The prevalence of depressive disorders and the distribution of depressive symptoms in later life: a survey using Draft ICD-10 and DSM-III-R

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Henderson ◽  
A. F. Jorm ◽  
A. Mackinnon ◽  
H. Christensen ◽  
L. R. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Formal Case ◽  
Depressive Episodes

SynopsisThe point prevalence of depressive disorders was estimated in a sample of persons aged 70 years and over, which included both those living in the community and those in institutional settings. Lay interviewers administered the Canberra Interview for the Elderly to the subjects and their informants. The point prevalence of depressive episodes as defined by the Draft ICD-10 diagnostic criteria was 3·3%. The rate for DSM-III-R major depressive disorder was 1·0%. The latter prevalence rate is similar to those reported elsewhere for the elderly. Evidence is accumulating that older persons may indeed have low rates for depressive disorders at the formal case level. Possible reasons for this finding are offered.A scale for depressive symptoms, based exclusively on those specified in Draft ICD-10 and DSM-III-R, showed that the elderly do experience many depressive symptoms. Contrary to expectation, these did not increase with age. The number of depressive symptoms was correlated with neuroticism, poor physical health, disability and a history of previous depression. Attention now needs to be directed to the clinical significance of depressive symptoms below the case level in elderly persons.

The course of depression in the elderly: a longitudinal community-based study in Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. HENDERSON ◽  
A. E. KORTEN ◽  
P. A. JACOMB ◽  
A. J. MACKINNON ◽  
A. F. JORM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sample Attrition ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Depressive States

Background. We report the outcome of depressive states after 3-4 years in a community sample of the elderly.Methods. A sample of 1045 persons aged 70+ years in 1990–1 was re-interviewed after 3·6 years.Results. Mortality (21·7%) and refusal or non-availability (10·4%) were higher in those who initially had had a diagnosis or symptoms of depression. Of those with an ICD-10 depressive episode in 1990–1, 13% retained that diagnosis. Of those who were not depressed initially only 2·5% had become cases. Depression was unrelated to age or apolipoprotein E genotype. The best predictors of the number of depressive symptoms at follow-up was the number at Wave 1, followed by deterioration in health and in activities of daily living, high neuroticism, poor current health, poor social support, low current activity levels and high service use. Depressive symptoms at Wave 1 did not predict subsequent cognitive decline or dementia.Conclusions. Non-random sample attrition is unavoidable. ICD-10 criteria yield more cases than other systems, while continuous measures of symptoms confer analytical advantages. Risk factors for depressive states in the elderly have been further identified. The prognosis for these states is favourable. At the community level, depressive symptoms do not seem to predict cognitive decline, as they do in referred series.

scholarly journals Socio-Medical Aspects of Depression Among Elderly Adults in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Svetlana Radevic ◽  
Nela Djonovic ◽  
Natasa Mihailovic ◽  
Ivana Simic Vukomanovic ◽  
Katarina Janicijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Social Level

Abstract Depression is the most frequent mental health problem in older age with serious consequences on personal, interpersonal and social level. The aim of this study was to determine the association of demographic factors, socio-economic factors and health status characteristics, with the presence of depressive symptoms in the elderly persons. The survey was conducted as a part of the national study “Health Survey of the Serbian population” in 2013. Data on the population aged 65 years and over were used for the purposes of this study (3540 respondents). PHQ-8 questionnaire was used to assess the presence of symptoms of depression. The relations between the presence of depressive symptoms, as a dependent variable, and a set of independent variables was examined by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Depression (PHQ-8 score≥10) was registered in 10% of the population aged 65 and above, wherein it was statistically significantly higher in women (12.7%) than in men (6.5%). Limitations in performing of daily activities showed to be the strongest predictor of depression in the elderly, while respondents who have had serious limitations had even six times more chanse to develop depression (OR=6.84). Respondents who rated their health as “bad or very bad” for 49.5% more frequently manifested depressive symptoms compared to those who evaluated their health as “very good or good” (OR=3.49). Respondents who have had two or more chronic diseases were three times more likely to have depression (OR=3.1) compared to people without chronic disease.

scholarly journals Untreated Depressive Symptoms Significantly Worsen Quality of Life of the Elderly and may Lead to the Misdiagnosis of Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Voros ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Tamas Tenyi ◽  
Zoltan Rihmer ◽  
Ilona Szili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Adequate Treatment

