Sense of hyper-positive self, goal-attainment beliefs and coping strategies in bipolar I disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lee ◽  
D. Lam ◽  
W. Mansell ◽  
A. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Techniques ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
And Coping

BackgroundThere is some evidence that cognitive therapy (CT) is beneficial in reducing relapses in bipolar disorder. However, not all bipolar patients benefit from it. A previous study found that a group of non-responders to CT shared common characteristics: they value some of the high goal-attainment beliefs and characteristics associated with being in a state of mild hypomania – a high ‘sense of hyper-positive self’ (SHPS). To promote of our understanding of this group of patients, the present study investigated the relationship between SHPS, preferred internal state, dysfunctional attitudes and coping with hypothetical manic prodromal scenarios.MethodFifty-four bipolar I patients filled in self-report questionnaires that assess preferred mood state, coping with scenarios, dysfunctional attitudes and SHPS.ResultsThe Sense of Hyper-positive Self Scale Ideal score (SHPSS-Ideal) predicted patients' preferred internal state of mania. Coping with hypothetical scenarios was predicted by Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) goal-attainment scores: the higher the goal-attainment score, the higher the participant's tendency to identify with self-descriptors linked to hypomania and to engage in stimulating behaviours that may escalate the prodromal stage to mania.ConclusionsClinicians should check and modify goal-attainment beliefs, particularly of those who exhibit features of SHPS. These patients' tendency to identify with hypomanic traits as self-descriptors should be dealt with by psychological techniques such as cognitive restructuring.

Dysfunctional attitudes in depressed and recovered depressed patients and their first-degree relatives

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Power ◽  
C. F. Duggan ◽  
A. S. Lee ◽  
R. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude Scale ◽  
Made In

SynopsisA series of depressed probands and their first-degree relatives were categorized as follows: (a) currently depressed; (b) recovered depressed; and (c) never-ill relatives. Their scores on a subscaled version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (the DAS-24) were compared. The DAS total scores mirrored previous findings in that the total scores for recovered individuals returned to normal or near-normal levels. However, the dependency subscale scores remained elevated for the recovered depressed group. It is proposed that these results support the conclusion that self-report measures of cognitive vulnerability should focus on specific rather than global effects, if progress is to be made in the search for true vulnerability factors.

The Cardiff Depression Study: a sib-pair study of dysfunctional attitudes in depressed probands and healthy control subjects

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FARMER ◽  
T. HARRIS ◽  
K. REDMAN ◽  
A. MAHMOOD ◽  
S. SADLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood State ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Schemata ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Current Mood ◽  
Familial Vulnerability

Background. Current cognitive theories propose that depression develops as a result of the interaction between dysfunctional cognitive schemata and environmental stressors. There is also consistent evidence of a substantial genetic contribution to depression. This study examines the familiality and stability of dysfunctional attitudes and attempts to distinguish whether they reflect trait vulnerability to depression or the state of being depressed.Method. The 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-24) was completed by 108 depressed probands and their nearest-aged siblings and 105 healthy control probands and their nearest-age siblings, at the time of a semi-structured clinical interview and 10–12 months later. Subjects also completed self-report measures of depressed mood on both occasions.Results. Measures of clinical depression were significantly correlated with DAS scores. At retest, DAS scores remained elevated despite improvement in mood, giving support for earlier findings, that dysfunctional attitudes remain active following recovery.The dependency subscale (DAS-D) of the DAS showed modest familiality, although there were no significant differences for DAS-D scores between the two groups of siblings. In a multiple regression analysis, current mood-state was the overwhelming predictor of DAS scores. However for DAS-D, gender as well as current mood influenced scores on this subscale.Conclusion. Although there was modest evidence for temporal stability and familiality for some DAS-24 subscale scores, dysfunctional attitudes were predominantly influenced by current low mood, and therefore reflect the state of being depressed rather than a familial vulnerability trait underpinning depression.

scholarly journals Dysfunctional Attitude and Self-Blame: Effect on Self-Esteem and Self-Conscious Emotions among Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Inderbir Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

The present studied investigated the effect of dysfunctional attitude and self-blame on self-esteem and self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt) among adolescents. 122 adolescents between 15-19 years were taken in for the study. They were students of 11th and 12th standard of various public and private schools of Patiala. All the participants were given Child and Adolescent Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (CADAS), Attribution Blame Questionnaire (ABQ), Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI), Test of Self Conscious Affect- Adolescents (TOSCA-A). Results showed that adolescents high on dysfunctional attitude are low on self esteem and high on shame whereas adolescents high on self-blame were also low on self-esteem and high on shame. The study also shows interaction between dysfunctional attitudes and self-blame.

Dysfunctional attitudes in depressed and non-depressed substance abusers: an exploratory study

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Calache ◽  
R Martinez ◽  
SJ Verhulst ◽  
M Bourgeois ◽  
F Peyre
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude Scale ◽  
Maladaptive Thinking

SummaryThe authors examined whether substance abusers have more maladaptive thinking patterns than controls. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) was administered to 38 substance abusers and 30 healthy age-matched controls. Nineteen substance abusers (50%) were depressed and 19 were non-depressed. Both depressed and non-depressed substance abusers had significantly higher DAS scores than controls. Depressed substance abusers had higher scores than non-depressed substance abusers. There was no correlation between age, sex, age of onset or the nature of the substance used and DAS scores in either group of patients. There was a trend for an elevation of DAS scores with chronicity of dependence among depressed substance abusers. The results support the hypothesis of the presence of maladaptive thinking patterns among substance abusers, and suggest a need for further exploration of their cognitive styles and of the use of cognitive therapy in the treatment of addiction.

