Psychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia predict the later development of behavioural abnormalities

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McSHANE ◽  
J. KEENE ◽  
C. FAIRBURN ◽  
R. JACOBY ◽  
T. HOPE
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Motor Hyperactivity ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background. Cross-sectional studies of non-cognitive symptoms in dementia show that patients with psychotic symptoms tend to have more disturbed behaviour. However, it is not known whether individuals who experience psychiatric symptoms early in dementia are more prone to develop behavioural problems later in the illness.Method. The behaviour of 86 community-dwelling subjects with dementia was intensively studied for 4 years or until death, using an informant interview which was administered every 4 months on a median of eight occasions. The extent to which psychiatric symptoms, age, sex and cognitive function predicted clinically significant physical aggression or motor hyperactivity was assessed.Results. Physical aggression was predicted by sad appearance and motor hyperactivity was predicted by persecutory ideas. These associations were robust, remaining significant over 2, 3 and 4 years of follow-up and were independent of cognitive function, age, sex and duration of illness.Conclusions. There may be two distinct longitudinal syndromes of non-cognitive symptoms in dementia. This suggests that important aberrant behaviours in late dementia may share pathophysiological mechanisms with psychiatric symptoms in early dementia.

scholarly journals Do Communication Patterns Affect the Association between Cognitive Impairment and Hearing Loss among Older Adults in Vietnam?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Tran Dai Tri Han ◽  
Keiko Nakamura ◽  
Kaoruko Seino ◽  
Vo Nu Hong Duc ◽  
Thang Van Vo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study examined the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older adults in central Vietnam and the roles of communication (with or without communication devices) in the association between cognitive impairment and hearing loss. This cross-sectional study was performed on 725 randomly selected community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years from Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Participants attended a face-to-face survey. Sociodemographic characteristics, social interaction with or without communication devices, health status and cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination were reported. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to quantify the association between hearing loss and cognitive function by frequency of communication with and without devices. Mild and severe cognitive impairment had prevalence rates of 23.6% and 19.3%, respectively. Cognitive impairment was more prevalent among older adults with hearing-loss, vision loss and difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment was not significant when older adults had frequent communication with others using devices. This study presented the relatively high prevalence of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Vietnam. Frequent communication using devices attenuated the association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals The Association of Social Support and Symptomatic Remission among Community-Dwelling Schizophrenia Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3977
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsuan Fan ◽  
Shih-Chieh Hsu ◽  
Fei-Hsiu Hsiao ◽  
Chia-Ming Chang ◽  
Chia-Yih Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Remission Status ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Symptomatic Remission

Schizophrenia is a mental disease that often leads to chronicity. Social support could reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms; therefore, its influence on remission should be examined. This study investigated the remission rates in community-dwelling schizophrenia patients and examined the association between social support and remission status. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 129 schizophrenia patients in Taiwan. Remission rates were evaluated, and the level of social support, clinical characteristics, sociodemographic variables, and healthy lifestyle status were compared between the remission and nonremission groups. The association between social support and remission was analyzed after adjusting for confounding factors. The mean illness duration is 12.9 years. More than 95% of the participants lived with their families, 63% were unemployed, and 43% achieved remission. Higher social support was observed in the remission group, and a significant correlation was observed between family domain of social support and remission status. Family support was a protective factor of symptomatic remission in community-dwelling schizophrenia patients in Taiwan. The results reflect the effects of a family-centered culture on patients during illness. Consequently, reinforcing family relationships and the capacity of families to manage the symptoms of patients and providing support to families are recommended.

scholarly journals NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND GRAY MATTER VOLUME IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S414-S414
Author(s):  
Sara L Godina ◽  
Caterina Rosano ◽  
Peter J Gianaros ◽  
Howard J Aizenstein ◽  
Michelle C Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Matter Volume

Abstract Lower neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) is associated with poorer cognitive function; underlying neural correlates are unknown. Cross-sectional associations of nSES (six census-derived measures of income, education, and occupation) and gray matter volume (GMV) of eight memory-related regions (hippocampus, middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, anterior, middle, and posterior cingulum) were examined in 264 community-dwelling older adults (mean age=83, 56.82% female, 39.02% black). In linear mixed effects models adjusted for total brain atrophy and accounting for geographic clustering, higher nSES was associated with greater GMV of the left hippocampus, left posterior cingulum, and bilateral insula, middle frontal, and parahippocampal gyri. nSES remained associated with GMV of the right insula (β= -32.26, p=0.026, 95%CI: -60.66, -3.86) after adjusting for individual level age, gender, race, income, and education. The nSES and cognitive function association may not be due to gray matter volume differences; other behavioral and biological mediators should be explored.

