Multiple measures of hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia and depression

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid J. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
The Right ◽  
Conductance Level

SYNOPSISElectrodermal, electroencephalographic and perceptual measures of lateral hemispheric function were obtained from groups of chronic schizophrenics, depressives and normals on 2 occasions, separated by 4 weeks. The measures of hemispheric function were derived from previous research. About half of the schizophrenics were medicated on both occasions; the other schizophrenics underwent drug ‘washout’ before the first session. Results revealed that the measures of laterality were not strongly intercorrelated. In the perceptual task, the schizophrenics and normals displayed different laterality effects. Unlike the normals, the schizophrenics' left hemisphere function appeared to be inferior to the right hemisphere function in the perceptual task. The laterality effects of the depressives and normals differed on two electrodermal measures: skin conductance level and skin conductance response amplitude. The depressives' electrodermal activity from the right hand was diminished as compared with the left hand; the normals did not show this effect. Medication decreased electrodermal activity in the schizophrenics, but had no significant effect on laterality. These results suggest that the various measures of laterality used singly in previous research in psychopathology may not all assess the same phenomenon.

The effect of temporal lobe surgery on electrodermal activity: implications for an organic hypothesis in the aetiology of schizophrenia

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Toone ◽  
E. Cooke ◽  
M. H. Lader
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations ◽  
Conductance Level

SynopsisIt has recently been suggested that the bilateral asymmetry of electrodermal activity (EDA) reported in schizophrenia may be related to unilateral temporal lobe dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, 3 aspects of EDA – skin conductance level (SCL), number of spontaneous fluctuations (SF), and skin conductance response (SCR) – were measured bilaterally in 10 patients who had undergone unilateral temporal lobectomy. No differences could be detected between the operated and non-operated sides within the patient group, nor between the patient and control groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Psychophysiological arousal in different gambling phases in youngs and adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
David Herrero Fernández ◽  
Ana Estevez ◽  
Izaskun Sarabia ◽  
Laura Merino
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Psychophysiological Arousal ◽  
Frequent Problem ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Conductance Level

Nowadays, gambling is increasing as a more frequent problem among the young people. In order to shed light about the physiological correlates of the three phases that were identified in the roulette gambling game (phase of betting, phase of watching the rotation of the roulette and phase of watching the final result), 24 participants, with no pathological gambling problems, participated in three attempts of this game. Heart rate, skin conductance level and skin conductance response were recorded. The results showed that betting phase is the phase where highest arousal is experienced by the participants, followed by the phase of watching the rotation of the roulette. Likewise, it was verified that not getting the prize provokes a quick habituation that is evidenced in the decrease of the arousal in the second phase. Finally, clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Chronic Schizophrenic Disorder

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. White ◽  
J. Farley ◽  
P. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schizophrenic Disorder ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
The Right

Reaction time, set index, critical flicker frequency, two-flash threshold, a sustained performance task and psychophysiological parameters from people with chronic schizophrenic disorder (n = 14) and a control group (n = 12) were analysed to assess the association between arousal, attentional dysfunction and social dysfunction in schizophrenia. Shorter reaction time, rated ability to mime and, in the schizophrenic group, scores on Venable's ward activity scale correlated with each other. In the schizophrenic group, prolonged reaction time latency correlated positively with skin conductance level in the right hand and negatively with skin conductance variability in the left hand, the latter being in the opposite direction to that for the control group. The results may provide support for the hypothesis that lateralised cerebral dysfunction is associated with performance deficits in people with chronic schizophrenic symptoms.

scholarly journals Hemispheric antagonism in visuo-spatial neglect: A case study

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Marshall ◽  
Peter W. Halligan
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Line Bisection ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Line Bisection Task

AbstractWe report a case of severe visuo-spatial neglect consequent upon right-hemisphere stroke. At the time of testing, the patient had no visual field cut and no significant hemiparesis. Conventional testing on cancellation tasks with the right hand revealed reliable left neglect, but performance was significantly improved when the left hand was used. Investigations of (manual) line bisection showed normal performance with the right hand but right neglect when the left hand was used. Right neglect was also observed on a purely perceptual version of the line bisection task. We argue that the attentional vectors of the cerebral hemispheres can be modulated by (perceptual) task-demands and by (motorie) response demands. (JINS, 1996, 2, 412–418.)

scholarly journals Electrodermal activity in relation to diabetes, autonomic neuropathy and aging: a preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Luis Daniel Bolanos ◽  
Jose Maria Vicente ◽  
Oscar Andres Vivas ◽  
Jose Maria Sabater-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Preliminary Study

A reduced electrodermal activity (EDA) may be related to autonomic neuropathy (AN). The aims of this study were to independently study the characteristics of the EDA and its correlation with diabetes and AN. During a selfdesigned test, mean skin conductance level (MSCL), mean skin conductance response (MSCR) to stimuli, and difference in MSCL between feet (DBF) were obtained through a modelbased decomposition based on Bayesian statistics and mathematical convex optimization. A group of 22 subjects were included for the final test. Diabetic patients were stratified based on their clinical history and care habits, dividing them into those out of risk and those at risk of developing AN. Statistical difference was found for the latter regarding MSCR (p < 0,01) and DBF (p < 0,05) with respect to the control group. While past research failed to address potential sources of interference with the EDA measurement, namely emotional state, degree of concentration on the task, and body posture, this study proposes a welldefined protocol to stimulate subjects and acquire proper and reliable EDA data.

