scholarly journals Antidepressant use and work-related injuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kouvonen ◽  
J. Vahtera ◽  
J. Pentti ◽  
M. J. Korhonen ◽  
T. Oksanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Related Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antidepressant Use

BackgroundAdverse effects of antidepressants are most common at the beginning of the treatment, but possible also later. We examined the association between antidepressant use and work-related injuries taking into account the duration of antidepressant use.MethodAntidepressant use and work-related injuries between 2000 and 2011 were measured among 66 238 employees (mean age 43.8 years, 80% female) using linkage to national records (the Finnish Public Sector study). We analysed data using time-dependent modelling with individuals as their own controls (self-controlled case-series design).ResultsIn 2238 individuals who had used antidepressants and had a work-related injury during a mean follow-up of 7.8 years, no increase in the risk of injury was observed in the beginning of antidepressant treatment. However, an increased injury risk was seen after 3 months of treatment (rate ratio, compared with no recent antidepressant use, 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.48). This was also the case among those who had used only selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (n = 714; rate ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.83).ConclusionsAntidepressant use was not associated with an increased risk of work-related injury at the beginning of treatment. Post-hoc analyses of antidepressant trials are needed to determine whether long-term use of antidepressants increases the risk of work-related injury.

scholarly journals Cannabis use and work-related injuries: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 570-577
Author(s):  
J C Zhang ◽  
N Carnide ◽  
L Holness ◽  
P Cram
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis User ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Work Related Injury ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although the association of cannabis use with automobile accidents has been well-studied, the impact of cannabis on workplace safety and injuries is less clear. Aims The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between work-related injury and cannabis use in the past year. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013–16) of working individuals. We used multiple logistic regression modelling to calculate the odds of experiencing a work-related injury (defined as non-repetitive strain injury) among workers who reported using cannabis more than once during the prior 12 months as compared to non-users. We repeated the analysis among participants working in high injury risk occupational groups only. Results Among the 136 536 working participants, 2577 (2%) had a work-related injury in the last 12 months. Of these 2577 who had a work-related injury, 4% also reported being a cannabis user in the same period. We found no association between past-year cannabis use and work-related injury (odds ratio for work injury among users 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.66–0.99). The association was unchanged in the subgroup analysis limited to high injury risk occupational groups. Conclusions We found no evidence that cannabis users experienced higher rates of work-related injuries. While awaiting prospective studies, occupational medicine practitioners should take a risk-based approach to drafting workplace cannabis policies.

24-Hour Pattern of Work-Related Injury Risk of French Firemen: Nocturnal Peak Time

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Riedel ◽  
Stéphane Berrez ◽  
Didier Pelisse ◽  
Eric Brousse ◽  
Coralie Forget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Related Injury

Depression and Huntington's Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, Etiology, and Treatment

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-308,325-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Slaughter ◽  
Matthew P. Martens ◽  
Kathleen A. Slaughter
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the extent to which depression complicates Huntington's disease (HD), we have analyzed the existing literature on depression in HD in order to report the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and treatment of HD depression. By means of MEDLINE literature searches and reviews of HD articles' bibliographies, we identified for our analysis 16 HD depression studies. Our results indicate that the prevalence of depression is 30% for all HD patients. Clinical manifestations of HD depression include a marked increased risk for suicide. The etiology of HD depression is unclear, but may be due to a number of factors, such as dysfunction in the caudate nucleus, dysfunction in the ventral striatum, and various genetic factors that are discussed in this review. Case reports and case series support the efficacy of standard antidepressant interventions in resolving symptoms of depression. Efficacious treatments reported in the literature include tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and electro-convulsive therapy. In this study, the successful anecdotal treatment of seven consecutive HD depressed patients with sertraline suggests that sertraline may be a safe and efficacious treatment of HD depression.

