Right to Dream: Gender, Modernity, and the Problem of Class in Kate O'Brien's Bourgeois Bildungsromane

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Naoise Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Female Identity ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Class Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aristocratic Culture ◽  
Modern Form

Feminist critics have celebrated Kate O'Brien's pioneering approach to gender and sexuality, yet there has been little exploration of her innovations of the coming-of-age narrative. Creating a modern Irish reworking of the Bildungsroman, O'Brien's heroines represent an idealized model of female identity-formation which stands in sharp contrast to the nationalist state's vision of Irish womanhood. Using Franco Moretti's theory of the Bildungsroman, a framing of the genre as a thoroughly ‘modern’ form of the novel, this article applies a critical Marxist lens to O'Brien's output. This reading brings to light the ways in which the limitations of the Bildungsroman work to constrain O'Brien's subversive politics. Their middle-class status remains an integral part of the identity of her heroines, informing the forms of liberation they seek. Fundamentally, O'Brien's idealization of aristocratic culture, elitist exceptionalism and ‘detachment of spirit’ restricts the emancipatory potential of her vision of Irish womanhood.

Beyond studentification in United States College Towns: Neighborhood change in the knowledge nodes, 1980–2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S Foote
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
College Towns ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Geographies

With the rise of the cognitive-cultural (or knowledge) economy, urban areas around the world have experienced significant changes in their social geographies. Studentification is one such change that has occurred in cities hosting major universities around the world. This study extends the analysis of social change to vital knowledge nodes in the networked global economy: United States college towns. K-means cluster analysis is used to identify neighborhood types in ten cities with major research universities across four Census years: 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Temporal and spatial analyses are then conducted to determine how these knowledge nodes have changed with the decline of the industrial economy and the rise of the knowledge economy. The analysis indicates the presence of six neighborhood types in these college towns: Middle Class, Minority-Concentrated, Stability, Elite, Mix/Renter, and Student. Over the course of the study period, the number of Elite neighborhoods increased considerably, while the number of Middle Class neighborhoods plummeted. The number of Mix/Renter neighborhoods also increased. Spatially, Student and Minority-Concentrated neighborhoods generally remained fairly clustered in the same areas across the study period. Elite neighborhoods spread across wider geographical areas over the course of the study period. These results are compared to previous studies on neighborhood change. The comparisons reveal that the knowledge nodes show some similar patterns to studentifying cities and to rapidly growing nodes in areas with ties to the global knowledge economy.

Measurement and Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty Using Fuzzy Set Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 495-509
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Government

The study was carried out to measure and analyse aspect based multidimensional poverty in rural and urban Haryana using a fuzzy set approach. The necessary data for the study was obtained from the 69th round conducted in 2012 by the NSSO on drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and housing conditions. The Totally Fuzzy and Relative Approach was used. The fuzzy multidimensional poverty index for rural, urban and overall Haryana was calculated based on drinking water, sanitation, and housing conditions. The results revealed that 33.28 percent of households in Haryana overall were multidimentionally poor, with 36.64 percent of households in rural and 30.46 percent in urban areas. The government should lay the water connections and water pipes, construction of individual household latrines, sanitary complex for women, school, and sanitation housing schemes for all BPL families under schemes initiated by the government to overcome poverty based on these aspects.

scholarly journals Social representations and ideology: Theories of common sense about COVID-19 among middle-class Brazilians and their ideological implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo Silva Souza ◽  
Emma O’Dwyer ◽  
Sabrine Mantuan dos Santos Coutinho ◽  
Sharmistha Chaudhuri ◽  
Laila Lilargem Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Social

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of billions of people worldwide. Individuals and groups were compelled to construct theories of common sense about the disease to communicate and guide practices. The theory of social representations provides powerful concepts to analyse the psychosocial construction of COVID-19. This study aimed to understand the social representations of COVID-19 constructed by middle-class Brazilian adults and their ideological implications, providing a social-psychological analysis of these phenomena while the pandemic is still ongoing. We adopted a qualitative approach based on semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted online in April-May 2020. Participants were 13 middle-class Brazilians living in urban areas. We analysed the interviews with thematic analysis and a phenomenological approach. The social representations were organised around three themes: 1) a virus originated in human actions and with anthropocentric meanings (e.g., a punishment for the human-led destruction of the environment); 2) a dramatic disease that attacks the lungs and kills people perceived to have “low immunity”; and 3) a disturbing pandemic that was also conceived as a correction event with positive consequences. The social representations included beliefs about the individualistic determination of immunity, the attribution of divine causes to the pandemic, and the need for the moral reformation of humankind. The discussion highlights the ideological implications of these theories of common sense. Socially underprivileged groups are at greater COVID-19-related risk, which the investigated social representations may contribute to conceal and naturalise.

scholarly journals POLITICAL ABSTENTION IN THE INDIAN MIDDLE CLASS, THE RISE OF POPULISM AND THE REINFORCEMENT OF RENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkaprabha Pal
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
Urban Indian ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Major Section

