Depression and worry symptoms predict future executive functioning impairment via inflammation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein

Abstract Background Scar models posit that heightened anxiety and depression can increase the risk for subsequent reduced executive function (EF) through increased inflammation across months. However, the majority of past research on this subject used cross-sectional designs. We therefore examined if elevated generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and panic disorder (PD) symptoms forecasted lower EF after 20 months through heightened inflammation. Methods Community-dwelling adults partook in this study (n = 614; MAGE = 51.80 years, 50% females). Time 1 (T1) symptom severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview – Short Form), T2 (2 months after T1) inflammation serum levels (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin-6), and T3 (20 months after T1) EF (Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone) were assessed. Structural equation mediation modeling was performed. Results Greater T1 MDD and GAD (but not PD) severity predicted increased T2 inflammation (Cohen's d = 0.21–1.92). Moreover, heightened T2 inflammation forecasted lower T3 EF (d = −1.98 to −1.87). T2 inflammation explained 25–32% of the negative relations between T1 MDD or GAD and T3 EF. T1 GAD severity predicting T3 EF via T2 inflammation path was stronger among younger (v. older) adults. Direct effects of T1 MDD, GAD, and PD forecasting decreased T3 EF were found (d = −2.02 to −1.92). Results remained when controlling for socio-demographic, physical health, and lifestyle factors. Conclusions Inflammation can function as a mechanism of the T1 MDD or GAD–T3 EF associations. Interventions that successfully treat depression, anxiety, and inflammation-linked disorders may avert EF decrements.

Inflammation Mediates Longitudinal Relations Between Common Psychiatric Disorder Severity and Future Executive Function Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Scar models propose that elevated psychiatric disorder severity predisposes people to future decreased executive function (EF) through heightened inflammation. However, most prior research on this topic has been cross-sectional. We thus investigated if increased Time 1 (T1) common psychiatric disorder severity predicted Time 3 (T3) EF decrement via Time 2 (T2) inflammation in two unique samples. Methods: Community- dwelling adults participated in Study 1 (n = 614) and Study 2 (n = 945). Both studies measured T1 common psychiatric disorder severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder severity scales), T2 inflammation (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen blood concentration), and T3 EF (Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone). Structural equation modeling was conducted. Results: Greater T1 diagnostic severity predicted higher T2 inflammation (after 2 months in Study 1: Cohen’s d = 0.84; following 9 years in Study 2: d = 0.82). Moreover, higher T2 inflammation predicted lower T3 EF (after 18 months in Study 1: d = -1.30; following 9 years in Study 2: d = -1.18), with large effect sizes. Further, the mediation paths were significantly moderate-to-large in Study 1 (d = 0.76) and Study 2 (d = 0.69). Socio-demographic, lifestyle, medication use, and physical health variables did not moderate these mediation models. Conclusions: Inflammation may be a mechanism explaining the T1 common psychiatric disorder severity–T3 EF relation. Treatments that target inflammation and/or anxiety or depressive disorders may prevent some individuals from experiencing EF decline.

scholarly journals Previous disorders and depression outcomes in individuals with 12-month major depressive disorder in the World Mental Health surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelieke M. Roest ◽  
Ymkje Anna de Vries ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
Olatunde O. Ayinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Externalising Disorders ◽  
Days Out Of Role ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterised by a recurrent course and high comorbidity rates. A lifespan perspective may therefore provide important information regarding health outcomes. The aim of the present study is to examine mental disorders that preceded 12-month MDD diagnosis and the impact of these disorders on depression outcomes. Methods Data came from 29 cross-sectional community epidemiological surveys of adults in 27 countries (n = 80 190). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess 12-month MDD and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with onset prior to the respondent's age at interview. Disorders were grouped into depressive distress disorders, non-depressive distress disorders, fear disorders and externalising disorders. Depression outcomes included 12-month suicidality, days out of role and impairment in role functioning. Results Among respondents with 12-month MDD, 94.9% (s.e. = 0.4) had at least one prior disorder (including previous MDD), and 64.6% (s.e. = 0.9) had at least one prior, non-MDD disorder. Previous non-depressive distress, fear and externalising disorders, but not depressive distress disorders, predicted higher impairment (OR = 1.4–1.6) and suicidality (OR = 1.5–2.5), after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Further adjustment for MDD characteristics weakened, but did not eliminate, these associations. Associations were largely driven by current comorbidities, but both remitted and current externalising disorders predicted suicidality among respondents with 12-month MDD. Conclusions These results illustrate the importance of careful psychiatric history taking regarding current anxiety disorders and lifetime externalising disorders in individuals with MDD.

