Denotation Variation Degree of Linguistic Sign: an Experimental Study of Interpretative Activity

This article features the concept of denotation variation degree of the linguistic sign, which remains largely understudied. The research introduced the term "denotation variation degree" and revealed its practical and theoretic significance, both for general linguistics and for particular aspects related to the world denotation variation degree as part of individual interpretation. The objective was to describe the denotation variation degree as high or low based on specific vocabulary. The linguistic experiment included two steps; speakers were given a model situation and asked to interpret a definition. Test results demonstrated a low variation degree at the level of the word and denotation correlation because the denotate component had a low potential for notional plurality. High variation degree appeared in connotative and associational word components with a higher potential for the different notional variants.

Accuracy of full-arch digitalization for partially edentulous jaws — a laboratory study on basis of coordinate-based data analysis

Objectives To compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of direct digitization of four different dental gap situation with two IOS (intraoral scanner). Materials and methods Four partially edentulous polyurethane mandible models were used: (1) A (46, 45, 44 missing), (2) B (45, 44, 34, 35 missing), (3) C (42, 41, 31, 32 missing), and (4) D (full dentition). On each model, the same reference object was fixed between the second molars of both quadrants. A dataset (REF) of the reference object was generated by a coordinate measuring machine. Each model situation was scanned by (1) OMN (Cerec AC Omnicam) and (2) PRI (Cerec Primescan AC) (n = 30). Datasets of all 8 test groups (N = 240) were analyzed using inspection software to determine the linear aberrations in the X-, Y-, Z-axes and angular deviations. Mann–Whitney U and two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were used to detect differences for trueness and precision. Results PRI revealed higher trueness and precision in most of the measured parameters ($${\overrightarrow{V}}_{E}$$ V → E 120.95 to 175.01 μm, $$\overrightarrow{V}_{E}$$ V → E (x) − 58.50 to − 9.40 μm, $$\overrightarrow{V}_{E}$$ V → E (z) − 70.35 to 63.50 μm), while OMN showed higher trueness for $$\overrightarrow{V}_{E}$$ V → E (y) regardless of model situation (− 104.90 to 34.55 μm). Model D revealed the highest trueness and precision in most of the measured parameters regardless of IOS ($$\overrightarrow{V}_{E}$$ V → E 120.95 to 195.74 μm, $$\overrightarrow{V}_{E}$$ V → E (x) − 9.40 to 66.75 μm,$$\overrightarrow{V}_{E}$$ V → E (y) − 14.55 to 51.50 μm, $$\overrightarrow{V}_{E}$$ V → E (z) 63.50 to 120.75 μm). Conclusions PRI demonstrated higher accuracy in the X- and Z-axes, while OMN depicted higher trueness in the Y-axis. For PRI, Model A revealed the highest distortion, while for OMN, Model B produced the largest aberrations in most parameters. Clinical relevance Current results suggest that both investigated IOS are sufficiently accurate for the manufacturing of tooth-borne restorations and orthodontic appliances. However, both hardware specifications of IOS and the presence of edentulous gaps in the dental model have an influence on the accuracy of the virtual model dataset.

Wet rolling stones: Growth of a granular aggregate under flow

Wet granulation processes can be driven from low to high water content. In this study, we consider the model situation of the growth of a single wet aggregate rolling in a dry granular flow inside a rotating drum. We measure the time evolution of its diameter for different grains and liquids, as well as various rotation rates of the drum. Using X-ray tomography, we are able to characterize the internal structure of the granular aggregate at different times during the process. We show that the growth rate of the aggregate can be related to the transport of the liquid inside the granule and the capture of grains. We propose a model to rationalize the maximum size of the aggregate and its growth rate.

Economic and Ecological Comparison of Airship and Other Modes of Transport

The article deals with the comparison of airship, air, road, rail and ship transportation from the economic and environmental point of view. The economic aspect is represented by calculations of the transport time and the total price for the fuel consumed. The ecological aspect is expressed in terms of the amount of released CO2 into the atmosphere. The comparison is carried out on a selected route, specifically from Brest in France to Hamburg, Germany. These two points were chosen because they are located at a sufficient distance from each other, close to the airport and the port. The model situation does not take into account the various airport, road or other similar transport charges. Only the distance calculated on suitable roads and routes and the fuel consumption of the means of transport during transport are be taken into account.