The Indian middle class witnessed a reconfiguration in its composition after the failure of the secular nationalists in their method of development and redistribution of resources. This reconfiguration used cultural and religious fundamentalism in the form of Hindutva as its instrument to assert their right to access the resources and strive towards a non-State centric redistribution. However, this new middle class, which was mainly conversing in the vernacular and had its base in the smaller urban areas, was also faced with the assertion of the lower class identarian groups. In such a situation, a large section of the urban Indian middle class shied away from taking part in the electoral process citing moral crises of the corrupt secular English speaking elite on one hand and the lowly criminal nature of the lower class political assertion on the other. Taking hints from the works of Christophe Jaffrelot, I would try to argue in this paper, that non-participation of a major section of the urban middle class was a manifestation of securing the rechanneled and partially redistributed rent legitimised through the instrument of Hindutva. This has led to increased persona-centric populist narratives from the mid-1990s to the present times with efforts to undermine parliamentary democracy (which is associated as an institiution of the immoral secular nationalists). This in turn, I would try to argue by the end of this paper, has again assisted in concretising the very rent-seeking practices and patron-client political relationships that the new middle class had initially opposed to rise to political prominence throughout the late 1970s and 1980s

Creating modern women: The kitchen in postcolonial Singapore, 1960–90

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-434
Author(s):  
Ying-kit Chan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
The State ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Class Status

This article examines the modern kitchen as a technological artefact and a mechanism through which the postcolonial Singaporean state and agents of household consumerism such as advertisers, retailers, home economists, and social scientists constructed the image of a modern Singaporean woman. By revealing how the female consumer-cum-homemaker became a symbol of material success and middle-class status in Fordist Singapore, the article highlights two types of domestication: the subordination of women to the patriarchal imperatives of family and nation, and the transformation of hard successes in the economy into soft comforts in the kitchen. This article suggests that although the state had narrowed the gap between popular expectations for improved living standards and its ability to fulfil them, it also unwittingly enmeshed definitions of femininity, womanhood, and female citizenship in a series of contradictions and tensions that had implications for contemporary Singaporean society.

scholarly journals Raising Successful Offspring by Chinese Middle-Class Parents

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Yuk-ha Tsang ◽  
Pak K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
Sociocultural Approach ◽  
Class Status

This article analyses the intergenerational mobility of the Chinese “new middle class” in Shanghai, China. Building on the Bourdieusian concept of social capital, it puts forward a sociocultural approach to explaining the reproduction of the middle class in contemporary urban China. It explores why cultural capital and marketable professional qualification are not enough for younger members of this class to secure their class status and upward mobility. It also discusses how and why the pre-reform socialist social institutions of danwei (work unit) and hukou (household registration) continue to play decisive roles in consolidating the middle class’ life status in post-reform China. This study finds that middle-class parents capitalise on their accrued and privileged guanxi (interpersonal relationship), built on the socialist social institutions, to help their children find good jobs to maintain their own upward intergenerational mobility.

scholarly journals Needles, China Cups, Books, and the Construction of the Victorian Feminine Ideal in Rhoda Broughton’S Not Wisely, but too Well and Elizabeth Gaskell’S North and South

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Setecka
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Reality Effect ◽  
Class Status ◽  
Elements Of Style ◽  
And Function ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Considering Victorian presentation of women as angelic, that is, spiritual, beings, it is rather surprising how much their presence was manifested by material objects. Baskets of needlework, tea equipage and novels lying around in a parlour were an unmistakable sign of the house being occupied by women. Indeed, my contention is, the objects did not clutter Victorian interiors, either real or imagined, merely for practical reasons or to produce the “reality effect.” They are a material representation of the immaterial and function as metaphors for angelic women’s spiritual qualities. Rather than functioning merely as details to enhance the illusion of the real (and thus as elements of style) or simply reflecting the Victorian world (and thus as empty forms), material objects are essential in constructing a middle-class (feminine) identity. My paper concentrates on Rhoda Broughton’s Not wisely, but too well and Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South with an attempt to show how objects help construct a feminine ideal and, simultaneously, reveal the ideal to be just a construction. Broughton’s Kate Chester and Gaskell’s Margaret Hale find themselves in situations where their middle-class status might be compromised. Still, they both manage to reassert their position through effectively manipulating the signs of middle-class respectability. The “flimsy and useless” things they surround themselves with point to their “essentially feminine” qualities. Yet, the very superfluity of the objects reveals their relation to the characters’ economic status. They are, then, the site where the material and immaterial meet, where the borders between the economic world and the domestic world blur.

Soccer Fields of Cultural [Re]Production: Creating “Good Boys” in Suburban America

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Dominant Class ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Specific Field ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Class Status ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
Soccer Fields

Zwick and Andrews (1999) argued that suburban American soccer fields merit critical academic attention because they highlight the practices of a dominant class. To gain an understanding of this specific field of power and privilege, I employed a multifaceted ethnographic approach to studying a group of upper-middle-class mothers whose children played youth soccer. I used Pierre Bourdieu’s (1984, 1993) sociological theories regarding the interplay between habitus and capital to analyze how the mothers shaped their sons’ youth sport experience to reproduce class status and social advantage in the next generation.

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