Antidepressant use in multiple sclerosis: epidemiologic study of a large community sample

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cetin ◽  
K.L. Johnson ◽  
D.M. Ehde ◽  
C.M. Kuehn ◽  
D. Amtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Clinically Significant

Depressive symptoms and disorders among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are more common when compared to other chronic illnesses and the general population, but relatively little is known about the use of antidepressant medication in this population. In this cross-sectional study of 542 community-dwelling adults with MS, we examined the prevalence of antidepressant use and employed multivariate logistic regression modeling to identify factors significantly associated with antidepressant use. Thirty-five percent of the sample reported currently using at least one antidepressant medication. Gender, marital status, insurance status, fatigue, and use of disease modifying therapies were all significantly associated with antidepressant use. Just over half of the sample endorsed a clinically significant level of depressive symptoms, and the majority of this group was not currently taking an antidepressant. Conversely, 41% of those with depressive symptoms reported taking at least one antidepressant medication. More research is needed to better understand why people with MS and depressive symptoms use or do not use antidepressant medications and to further explore the possibility of an under-treatment of depressive disorder in this population. Rigorous studies testing the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of currently available therapies for depression in the MS population should also be conducted. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 1046—1053. http://msj.sagepub.com

scholarly journals Association of Gait With Global and Domain-specific Cognitive Function Among Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN HAO ◽  
Wenjing Zhao ◽  
Takashi Kimura ◽  
Shigekazu Ukawa ◽  
Ken Kadoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Gait Parameters

Abstract Background: Gait is associated with cognitive function and is a trait marker of dementia; however, research on gait and cognitive function usually concentrates on several individual gait parameters. This study used wearable sensors to measure gait parameters in different aspects and comprehensively explored the association of gait with global cognitive function and domain-specific cognitive function.Methods: The data of this cross-sectional study were obtained from 236 community-dwelling Japanese older adults (125 men and 111 women) aged 70–81 years. Gait was measured by asking participants to walk a 6-meter course and back using the Physilog® sensors (GaiUp®, Switzerland). Global cognitive function and cognitive domains were evaluated by face-to-face interviews using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Twenty gait parameters were summarized as independent gait factors using factor analysis. A generalized linear model and linear regression model were used to explore the relationship of gait with global cognitive function and domain-specific cognitive function adjusted for several confounding factors.Results: Factor analysis yielded four gait factors: general cycle, initial contact, propulsion, and mid-swing. Among them, general cycle factor was significantly associated with global cognitive function (β=-0.565, [-0.967, -0.163]), executive function (P=0.012), and memory (P=0.045); initial contact was associated with executive function (P=0.019).Conclusion: Better gait was related to better cognitive function, especially the general cycle, which was correlated with both global and domain-specific cognitive function. The predictive value should be examined in future cohort studies.

scholarly journals MODERATE, REGULAR ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
E.T. Reas ◽  
G.A. Laughlin ◽  
D. Kritz-Silverstein ◽  
E. Barrett-Connor ◽  
L.K. McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequency Of Alcohol Intake ◽  
Self Assessed Health

Background: Evidence suggests that moderate alcohol consumption may protect against cognitive decline and dementia. However, uncertainty remains over the patterns of drinking that are most beneficial. Objective: To examine associations between amount and frequency of alcohol consumption with multiple domains of cognitive function in a well-characterized cohort of older community-dwelling adults in southern California. Design: Observational, cross-sectional cohort study. Setting: A research visit between 1988-1992 in Rancho Bernardo, California. Participants: 1624 participants of the Rancho Bernardo Study (mean age ± SD = 73.2 ± 9.3 years). Measurements: Participants completed a neuropsychological test battery, self-administered questionnaires on alcohol consumption and lifestyle, and a clinical health evaluation. We classified participants according to average amount of alcohol intake into never, former, moderate, heavy and excessive drinkers, and according to frequency of alcohol intake, into non-drinkers, rare, infrequent, frequent and daily drinkers. We examined the association between alcohol intake and cognitive function, controlling for age, sex, education, exercise, smoking, waist-hip ratio, hypertension and self-assessed health. Results: Amount and frequency of alcohol intake were significantly associated with cognitive function, even after controlling for potentially related health and lifestyle variables. Global and executive function showed positive linear associations with amount and frequency of alcohol intake, whereas visual memory showed an inverted U-shaped association with alcohol intake, with better performance for moderate and infrequent drinkers than for non-drinkers, excessive drinkers or daily drinkers. Conclusions: In several cognitive domains, moderate, regular alcohol intake was associated with better cognitive function relative to not drinking or drinking less frequently. This suggests that beneficial cognitive effects of alcohol intake may be achieved with low levels of drinking that are unlikely to be associated with adverse effects in an aging population.

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