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Tajima ◽  
Tsuyoshi Akiyama ◽  
Hatsue Numa ◽  
Yoshiya Kawamura ◽  
Yoshie Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

Background:The 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-24) is a short version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, which is a self-report inventory for depressogenic schemata.Objective:The object of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the DAS-24 (DAS-24-J).Methods:Subjects consisted of non-clinical sample 1 (248 university students), non-clinical sample 2 (872 Japanese company employees) and a clinical sample (59 depressed out-patients).Results:Internal consistency was satisfactory in all three samples, Cronbach’s α coefficient being higher than 0.85. Test–retest reliability was satisfactory in non-clinical sample 1. The interclass correlation coefficient was 0.79 and there was no significant difference in the average score of DAS-24-J between the two points. The DAS-24-J showed satisfactory concurrent validity with the Japanese Irrational Belief Test-20 (r= 0.76); Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire – Revised total (r= 0.46), negative (r= 0.53) and positive (r=−0.41); and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (r= 0.44 for non-clinical sample, r= 0.63 for clinical sample). The clinical sample showed a significantly higher DAS-24-J score than non-clinical sample 2. According to a factor analysis combining all three samples, three factors were extracted: factor 1 (11 items) corresponded with ‘achievement’ in the original version, factor 2 (6 items) with ‘self-control’ and factor 3 (5 items) with ‘dependency’.Conclusion:The DAS-24-J is a reliable and valid instrument to measure depressogenic schemata in Japanese.

Dysfunctional Attitudes, Gender, and Psychopathology as Predictors of Pain Affect in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Lackner ◽  
Rebecca Gellman ◽  
Gregory Gudleski ◽  
Kathryn Sanders ◽  
Susan Krasner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Pain Affect ◽  
Irritable Bowel

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and the emotional unpleasantness of pain (pain affect) in a large sample (N= 281) of severely affected patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Subjects completed measures of pain, dysfunctional attitudes, and psychopathology as part of baseline assessment of an NIH-funded clinical trial featuring cognitive therapy for IBS. Drawing from the cognitive model of emotion, we predicted that patients with IBS would have a propensity toward negative thinking, as measured by the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), and as a result rate pain affect as higher than patients with healthier cognitions. Consistent with these predictions, DAS scores for a sizable proportion of IBS patients were elevated compared to those from normative samples. Further, multiple regression analyses showed that dysfunctional attitudes account for approximately 11% of the variance in pain affect when control variables (gender, age, psychopathology) were held constant. These data are discussed in light of clinical implications for treating patients from a cognitive therapy orientation.

Dysfunctional Attitudes, Learned Helplessness, And Coping Styles Among Men with Substance Use Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui-yan Wang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationships between dysfunctional attitudes, learned helplessness, and coping styles in a sample of 623 men with substance use disorders. We also explored the potential mediating effect of learned helplessness in the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and coping styles. Participants completed the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Learned Helplessness Scale, and Coping Style Questionnaire. Results revealed that male drug abusers demonstrated dysfunctional attitudes and learned helplessness. In addition, dysfunctional attitudes and learned helplessness significantly predicted the coping styles of male drug abusers. However, although learned helplessness affected coping styles, it did not mediate the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and coping styles. Practical and theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.

COGNITIVE PERSONALITY STYLES IN OCD OUTPATIENTS COMPARED TO DEPRESSED OUTPATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Vogel ◽  
Tore C. Stiles ◽  
Hans M. Nordahl
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

The present study examined the dysfunctional attitudes and the personality styles of 40 psychiatric outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and compared them to 33 outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 41 healthy controls (HC). Scores on Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), and Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS) were obtained for the three groups. Based on previous research it was predicted that higher levels of sociotropy subscales S 1 (concern about disapproval), and S 2 (attachment/separation concerns) would be specifically related to the diagnosis of OCD after controlling for differences in demographic variables and other psychiatric diagnoses. These hypotheses were confirmed. Significantly lower scores on subscale A 3 (solitary pursuits) was also found specifically related to OCD diagnoses. Higher scores on DAS and lower scores on autonomy subscale A 1 (independent achievement) were found to be particularly related to MDD. Implications of these findings for a cognitive model of the development of OCD are discussed.

Psychometric Properties of the Revised and Abbreviated form of the Turkish Version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Batmaz ◽  
Kadir Ozdel
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

Dysfunctional attitudes are considered to be important risk factors in the onset and maintenance of depression. Thus, a psychometrically reliable and valid measure is necessary for understanding depression. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is widely used and has good psychometric properties, but there is no consensus about its factor structure. To examine its psychometric properties and factor structure, a total of 885 individuals consisting of patients with depression and healthy controls were evaluated. After the sample was randomly divided into two subsets, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Then the DAS was abbreviated according to the factor profiles and theoretical background. Analyses indicated two factors, named Perfectionism/Achievement and Need for Approval/Dependency for the revised DAS . Reliability analyses revealed a good internal consistency, and the concurrent validity indicated significant correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire.

Autobiographical Memory in Depression: State or Trait Marker?

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Brittlebank ◽  
Jan Scott ◽  
J. Mark ◽  
G. Williams ◽  
I. N. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Trait Marker ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Persistent Depression ◽  
Highly Correlated

Two cognitive measures were used to assess 22 patients who met DSM–III–R criteria for major depressive disorder: the Autobiographical Memory (AM) test and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. They were followed up over seven months. Measurement of dysfunctional attitudes did not predict outcome at seven months. Overgeneral recall on the AM test at initial assessment, especially for emotionally positive memories, was highly correlated with failure to recover from depression and accounted for 33% of the variance in HRSD score at follow-up. Overgeneral recall of emotional memories did not change during follow-up. It is suggested that overgenerality is a trait marker indicating vulnerability to persistent depression.

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