The Mediating Effect of Stress Reactivity in the 18-Year Bidirectional Relationship Between Generalized Anxiety and Depression Severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E Barber ◽  
Nur Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) often precede and predict one another. Stress reactivity theories of psychopathology posit that patterns of heightened emotional reactions to stressors can result in increased vulnerability to the development of anxiety and depression. However, cross-sectional studies on this topic have hindered causal inferences. Method: The present study examined stress reactivity as a potential mediator of the sequential associations between GAD and MDD symptoms in a sample of 3,294 community-dwelling adults. GAD and MDD symptom severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form) was assessed at two time points (T1 and T3), approximately 18 years apart. Stress reactivity (Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire) was measured at T2. Results: Structural equation mediation modeling demonstrated that higher T1 GAD severity positively predicted more severe T3 MDD symptoms via T2 stress reactivity (d = 0.45–0.50). After controlling for T1 GAD, T2 stress reactivity was not a significant mediator in the relationship between higher T1 MDD symptoms and worse T3 GAD symptoms. Direct effects indicated that T1 GAD positively predicted T3 MDD 18 years later, and vice versa (d = 1.29–1.65). Limitations: Stress reactivity was assessed using a self-report measure, limiting conclusions to perceived (vs. behaviorally indexed) stress reactivity. Conclusions: These findings indicate that stress reactivity may be one mechanism through which GAD leads to later MDD over prolonged durations. Overall, our results suggest that targeting stress reactivity in treatments for GAD may reduce the risk of developing subsequent MDD.

scholarly journals Major Depression Prevalence Increases with Latitude in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Patten ◽  
Jeanne V. A. Williams ◽  
Dina H. Lavorato ◽  
Jian Li Wang ◽  
Andrew G. M. Bulloch
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between latitude and annual major depressive episode (MDE) prevalence in Canada. Methods: Data from 2 national survey programs (the National Population Health Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey) were used, providing 10 data sets collected between 1996 and 2013, together including 922,260 respondents, of whom 495,739 were assessed for MDE using 1 of 2 versions of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a short-form version (8 studies), and a Canadian adaptation of the World Mental Health version (2 studies). Approximate latitude was determined by linkage to postal code data. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and pooled across surveys using individual-level meta-analytic methods. Results: In models including latitude as a continuous variable, a statistically significant association was observed, with prevalence increasing with increasing latitude. This association persisted after adjustment for a set of known risk factors. The latitude gradient was modest in magnitude, a 1% to 2% increase in the prevalence odds of MDE per degree of latitude was observed. Due to sparse data, this gradient cannot be confidently generalized beyond major population centres, which tend to occur at less than 55° latitude in Canada. Conclusion: A latitude gradient has not previously been reported. If replicated, the gradient may have implications for the planning of services and generation of aetiological hypotheses. However, this cross-sectional analysis cannot confirm aetiology and could not evaluate the potential contributions of variables such as light exposure, weather patterns, or social determinants.

Lifetime Risk of Suicidal Behaviors and Communication to a Health Professional About Suicidal Ideation

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Encrenaz ◽  
Viviane Kovess-Masféty ◽  
Fabien Gilbert ◽  
Cédric Galéra ◽  
Emmanuel Lagarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Drug Use Disorder

Background: There is presently a lack of information on the role of healthcare in suicidal ideation in adults. Aims: To assess the frequencies, patterns, and factors associated with the communication of suicidal ideation toward a health professional. Methods: Participants stem from a French cross-sectional survey of 22,133 randomly selected adults. Lifetime suicidal behaviors and 12-month mental disorder patterns were assessed using the short form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Participants with suicidal ideation were asked whether they had talked about it and, if they had, to whom. Results: Around 20% of people with suicidal ideation had talked about this distress to a health professional. It was more frequent for people with more severe suicidal behaviors (plan or a prior attempt), among women, those aged 30 or more, those suffering from major depressive episode, panic disorder, or drug use disorder. Above all, it was more frequent among those who had also talked to friends or relatives. Conclusions: Prevention strategies that encourage suicidal persons to seek help for their distress, whoever that is, may be the more important strategies to develop.