ATL

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Cortecchia ◽  
Giuseppe Galanti ◽  
Cecilia Sgadari ◽  
Silvano Costa ◽  
Margherita De Lillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
P16 Expression

ObjectiveThe p16Ink4a (p16) tumor-suppressor protein is a biomarker for activated expression of human papillomavirus oncogenes. However, data are insufficient to determine whether p16 overexpression predicts the risk for progression of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). This study was aimed at evaluating the risk for progression to CIN2 or worse during a 3-year follow-up of an unselected series of 739 patients with CIN1 biopsy specimens tested for p16 expression.MethodsPositivity of p16 was defined as a diffuse overexpression in the basal/parabasal cell layers. Selection biases were ruled out using a control group of 523 patients with CIN1 biopsies not tested for p16 expression. Analysis was based on the ratio of progression rates.ResultsIn the first year of follow-up, the 216 patients (29%) with p16-positive CIN1 had a higher progression rate (12.3%) than did the 523 patients with p16-negative CIN1 (2.2%) (rate ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.59–11.71). In the second and third years, differences were smaller (rate ratio, 1.32 and 1.14, respectively) and not significant. The patients with p16-positive CIN1 also had a lower risk for regression to normal in the first year of follow-up (rate ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.71) and nonsignificant changes in the second and third years (rate ratio, 0.81 and 0.84, respectively).ConclusionsThe patients with p16-positive CIN1 had an increased risk for progression that was concentrated in the first year of follow-up. Immunostaining of p16 could have a role in short-term surveillance of patients with CIN1. Further research should focus on midterm/long-term outcomes of p16-positive CIN1.

Epidemiological Patterns of Initial and Subsequent Injuries in Collegiate Football Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Z. Williams ◽  
Bhavna Singichetti ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Henry Xiang ◽  
Kevin E. Klingele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Collegiate Football ◽  
Subsequent Injury

Background: A body of epidemiological studies has examined football injuries and associated risk factors among collegiate athletes. However, few existing studies specifically analyzed injury risk in terms of initial or subsequent injuries. Purpose: To determine athlete-exposures (AEs) and rates of initial and subsequent injury among collegiate football athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Injury and exposure data collected from collegiate football players from two Division I universities (2007-2011) were analyzed. Rate of initial injury was calculated as the number of initial injuries divided by the total number of AEs for initial injuries, while the rate for subsequent injury was calculated as the number of subsequent injuries divided by the total number of AEs for subsequent injury. Poisson regression was used to determine injury rate ratio (subsequent vs initial injury), with adjustment for other covariates. Results: The total AEs during the study period were 67,564, resulting in an overall injury rate of 35.2 per 10,000 AEs. Rates for initial and subsequent injuries were 31.7 and 45.3 per 10,000 AEs, respectively, with a rate ratio (RR) of 1.4 for rate of subsequent injury vs rate of initial injury (95% CI, 1.1-1.9). Rate of injury appeared to increase with each successive injury. RR during games was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1-3.0). The rate of subsequent injuries to the head, neck, and face was 10.9 per 10,000 AEs, nearly double the rate of initial injuries to the same sites (RR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5). For wide receivers, the rate of subsequent injuries was 2.2 times the rate of initial injuries (95% CI, 1.3-3.8), and for defensive linemen, the rate of subsequent injuries was 2.1 times the rate of initial injuries (95% CI, 1.1-3.9). Conclusion: The method used in this study allows for a more accurate determination of injury risk among football players who have already been injured at least once. Further research is warranted to better identify which specific factors contribute to this increased risk for subsequent injury.

scholarly journals Increased Risk for Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer in the First Degree Relatives of Prevalent Cases of Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer: A Hospital-Based Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 5307-5312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuya Pal ◽  
Florian D. Vogl ◽  
Pierre O. Chappuis ◽  
Richard Tsang ◽  
James Brierley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Increased Risk