Defense Mechanism Test and Electrodermal Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Bogren ◽  
Inga-Britt Bogren ◽  
Lars-Håkan Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Schizophrenic Disorder ◽  
Model Situation ◽  
Defence Strategies ◽  
Conductance Level

Electrodermal activity was registered during examination with the Defense Mechanism Test of 21 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorder, affective disorder, or schizophrenic disorder. The test can be interpreted as a model situation of how a person defends himself against a threat to avoid anxiety. We used Andersson's modified version of the test and tested the hypothesis that electrodermal activity should increase when there were responses categorised as Anxiety and decrease when there were responses categorised as defences or when the threat was correctly identified. We found significant increase in all electrodermal variables in connection with responses categorised as Anxiety. After exposures with responses categorised as Isolation, the maximal skin conductance level and the magnitude of late nonspecific responses were significantly decreased. After exposures when the threat was identified and thus no longer subliminal, the electrodermal activity was significantly decreased. All these findings support our hypothesis. After exposures with responses categorised as Denial all electrodermal variables were significantly increased. Similarly in responses categorised as Repression, Introaggression, and Disavowal or denial of hero's sex the frequency of late nonspecific responses were significantly increased. The increased electrodermal activity could be due to insufficient defence strategies as categorised in the Defense Mechanism Test.

Emotional processing and the autonomic nervous system: a comprehensive meta-analytic investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Silva Moreira ◽  
Pedro Chaves ◽  
Nuno Dias ◽  
Patrício Costa ◽  
Pedro Rocha Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analytic Investigation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Conductance Level

Background: The search for autonomic correlates of emotional processing has been a matter of interest for the scientific community with the goal of identifying the physiological basis of emotion. Despite an extensive state-of-the-art exploring the correlates of emotion, there is no absolute consensus regarding how the body processes an affective state.Objectives: In this work, we aimed to aggregate the literature of psychophysiological studies in the context of emotional induction. Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analytic investigation, comparing different measures from the electrodermal, cardiovascular, respiratory and facial systems across emotional categories/dimensions. Two-hundred and ninety-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were quantitatively pooled in random-effects meta-analytic modelling. Results: Heart rate and skin conductance level were the most reported psychophysiological measures. Overall, there was a negligible differentiation between emotional categories with respect to the pooled estimates. Of note, considerable amount of between-studies’ heterogeneity was found in the meta-analytic aggregation. Self-reported ratings of emotional arousal were found to be associated with specific autonomic-nervous system (ANS) indices, particularly with the variation of the skin conductance level. Conclusions: Despite this clear association, there is still a considerable amount of unexplained variability that raises the need for more fine-grained analysis to be implemented in future research in this field.

Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing versus exposure in vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Muris ◽  
Harald Merckelbach ◽  
Hans Van Haaften ◽  
Birgit Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
Conductance Level

BackgroundEye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new therapeutic technique that has been proposed as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety complaints.MethodWe compared the efficacy of EMDR with that of exposure in viv. in the treatment of a specific phobia. Twenty-two spider-phobic children who met the DSM – III – R criteria for specific phobia participated in the study. Children were treated with one session of exposure in viv. and one session of EMDR in a crossover design. Treatment outcome was evaluated by self-report measures, a behavioural avoidance test and a physiological index (skin conductance level).ResultsResults showed positive effects of EMDR, but also suggest that it is especially self-report measures that are sensitive to EMDR. Improvement on a behavioural measure was less pronounced, and exposure in viv. was found to be superior in reducing avoidance behaviour. With regard to skin conductance level, EMDR and exposure in viv. did not differ.ConclusionsEMDR has no additional value in treatment of this type of animal phobia, for which exposure in viv. is the treatment of choice.

scholarly journals Physiological synchrony promotes cooperative success in real-life interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Behrens ◽  
J. A. Snijdewint ◽  
R. G. Moulder ◽  
E. Prochazkova ◽  
E. E. Sjak-Shie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Gut Feelings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Conductance Level

AbstractCooperation is pivotal for society to flourish and prosper. To ease cooperation, humans express and read emotions and intentions via explicit signals or subtle reflections of arousal visible in the face. Evidence is accumulating that humans synchronize these nonverbal expressions, as well as the physiological mechanisms underlying them, potentially promoting cooperative behavior. The current study is designed to verify the existence of this putative linkage between synchrony and cooperation. To that extent, 152 participants played multiple rounds of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game in a naturalistic dyadic interaction setting. During one round of games they could see each other, and during a second round they could not. The results showed that when people’s heart rate and skin conductance level aligned, they cooperated more successfully. Interestingly, for skin conductance level synchrony to boost cooperation, face to face contact was essential. The effect of heart rate synchrony on cooperation was context independent. Skin conductance level, but not heart rate, tended to closely correlate with changes in pupil size and we discuss how the pupil might provide a window to partners’ sympathetic arousal. These findings show how unconscious mechanisms guide social behavior and emphasize the importance of studying social processes between rather than within individuals in real-life interactions.Significance StatementHuman cooperation is remarkable in its scale, complexity, and efficiency. However, whereas people think of themselves as rational agents, they actually partly base their decision to cooperate with someone on gut feelings. These feelings are informed by non-verbal expressions that are picked up implicitly and that synchronize across interaction partners. For the first time, we show that the alignment of people’s arousal over multiple rounds of the Prisoners’ dilemma game predicts cooperative success. Through synchrony, partners converge emotionally, fostering understanding and bonding, which are key ingredients when it comes to successful cooperation. This suggests that successfully cooperating does not depend on individuals, but on the connection between individuals, emphasizing the importance of studying social decision-making processes in real-life settings.

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