Recollection memory deficits in patients with major depressive disorder predicted by past depressions but not current mood state or treatment status

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. MacQUEEN ◽  
T. M. GALWAY ◽  
J. HAY ◽  
L. T. YOUNG ◽  
R. T. JOFFE
Keyword(s):  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Current Mood

Background. Neuropsychological studies have suggested that memory systems reliant on medial temporal lobe structures are impaired in patients with depression. There is less data regarding whether this impairment is specific to recollection memory systems, and whether clinical features predict impairment. This study sought to address these issues.Method. A computerized process-dissociation memory task was utilized to dissociate recollection and habit memory in 40 patients with past or current major depression and 40 age, sex and IQ matched non-psychiatric control subjects. The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire was used to assess patients’ perceptions of day-to-day memory failures.Results. Patients had impaired recollection memory (t = 4·7, P<0·001), but no impairment in habit memory when compared to controls. Recollection memory performance was not predicted by indices of current mood state, but was predicted by self-assessments of impairment (β = −0·33; P = 0·008) and past number of depressions (β = −0·41; P = 0·001). There was no evidence that standard therapy with antidepressant medication either improved or worsened memory performance.Conclusions. The results confirm that patients with multiple past depressions have reduced function on recollection memory tasks, but not on habit memory performance. The memory deficits were independent of current mood state but related to past course of illness and significant enough that patients detected impairment in day-to-day memory function.

scholarly journals Egocentric Navigation Abilities Predict Episodic Memory Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Committeri ◽  
Agustina Fragueiro ◽  
Maria Maddalena Campanile ◽  
Marco Lagatta ◽  
Ford Burles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Path Integration ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Egocentric Navigation

The medial temporal lobe supports both navigation and declarative memory. On this basis, a theory of phylogenetic continuity has been proposed according to which episodic and semantic memories have evolved from egocentric (e.g., path integration) and allocentric (e.g., map-based) navigation in the physical world, respectively. Here, we explored the behavioral significance of this neurophysiological model by investigating the relationship between the performance of healthy individuals on a path integration and an episodic memory task. We investigated the path integration performance through a proprioceptive Triangle Completion Task and assessed episodic memory through a picture recognition task. We evaluated the specificity of the association between performance in these two tasks by including in the study design a verbal semantic memory task. We also controlled for the effect of attention and working memory and tested the robustness of the results by including alternative versions of the path integration and semantic memory tasks. We found a significant positive correlation between the performance on the path integration the episodic, but not semantic, memory tasks. This pattern of correlation was not explained by general cognitive abilities and persisted also when considering a visual path integration task and a non-verbal semantic memory task. Importantly, a cross-validation analysis showed that participants' egocentric navigation abilities reliably predicted episodic memory performance. Altogether, our findings support the hypothesis of a phylogenetic continuity between egocentric navigation and episodic memory and pave the way for future research on the potential causal role of egocentric navigation on multiple forms of episodic memory.

scholarly journals Allocentric Spatial Memory Performance in a Virtual Reality-Based Task is Conditioned by Visuospatial Working Memory Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Joaquín Castillo Escamilla ◽  
José Javier Fernández Castro ◽  
Shishir Baliyan ◽  
Juan José Ortells-Pareja ◽  
Juan José Ortells Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance

Traditionally, the medial temporal lobe has been considered a key brain region for spatial memory. Nevertheless, executive functions, such as working memory, also play an important role in complex behaviors, such as spatial navigation. Thus, the main goal of this study is to clarify the relationship between working memory capacity and spatial memory performance. Spatial memory was assessed using a virtual reality-based procedure, the Boxes Room task, and the visual working memory with the computer-based Change Localization Task. One hundred and twenty-three (n = 123) participants took part in this study. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) revealed a statistically significant relationship between working memory capacity and spatial abilities. Thereafter, two subgroups n = 60, were formed according to their performance in the working memory task (1st and 4th quartiles, n = 30 each). Results demonstrate that participants with high working memory capacity committed fewer mistakes in the spatial task compared to the low working memory capacity group. Both groups improved their performance through repeated trials of the spatial task, thus showing that they could learn spatial layouts independent of their working memory capacity. In conclusion, these findings support that spatial memory performance is directly related to working memory skills. This could be relevant for spatial memory assessment in brain lesioned patients.

scholarly journals Tau deposition is associated with functional isolation of the hippocampus in aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa M. Harrison ◽  
Anne Maass ◽  
Jenna N. Adams ◽  
Richard Du ◽  
Suzanne L. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Hippocampal Dysfunction ◽  
Local Coherence