The genetic basis for nonmedullary forms of thyroid cancer (NMTC) is less well established than that of medullary thyroid cancer. However, epidemiological and family studies suggest that a proportion of NMTC may be due to inherited predisposition. To estimate the familial risk of thyroid cancer, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study at the Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and at 2 university hospitals in Montréal, Québec, Canada. We obtained pedigrees from 339 unselected patients diagnosed with NMTC and from 319 unaffected ethnically matched controls. Family histories of cancer were obtained from the cases and controls for 3292 first degree relatives of cases and controls. Seventeen cases (5.0%) and 2 controls (0.6%) reported at least one first degree relative with thyroid cancer. In relatives of patients with thyroid cancer, the incidence of any type of cancer (including NMTC) was 38% higher than in relatives of controls (incidence rate ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.7). The relative risk for thyroid cancer was 10-fold higher in relatives of cancer patients than in controls (incidence rate ratio, 10.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–47.6). Our findings suggest that hereditary or other familial factors are important in a small proportion of NMTC. Molecular studies are needed to determine the genetic basis of cancer susceptibility in these families.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms, antidepressant use, and future cognitive health in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1252-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Goveas ◽  
Patricia E. Hogan ◽  
Jane M. Kotchen ◽  
Jordan W. Smoller ◽  
Natalie L. Denburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTBackground: Antidepressants are commonly prescribed medications in the elderly, but their relationship with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia is unknown.Methods: The study cohort included 6,998 cognitively healthy, postmenopausal women, aged 65–79 years, who were enrolled in a hormone therapy clinical trial and had baseline depressive symptoms and antidepressant use history assessments at enrollment, and at least one postbaseline cognitive measurement. Participants were followed annually and the follow-up averaged 7.5 years for MCI and probable dementia outcomes. A central adjudication committee classified the presence of MCI and probable dementia based on extensive neuropsychiatric examination.Results: Three hundred and eighty-three (5%) women were on antidepressants at baseline. Antidepressant use was associated with a 70% increased risk of MCI, after controlling for potential covariates including the degree of depressive symptom severity. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were both associated with MCI (SSRIs: hazard ratios (HR), 1.78 [95% CI, 1.01–3.13]; TCAs: HR, 1.78 [95% CI, 0.99–3.21]). Depressed users (HR, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.24–4.80]), non-depressed users (HR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.13–2.85]), and depressed non-users (HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.13–2.32]) had increased risk of incident MCI. Similarly, all three groups had increased risk of either MCI or dementia, relative to the control cohort.Conclusions: Antidepressant use and different levels of depression severity were associated with subsequent cognitive impairment in a large cohort of postmenopausal women. Future research should examine the role of antidepressants in the depression–dementia relationship and determine if antidepressants can prevent incident MCI and dementia in individuals with late-life depression subtypes with different levels of severity.

Bones of Contention: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Non-SSRI Antidepressant Use and Bone Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clodagh Power ◽  
Richard Duffy ◽  
James Mahon ◽  
Kevin McCarroll ◽  
Brian A. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Osteoporotic fractures are associated with major morbidity and mortality, particularly among older age groups. In recent decades, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) antidepressants have been linked to reduced bone mineral density and increased risk of fragility fracture. However, up to one-third of antidepressant prescriptions are for classes other than SSRIs. Older patients, who are particularly vulnerable to osteoporosis and its clinical and psychosocial consequences, may be prescribed non-SSRI antidepressants preferentially because of increasing awareness of the risks SSRIs pose to bone health. However, to date, the skeletal effects of non-SSRI antidepressants have not been comprehensively reviewed. In this article, we collate and review the available data and discuss the findings. Based on the current literature, we tentatively suggest that tricyclic antidepressants may increase the risk of fracture via mechanisms other than a direct effect on bone mineral density. The risk is apparently confined to current users only and is greatest in the earliest stage of treatment, diminishing thereafter. There is, as yet, insufficient data to conclusively determine the effects of other antidepressant classes on bone. Judicious prescribing of antidepressants among higher risk groups necessitates a thorough review of the individual’s risk factors for osteoporosis as well as attention to their falls risk. Further longitudinal, rigorously controlled studies are needed to answer some of the remaining questions on the effects of non-SSRI antidepressants on bone and the mechanisms by which they are exerted.

scholarly journals Minocycline and the risk of acute psychiatric events in adolescence: A self-controlled case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Brauer ◽  
Maria Herrero-Zazo ◽  
David J Barlow ◽  
Fiona Gaughran ◽  
David Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Psychiatric Referral

Background Minocycline has neurological anti-inflammatory properties and has been hypothesised to have antipsychotic effects. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate, using routinely collected United Kingdom primary health care data, whether adolescent men and women are more or less likely to receive an urgent psychiatric referral during treatment for acne with minocycline compared with periods of non-treatment. Method A self-controlled case series using United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink to calculate the incidence rate ratio of urgent psychiatric referrals for individuals, comparing periods during which minocycline was prescribed with unexposed periods, adjusted for age. Results We found 167 individuals who were at the time exposed to minocycline for a mean of 99 days and who received an urgent psychiatric referral. There was no difference in psychiatric referral risk during periods of exposure compared with periods of non-exposure: incidence rate ratio first 6 weeks of exposure 1.96, 95% confidence interval 0.82–4.71, p=0.132; incidence rate ratio remaining exposure period=1.97, 95% confidence interval 0.86–4.47, p=0.107. Conclusions We found no evidence in support of a protective effect of minocycline against severe psychiatric symptoms in adolescence.

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