Structure of fracture under the joint operation of two mechanisms of local destruction

Рассмотрены примеры сценариев хрупкого разрушения, в которых участвуют два механизма локального разрушения - развитие трещин нормального разрыва и компактирование, либо торошение, при сжатии. Работа является продолжением исследований структур разрушения в условиях сжатия [1]. Показано, что в модельной ситуации с цепочкой отверстий в пластине выбор механизма формирования локальных очагов разрушения или их совместного действия зависит от ориентации системы отверстий относительно оси сжатия. Другой пример относится к процессу разрушения ледяного покрова при его сжатии под действием течений и ветровой нагрузки. Рассмотрен вариант разрушения, в котором происходит взаимодействие двух видов разрушения - локализованное в виде трещиноподобного дефекта разрушение при сжатии (торошении) и формирование сопутствующих поперечных разрывов, разбивающих нагружаемый участок ледяного покрова на ряд полос вдоль напряжений сжатия. Examples of brittle fracture scenarios are considered, in which two mechanisms of local fracture participate - the development of normal fracture cracks and compaction, or hummocking, under compression. The work is a continuation of studies of fracture structures under compression [1]. It is shown that in a model situation with a chain of holes in a plate, the choice of the mechanism of formation of local fracture centers or their joint action depends on the orientation of the system of holes relative to the compression axis. Another example relates to the process of destruction of the ice cover when it is compressed under the influence of currents and wind load. The fracture variant is considered, in which two types of fracture interact: the fracture localized in the form of a crack-like defect during compression (hummocking) and the formation of accompanying transverse ruptures dividing the loaded ice sheet section into a series of bands along the compression stresses.

Pengaruh Model Situation-Based Learning Berbantuan Media Animasi Terhadap Kompetensi Pengetahuan Matematika Kelas IV

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model situation-based learning berbantuan media animasi terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan matematika kelas IV SDN Gugus I Gusti Ngurah Rai Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Studi ini menggunakan jenis rancangan eksperimen semu dengan menggunakan desain penelitian nonequivalent control grup desaign. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas IV SDN Gugus I Gusti Ngurah Rai yaitu sebanyak 239 siswa. Sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas IV B SDN 4 Sanur (34 siswa) sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas IV SDN 3 Sanur (36 siswa) sebagai kelompok kontrol. Hasil perhitungan data gain skor ternormalisasi menunjukan nilai rata-rata kompetensi pengetahuan matematika kelompok eksperimen lebih dari rata-rata kompetensi pengetahuan matematika kelompok kontrol (eksperimen = 0,72 > kontrol = 0,53). Data kompetensi pengetahuan matematika dianalisis menggunakan uji-t dengan rumus polled varians. Kriteria pengujian pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan dk = 68. Diperoleh thitung = 8,636 > ttabel = 1,995. Hal ini berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kompetensi pengetahuan matematika antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui model situation-based learning berbantuan media animasi dibandingkan dengan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui pembelajaran konvensional.

On the features of the dynamics of the upper mixed layer of the ocean in the presence of shear flows

<p>In the framework of the modernized RANS model of turbulent closure [1], the evolution in the pycnocline and shear flow in the upper mixed layer of the ocean is studied. For this purpose, one of the variants of the model situation is considered, which consists in studying the mutual transformation of the buoyancy frequency, shear flow, as well as the kinetic and potential turbulence energies determined at the initial time at different depths. It is shown that the kinetic energy of turbulence increases with time, and its maximum shifts to the maximum of the the horizontal shear flow. However, unlike the standard gradient scheme, in the beginning there is a mutual transformation of the kinetic and potential turbulence energies, after which they quickly reach a stationary equilibrium level (at large values of the Richardson numbers). A significant change in stratification, initially having a maximum at a certain depth, was also found in the process of establishing a stationary turbulence regime.</p><p>The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects № 18-05-00292, 18-35-00602).</p><p>References:</p><p>1. Ostrovsky, L.A., Troitskaya, Yu.I., The model of turbulent transport and the dynamics of turbulence in a stratified shear flow/ Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics., 1987. v.3. pp. 1031–1040</p>