Abstract The tau protein aggregates in aging and Alzheimer disease and may lead to memory loss through disruption of medial temporal lobe (MTL)-dependent memory systems. Here, we investigated tau-mediated mechanisms of hippocampal dysfunction that underlie the expression of episodic memory decline using fMRI measures of hippocampal local coherence (regional homogeneity; ReHo), distant functional connectivity and tau-PET. We show that age and tau pathology are related to higher hippocampal ReHo. Functional disconnection between the hippocampus and other components of the MTL memory system, particularly an anterior-temporal network specialized for object memory, is also associated with higher hippocampal ReHo and greater tau burden in anterior-temporal regions. These associations are not observed in the posteromedial network, specialized for context/spatial information. Higher hippocampal ReHo predicts worse memory performance. These findings suggest that tau pathology plays a role in disconnecting the hippocampus from specific MTL memory systems leading to increased local coherence and memory decline.

scholarly journals Network Structure During Encoding Predicts Working Memory Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirudh Wodeyar ◽  
Ramesh Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Functional Clustering ◽  
Network Properties

ABSTRACTWorking memory operates through networks that integrate distributed modular brain activity. We characterize the structure of networks in different electroencephalographic frequency bands while individuals perform a working memory task. The objective was to identify network properties that support working memory function during the encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of memory. In each EEG frequency band, we estimated a complex-valued Gaussian graphical model to characterize the structure of brain networks using measures from graph theory. Critically, the structural characteristics of brain networks that facilitate performance are all established during encoding, suggesting that they reflect the effect of attention on the quality of the representation in working memory. Segregation of networks in the alpha and beta bands during encoding increased with accuracy. In the theta band, greater integration of functional clusters involving the temporal lobe with other cortical areas predicted faster response time, starting in the encoding interval and persisting throughout the task, indicating that functional clustering facilitates rapid memory manipulation.

scholarly journals Memory impairment in multiple sclerosis: Relevance of hippocampal activation and hippocampal connectivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1705-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke E Hulst ◽  
Menno M Schoonheim ◽  
Quinten Van Geest ◽  
Bernard MJ Uitdehaag ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
The Right

Background: Memory impairment is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is unclear what functional brain changes underlie this cognitive deterioration. Objective: To investigate functional hippocampal activation and connectivity, in relation to memory performance in MS. Methods: Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for 57 MS patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs), yielding hippocampal measures of volume, lesions, functional activation during a memory task and functional connectivity at rest. Memory function was based on two subtests of a larger neuropsychological test battery and related to hippocampal neuroimaging measures, using linear regression. Results: Hippocampal volume was lower in MS patients, as compared to HCs. In MS, hippocampal activation during the task was increased in cognitively preserved, but decreased in cognitively impaired, patients. Increased hippocampal connectivity was detected in MS patients, as compared to HCs, between the left hippocampus and the right posterior cingulate. Memory impairment in MS was explained (adjusted R2 = 0.27) by male gender, decreased hippocampal activation and increased hippocampal connectivity ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: Decreased activation of the hippocampus, increased connectivity and male gender were associated with worse memory performance in MS. These results indicate that increased activation and increased connectivity do not always coincide, and relate differently to cognitive dysfunction in MS.

scholarly journals Maintained Frontal Activity Underlies High Memory Function Over 8 Years in Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 3111-3123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didac Vidal-Piñeiro ◽  
Markus H Sneve ◽  
Lars H Nyberg ◽  
Athanasia M Mowinckel ◽  
Donatas Sederevicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Memory Experiment ◽  
Frontal Activity

AbstractAging is characterized by substantial average decline in memory performance. Yet contradictory explanations have been given for how the brains of high-performing older adults work: either by engagement of compensatory processes such as recruitment of additional networks or by maintaining young adults’ patterns of activity. Distinguishing these components requires large experimental samples and longitudinal follow-up. Here, we investigate which features are key to high memory in aging, directly testing these hypotheses by studying a large sample of adult participants (n > 300) with fMRI during an episodic memory experiment where item-context relationships were implicitly encoded. The analyses revealed that low levels of activity in frontal networks—known to be involved in memory encoding—were associated with low memory performance in the older adults only. Importantly, older participants with low memory performance and low frontal activity exhibited a strong longitudinal memory decline in an independent verbal episodic memory task spanning 8 years back (n = 52). These participants were also characterized by lower hippocampal volumes and steeper rates of cortical atrophy. Altogether, maintenance of frontal brain function during encoding seems to be a primary characteristic of preservation of memory function in aging, likely reflecting intact ability to integrate information.