Abstract Background: Several studies demonstrated the role of depressive mood and cognitive impairment in the background of elevated mortality and decreased Quality of Life (QoL) of the elderly.Methods: In the framework of the ICT4Life project self-administered questionnaires and clinical screening tools were used to assess QoL, depressive symptoms and cognitive functions of 60 elderly over the age of 65.Results: Males found to be depressed and cognitively declined more frequently; and had higher scores on the depression and lower on the QoL scales. Depressed elderly had lower cognitive levels and their QoL was significantly poorer than that of the non-depressed subjects. Depressive disorders were detected in a quarter of the elderly, and the majority of them did not receive adequate antidepressant medication.Conclusions: Close correlation between depression and cognitive impairment was confirmed, as well as the key role of depression in the background of QoL decline. Results also highlighted the problems of recognition and adequate treatment of depression and cognitive decline in elderly, which can be further complicated by the common symptoms of depressive pseudo-dementia. Early recognition of depressive symptoms is important not only to treat the underlying mood disorder, but also to improve QoL of the elderly.

Still Feeling Better? Trends in Self-Rated Health of Older Adults in the U.S

2020 ◽  
pp. 016402752096365
Author(s):  
Esther O. Lamidi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Over Time

Previous analyses showed an overall pattern of improvement in self-rated health of U.S. older adults in the 1980s and the 1990s, but it was uncertain if the declining shares of elderly persons reporting fair or poor health would continue over the next decades. Using the 2000–2018 pooled data from the National Health Interview Survey, this study examined recent trends in self-rated health of adults aged 45 and older. The results showed important variations in self-rated health trends across age groups. Between 2000 and 2018, the shares of adults aged 60 and above reporting fair or poor health declined significantly while self-rated health trends for middle-aged adults worsened over time. Educational and racial/ethnic differentials in self-rated health persisted over time but there were important group variations. To further improve the health of the elderly population, it is important to consider changing health disparities in later life.

The Elderly who Live Alone Their Mental Health and Social Relationships

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Henderson ◽  
Ruth Scott ◽  
D. W. K. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Increased Risk

In a community survey of the elderly in Hobart, persons who lived alone were compared to those who lived with others. Those who lived alone were more often widows and had had more education. They had markedly fewer close relationships but as much other social interaction. They reported that their personal networks were as adequate as other elderly persons, yet they experienced much more loneliness. They had no higher a prevalence of depressive disorders or dementia on DSM-III criteria, but they did have a higher frequency of neurotic depression and some depressive symptoms, of which loneliness was one. Contrary to what might intuitively be expected, the elderly who live alone may not be a group at increased risk for formal psychiatric morbidity. Instead, they may have a moderate excess of dysphoric symptoms.

scholarly journals Response style and severity and chronicity of depressive disorders in primary health care

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
K. Riihimäki ◽  
M. Vuorilehto ◽  
P. Jylhä ◽  
E. Isometsä
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Depressive Episodes

AbstractBackgroundResponse styles theory of depression postulates that rumination is a central factor in occurrence, severity and maintaining of depression. High neuroticism has been associated with tendency to ruminate. We investigated associations of response styles and neuroticism with severity and chronicity of depression in a primary care cohort study.MethodsIn the Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study, a stratified random sample of 1119 adult patients was screened for depression using the Prime-MD. Depressive and comorbid psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using SCID-I/P and SCID-II interviews. Of the 137 patients with depressive disorders, 82% completed the prospective five-year follow-up with a graphic life chart enabling evaluation of the longitudinal course of episodes. Neuroticism was measured with the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI-Q). Response styles were investigated at five years using the Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ-43).ResultsAt five years, rumination correlated significantly with scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (r = 0.54), Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.61), Beck Anxiety Inventory (r = 0.50), Beck Hopelessness Scale (r = 0.51) and Neuroticism (r = 0.58). Rumination correlated also with proportion of follow-up time spent depressed (r = 0.38). In multivariate regression, high rumination was significantly predicted by current depressive symptoms and neuroticism, but not by anxiety symptoms or preceding duration of depressive episodes.ConclusionsAmong primary care patients with depression, rumination correlated with current severity of depressive symptoms, but the association with preceding episode duration remained uncertain. The association between neuroticism and rumination was strong. The findings are consistent with rumination as a state-related phenomenon, which is also strongly intertwined with traits predisposing to depression.