Интеллектуальная технология контроля динамической непотопляемости беспилотного судна

Рассматривается интеллектуальная технология управления процессом контроля динамической непотопляемости с использованием центра дистанционного управления (ЦДУ). Технология обеспечивает анализ и прогноз развития экстремальной ситуации, связанной с затоплением отсеков беспилотного судна, находящегося в условиях нестационарного воздействия ветроволновых возмущений. Оперативный контроль динамики аварийного судна в заданных условиях эксплуатации производится при поддержке модуля ЦДУ многофункционального программного комплекса (МПК) моделирования нестационарной динамики аварийного судна на основе динамической модели современной теории катастроф (СТК), интегрирующей интеллектуальных технологии и высокопроизводительные вычисления. Особенности функционирования ЦДУ при контроле нестационарной динамики аварийного судна беспилотного управления связаны с развитием новых подходов к интеграции знаний сложных динамических систем в эволюционирующей среде. Программный комплекс ЦДУ представляет собой активную динамическую систему (АДС), обеспечивающую оперативный контроль поведения транспортного потока в экстремальных ситуациях в режиме экстренных вычислений (Urgent Computing UC) 1 9. Стратегические решения оперативного контроля аварийной ситуации беспилотного судна рассмотрены применительно к модельной ситуации в условиях катастрофического затопления.Intellectual technology for controlling dynamic unsinkability control using a remote control center (RCC) is considered. The technology provides an analysis and prediction of the development of an extreme situation associated with the flooding of the compartments of an unmanned vessel, which is under the non-stationary influence of wind and wave disturbances. Operational monitoring of the dynamics of an emergency vessel under specified operating conditions is carried out with the support of the RCC module - a multifunctional software package (MSP) for modeling the unsteady dynamics of an emergency vessel based on the dynamic model of modern catastrophe theory (MCT), integrating intellectual technologies and high-performance computing. Peculiarities of the functioning of the RCC during the control of the non-stationary dynamics of an emergency unmanned vessel are associated with the development of new approaches to the integration of knowledge of complex dynamic systems in an evolving environment. The software complex is an active dynamic system (ADS), providing operational control of the behavior of the traffic flow in extreme situations in urgent computing mode (UC) 1 - 9. Strategic decisions for the operational control of the emergency situation of an unmanned vessel are considered in relation to the model situation in the conditions of catastrophic flooding.

Methodology for assessment of the quality of learning based on negentropy

Methods for assessment of the quality of leaning are discussed, including possibilities to predict the results of the learning based on the calculation of negentropy. Negentropy is used as an integral informational index, demonstrating objective assessment of the learning model used. We suggest to use the emergent learning model, as a generalized projection of the learning process with substantiated merging of e-learning and traditional learning. For setting up a multi-criterial system for assessment of the quality of learning, we suggest to evaluate all components of pedagogical system in interplay with each other, on the first and all following hierarchical levels. We also suggest to define students as a special category of objects in the said pedagogical system, which interacts with other elements of the system, and thus the system is organized as “student-oriented”. Suggested methodology of prediction and assessment of the learning progress relies on building an hierarchical structure of criterial system of quality. In phase one, we have chosen basic criteria influencing the quality of the learning, which are organized into the first level of Ishikawa diagram. Basing on expert’s knowledge, we then assigned each criterium a corresponding coefficient of importance for the quality of learning. In the second phase, the same was done for criteria of the second and third levels of importance. In cases when it was not possible to unequivocally assess the coefficient of importance, we present the system of equations for calculating the membership function of a fuzzy set. In the third phase, integral values of negentropy were calculated for three study courses and for a model situation.