Aerobic Fitness Predicts Relational Memory but Not Item Memory Performance in Healthy Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2645-2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Baym ◽  
Naiman A. Khan ◽  
Ari Pence ◽  
Lauren B. Raine ◽  
Charles H. Hillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Relational Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Health factors such as an active lifestyle and aerobic fitness have long been linked to decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other adverse health outcomes. Only more recently have researchers begun to investigate the relationship between aerobic fitness and memory function. Based on recent findings in behavioral and cognitive neuroscience showing that the hippocampus might be especially sensitive to the effects of exercise and fitness, the current study assessed hippocampal-dependent relational memory and non-hippocampal-dependent item memory in young adults across a range of aerobic fitness levels. Aerobic fitness was assessed using a graded exercise test to measure oxygen consumption during maximal exercise (VO2max), and relational and item memory were assessed using behavioral and eye movement measures. Behavioral results indicated that aerobic fitness was positively correlated with relational memory performance but not item memory performance, suggesting that the beneficial effects of aerobic fitness selectively affect hippocampal function and not that of the surrounding medial temporal lobe cortex. Eye movement results further supported the specificity of this fitness effect to hippocampal function, in that aerobic fitness predicted disproportionate preferential viewing of previously studied relational associations but not of previously viewed items. Potential mechanisms underlying this pattern of results, including neurogenesis, are discussed.

scholarly journals History of Alcohol Consumption and HIV Status Related to Functional Connectivity Differences in the Brain During Working Memory Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughn E. Bryant ◽  
Joseph M. Gullett ◽  
Eric C. Porges ◽  
Robert L. Cook ◽  
Kendall J. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Using Data

Background: Poorer working memory function has previously been associated with alcohol misuse, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive status, and risky behavior. Poorer working memory performance relates to alterations in specific brain networks. Objective: The current study examined if there was a relationship between brain networks involved in working memory and reported level of alcohol consumption during an individual’s period of heaviest use. Furthermore, we examined whether HIV status and the interaction between HIV and alcohol consumption was associated with differences in these brain networks. Methods: Fifty adults, 26 of whom were HIV positive, engaged in an n-back working memory task (0-back and 2-back trials) administered in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The Kreek- McHugh-Schluger-Kellogg (KMSK) scale of alcohol consumption was used to characterize an individual’s period of heaviest use and correlates well with their risk for alcohol dependence. Connectivity analyses were conducted using data collected during n-back task. Results: Functional connectivity differences associated with greater alcohol consumption included negative connectivity, primarily from parietal attention networks to frontal networks. Greater alcohol consumption was also associated with positive connectivity from working memory nodes to the precuneus and paracingulate. HIV positive status was associated with more nodes of negative functional connectivity relative to alcohol consumption history alone, particularly in the frontoparietal networks. The HIV positive individuals with heavier drinking history related to negative fronto-parietal connectivity, along with positive connectivity from working memory nodes to mesolimbic regions. Conclusion: Findings allow for a better understanding of brain networks affected by HIV and alcohol and may provide avenues for interventions.

scholarly journals Neural basis of episodic memory in the intermediate term after medial temporal lobe resection

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woorim Jeong ◽  
Hyeongrae Lee ◽  
June Sic Kim ◽  
Chun Kee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Surgery Group

OBJECTIVEHow the brain supports intermediate-term preservation of memory in patients who have undergone unilateral medial temporal lobe resection (MTLR) has not yet been demonstrated. To understand the neural basis of episodic memory in the intermediate term after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the authors investigated the relationship between the activation of the hippocampus (HIP) during successful memory encoding and individual memory capacity in patients who had undergone MTLR. They also compared hippocampal activation with other parameters, including structural volumes of the HIP, duration of illness, and age at seizure onset.METHODSThirty-five adult patients who had undergone unilateral MTLR at least 1 year before recruiting and who had a favorable seizure outcome were enrolled (17 left MTLR, 18 right MTLR; mean follow-up 6.31 ± 2.72 years). All patients underwent a standardized neuropsychological examination of memory function and functional MRI scanning with a memory-encoding paradigm of words and figures. Activations of the HIP during successful memory encoding were calculated and compared with standard neuropsychological memory scores, hippocampal volumes, and other clinical variables.RESULTSGreater activation in the HIP contralateral to the side of the resection was related to higher postoperative memory scores and greater postoperative memory improvement than the preoperative baseline in both patient groups. Specifically, postoperative verbal memory performance was positively correlated with contralateral right hippocampal activation during word encoding in the left-sided surgery group. In contrast, postoperative visual memory performance was positively correlated with contralateral left hippocampal activation during figure encoding in the right-sided surgery group. Activation of the ipsilateral remnant HIP was not correlated with any memory scores or volumes of the HIP; however, it had a negative correlation with the seizure-onset age and positive correlation with the duration of illness in both patient groups.CONCLUSIONSFor the first time, a neural basis that supports effective intermediate-term episodic memory after unilateral MTLR has been characterized. The results provide evidence that engagement of the HIP contralateral rather than ipsilateral to the side of resection is responsible for effective memory function in the intermediate term (> 1 year) after surgery in patients who have undergone left MTLR and right MTLR. Engagement of the material-specific contralesional HIP, verbal memory in the left-sided surgery group, and visual memory in the right-sided surgery group were observed.

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