Physical Activity and Depression in the Elderly

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. O’Connor ◽  
Louis E. Aenchbacher ◽  
Rod K. Dishman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Exercise is often recommended to elderly persons for enhancing both physical and mental health. This paper reviews the scientific evidence relating physical activity and reduced depression in the elderly. Population based studies and experimental investigations are summarized and critically evaluated. Included is a discussion of some unique challenges that must be met in order for the relationship between depression and physical activity in the elderly to be adequately studied. The weight of the available population based survey evidence, on noninstitutionalized elderly only, suggests a moderate relationship between self-reported physical inactivity and symptoms of depression. However, there is no compelling experimental evidence that exercise per se is effective in preventing or treating depressive disorders in the elderly. Suggestions aimed at improving future research in this area are offered.

Depressive morbidity and gender in community-dwelling Brazilian elderly: systematic review and meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Barcelos-Ferreira ◽  
Rafael Izbicki ◽  
David C. Steffens ◽  
Cássio M. C. Bottino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTBackground: Although studies indicate that community-dwelling elderly have a lower prevalence of major depression compared with younger age groups, prevalence estimates in Brazil show that clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS) and depression are frequent in the older population. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of and factors associated with depressive disorders and symptoms in elderly Brazilians has not previously been reported. The aims were (i) to perform a survey of studies dating from 1991 to 2009 on the prevalence of depressive disorders and CSDS in elderly Brazilians residing in the community; (ii) to determine depression prevalence and identify associated factors; and (iii) develop a meta-analysis to indicate the combined prevalence and the influence of gender on depressive morbidity in this population.Methods: Studies were selected from articles dated between January 1991 and May 2009, extracted from Medline, LILACS and SciELO databases.Results: A total of 17 studies were found, 13 with CSDS, 1 with major depression alone and 3 with major depression and dysthymia, involving the evaluation of 15,491 elderly people. The average age of participants varied between 66.5 and 84.0 years. Prevalence rates of 7.0% for major depression, 26.0% for CSDS, and 3.3% for dysthymia were found. The odds ratios for major depression and CSDS were greater among women. There was a significant association between major depression or CSDS and cardiovascular diseases.Conclusion: The review indicates greater prevalence of both major depression and CSDS compared to rates reported in the international literature, while the prevalence of dysthymia was found to be similar. The high prevalence of CSDS and its significant association with cardiovascular diseases reinforces the importance of evaluating subthreshold depressive symptoms in the elderly in the community.

Soutien social et symptômes dépressifs au sein des personnes âgées

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Landreville ◽  
Philippe Cappeliez
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Main Effect Model ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThere is great interest in identifying psychological and social variables associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. The goal of this article is to review the literature on the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms in the elderly and to identify the mechanisms involved in this relationship. The review indicates that both structural and functional dimensions of social support are inversely related to depressive symptoms in elderly persons. In addition, there is evidence supporting both the main effect model and the buffering effect model of social support. It is unclear, however, whether observation of these effects depends on the type of measure used to assess social support. A better understanding of the relationship between social support and depression requires the consideration of more precise dimensions of social support as well as the nature of the Stressors experienced by older people.

A survey of dementia in the Canberra population: experience with ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Henderson ◽  
A. F. Jorm ◽  
A. Mackinnon ◽  
H. Christensen ◽  
L. R. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

SynopsisA community survey of 1045 persons aged 70 years and over was conducted to identify cases of dementia in the cities of Canberra and Queanbeyan. Cases were identified using the Canberra Interview for the Elderly, administered by lay interviewers. When diagnostic criteria were rigidly applied, the point prevalence of dementia in the combined sample of community and institutional residents was considerably lower by ICD-10 than by DSM-III-R. Both criteria showed a similar rise in prevalence with age, and no gender difference. Agreement between the two systems had a kappa of only 0·48. ‘Probable’ cases by either criteria were identified solely from respondent-provided information in order to include persons for whom no informant was available. The point prevalence of such ‘probable’ cases was more similar for the two systems, and the kappa coefficient of agreement rose to 0·80. Analysis of the various components required for a diagnosis of dementia showed that the prevalence of all increased with age. Components involving cognitive assessment were correlated with education, but other components were not. The results of the study point to important differences between ICD-10 and DSM-III-R diagnoses of dementia.

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