Spousal resemblance for history of major depressive episode in the previous year

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LINDEMAN ◽  
J. KAPRIO ◽  
E. ISOMETSÄ ◽  
K. POIKOLAINEN ◽  
M. HEIKKINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive

Background. There is discrepancy in findings on spousal concordance for major depression. Here we report the risk of depression and its determinants in spouses of persons with or without depression, taking into account several known risk factors for major depression.Methods. A random sample of non-institutionalized Finnish individual aged 15–75 years was interviewed in the 1996 National Health Care Survey. The sample included 1708 male–female spouse pairs. Major depressive episode (MDE) during the last 12 months was assessed using the Short Form of the University of Michigan version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the UM-CIDI Short Form). Risk factors were assessed in the same interview.Results. Factors associating with MDE were spouse's MDE, own alcohol intoxication at least once a week and own chronic medical conditions. In addition, there was a strong association between female's current smoking and male's MDE, independently of other risk factors and spousal MDE. The association of MDE with spouses's MDE was not affected by taking into account other assessed risk factors (own or spouse's).Conclusions. The results indicate elevated spouse concordance for MDE independent of the risk factors assessed in the present study.

scholarly journals Within-person increase in pathological worry predicts future depletion of unique executive functioning domains

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Task Switch ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pathological Worry

Abstract Background Affective neuroscience and scar theories propose that increased excessive worry, the hallmark symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), predicts future declines in executive functioning (EF). However, the preponderance of cross-sectional designs used to examine between-person chronic worry–EF relationships has blocked progress on understanding their potentially causal within-person associations. Accordingly, this study used bivariate dual latent change score (LCS) models to test whether within-person increased GAD severity might relate to future reduced EF. Methods Community-dwelling adults (N = 2581, 46 years on average, s.d. = 11.40, 54.71% female) were assessed for GAD symptom severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form) across three waves, spaced about 9 years apart. Three aspects of EF [inhibition, set-shifting, and mixing costs (MCs; a measure related to common EF)], were assessed with stop-and-go switch tasks. Participants responded to 20 normal and 20 reverse single-task block trials and 32 mixed-task switch block trials. EF tests were administered at time 2 (T2) and time 3 (T3), but not at time 1 (T1). Results After controlling for T1 depression, LCS models revealed that within-person increased T1 − T2 GAD severity substantially predicted future reduced T2 − T3 inhibition and set-shifting (both indexed by accuracy and latency), and MC (indexed by latency) with moderate-to-large effect sizes (|d| = 0.51–0.96). Conclusions Results largely support scar theories by offering preliminary within-person, naturalistic evidence that heightened excessive worry can negatively predict future distinct aspects of cognitive flexibility. Effectively targeting pathological worry might prevent difficulties arising from executive dysfunction.

Validating the Factor Structure of the Stigma of Suicide Scale–Short Form Spanish Version Among Healthcare Students

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres ◽  
Paola Carminelli-Corretjer ◽  
Nelmit Tollinchi-Natali ◽  
Ernesto Rosario-Hernández ◽  
Yovanska Duarté-Vélez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
Spanish Speaking

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among Spanish-speaking individuals. Suicide stigma can be a risk factor for suicide. A widely used measure is the Stigma of Suicide Scale-Short Form (SOSS-SF; Batterham, Calear, & Christensen, 2013 ). Although the SOSS-SF has established psychometric properties and factor structure in other languages and cultural contexts, no evidence is available from Spanish-speaking populations. Aim: This study aims to validate a Spanish translation of the SOSS-SF among a sample of Spanish-speaking healthcare students ( N = 277). Method: We implemented a cross-sectional design with quantitative techniques. Results: Following a structural equation modeling approach, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the three-factor model proposed by Batterham and colleagues (2013) . Limitations: The study was limited by the small sample size and recruitment by availability. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Spanish version of the SOSS-SF is a valid and reliable tool with which to examine suicide stigma among Spanish-speaking populations.

scholarly journals Getting Under the Skin: The Association Between Social Isolation and Inflammatory Markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 589-590
Author(s):  
Thomas K M Cudjoe ◽  
Carl Latkin ◽  
David Roth ◽  
Roland Thorpe ◽  
Cynthia Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Social isolation is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality comparable to well-established risk factors including smoking, hypertension, and a sedentary lifestyle. Specific mechanisms that connect social isolation to important health outcomes remain unclear. We examine the cross-sectional relationship between social isolation and two biological markers: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in a nationally representative population of community dwelling older adults (IL-6: n=4336, CRP: n=4178) from the National Health Aging Trends Study in 2017. Adjusting for age, gender, race, income, tobacco use, body mass index, and multiple chronic conditions, we found that social isolation compared to no social isolation was associated with higher levels of IL-6 (p = 0.043) and CRP (p = 0.038). These results suggest that investigating inflammatory pathways between social isolation and morbidity and mortality is important.

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