scholarly journals Development of Radiocarbon Dating Method for Degraded Bone Samples from Korean Archaeological Sites

Radiocarbon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K J Kim ◽  
W Hong ◽  
J H Park ◽  
H J Woo ◽  
G Hodgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Depth Profile ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Ultrafiltration Process

The development of radiocarbon dating for degraded bone samples collected at Korean archaeological sites has been successful through the characterization of raw bone C/N ratios and application of an ultrafiltration method. It was found that the C/N ratios of raw bone samples are inversely proportional to the carbon content and residue amount after gelatinization. We have examined a few dozen Korean archaeological bone samples for this study. Well-preserved bone samples are found to be physically dense. The range of C/N ratios of Korean raw bone samples ranged from 3.4 to 74. We found that the C/N ratios of degraded raw bone samples can be used to determine whether 14C samples are acceptable for normal pretreatment processing and eventual dating. The results of this study support that even if the C/N ratio of a degraded raw bone sample is 11, extraction of collagen for bone dating is feasible by a carefully designed ultrafiltration process. Our preliminary 14C dating results of a depth profile of Gunang-gul Cave, an archaeological site in Danyang, Korea, indicate that this site has been either geologically or anthropologically disturbed in the past, with 14C ages ranging from 28,910 ± 200 to 48,090 ± 1050 yr BP. The C/N ratios of the collagen samples of Gunang-gul were determined to be 3.2–3.6. Our study establishes a new guide for the pretreatment of degraded bone samples such as those collected in Korea for 14C dating.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Calcined Bones: Where Does the Carbon Come from?

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zazzo ◽  
J-F Saliège ◽  
A Person ◽  
H Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Fraction ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C Value ◽  
Paleodietary Reconstruction

Over the past decade, radiocarbon dating of the carbonate contained in the mineral fraction of calcined bones has emerged as a viable alternative to dating skeletal remains in situations where collagen is no longer present. However, anomalously low δ13C values have been reported for calcined bones, suggesting that the mineral fraction of bone is altered. Therefore, exchange with other sources of carbon during heating cannot be excluded. Here, we report new results from analyses on cremated bones found in archaeological sites in Africa and the Near East, as well as the results of several experiments aiming at improving our understanding of the fate of mineral and organic carbon of bone during heating. Heating of modern bone was carried out at different temperatures, for different durations, and under natural and controlled conditions, and the evolution of several parameters (weight, color, %C, %N, δ13C value, carbonate content, crystallinity indexes measured by XRD and FTIR) was monitored. Results from archaeological sites confirm that calcined bones are unreliable for paleoenvironmental and paleodietary reconstruction using stable isotopes. Experimental results suggest that the carbon remaining in bone after cremation likely comes from the original inorganic pool, highly fractionated due to rapid recrystallization. Therefore, its reliability for 14C dating should be seen as close to that of tooth enamel, due to crystallographic properties of calcined bones.

scholarly journals Sequência estratigráfica e materiais cerâmicos do sítio da Póvoa do Mileu (Guarda, Portugal) = Stratigraphic sequence and ceramic materials of the settlement of Póvoa do Mileu (Guarda, Portugal)

2020 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Vitor Manuel Fernandes Pereira ◽  
Tiago Pinheiro Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historic City ◽  
Railroad Station

<p>Accidentalmente descubierto en 1951, durante la construcción de la carretera de enlace entre la ciudad histórica y la estación de ferrocarril, el yacimiento arqueológico de Mileu se convirtió rápidamente en uno de los yacimientos arqueológicos más emblemáticos de la Beira Interior. En este artículo, tenemos la intención de presentar<br />los resultados de la investigación que hemos desarrollado en el sitio en los últimos 15 años, destacando el análisis del material cerámico como elemento de datación de las diferentes fases de ocupación de Mileu. Su análisis confirma una secuencia ocupacional desde la primera mitad del siglo I A.D hasta los siglos XII / XIII. Los materiales romanos analizados son principalmente de importación, permitiendo no solo una datación de contextos, sino también comprender su origen, el contexto de su uso o cuestiones relacionadas con las rutas comerciales dentro del Imperio Romano y el cruce del territorio de la Beira Interior. En cuanto a los materiales medievales, de producción local, muestran la continuación de la ocupación del yacimiento en épocas pos-romana</p><p>Accidentally discovered in 1951, during the construction of the link road between the historic city and the railroad station, the archaeological site of Mileu quickly became one of the most emblematic archaeological sites of Beira Interior. In this article we plan to present the results of research that we have developed on the site over the past<br />15 years, highlighting the analysis of the ceramic material while dating element of the different occupation phases of Mileu. Their analysis confirms an occupational sequence from the first half of the century A.D. to the XII / XIII centuries. The analyzed Roman materials are primarily imported, allowing not only a dating of contexts, but also how to understand their origin, the context of its use, or issues related to the trade routes within the Roman Empire and crossing the territory of Beira Interior. As for the medieval materials, local production, show the continuation of the occupation site in post-Roman times</p>

scholarly journals Variations in the Atmospheric Radiocarbon Concentration over the Past 1300 Years

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Willis ◽  
H. Tauber ◽  
K. O. Münnich
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Made In

Considerable attention has been focussed in recent years upon the validity of the radiocarbon dating method by papers whose authors have considered that one or other of the fundamental principles might either be in error or require serious modification (Crowe, 1958; Milojčić, 1957; Elsasser, Ney, and Winkler, 1957; Daniel, 1959). It has even been suggested that errors as great as 800 years might arise between datings on the same sample made in different laboratories (Crowe, 1958). In the light of such criticism, it is clearly of the utmost importance to investigate, and, if possible, justify the basic assumptions on which the validity of the method rests.

scholarly journals A “Forgotten” Coin-Shaped Indication from the Early Medieval Burial Complex in Tuekta (Central Altai)

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Seregin ◽  
Vladimir V. Tishin ◽  
Vadim V. Serov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Altai ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Social Markers

The article is dedicated to the publication of a unique find that is a coin-shaped indication from the early medieval burial complex in Tuekta (Central Altai) and an attempt of its comprehensive analysis. Excavations of the archaeological site were carried out in the 1930s during the work of the Sayan-Altai expedition led by S.V. Kiselev, however, since then, the metioned find has not attracted the attention of researchers. The article presents a detailed description of the coin-shaped indication and the analysis of the applied images, it is there also given the characteristic of the archaeological context of the discovery of the object and discuss the possibility of reading fixed signs. As a result, it is presented an attempt to interpret the product in a specific historical and cultural context taking into account the materials received over the past decades. It should be noted the absence of identical archaeological finds in the numismatic collections. At the same time, an analysis of the details of the image on the coin-shaped indication made it possible to outline a wide range of analogies demonstrating the complex processes of cultural contacts in large territories of Eurasia over a long chronological period. The authors came to the conclusion that the analysed product, as well as other like finds from the archaeological sites of the Türks of Inner Asia, to be a kind of “social markers”, demonstrating their owners’ belonging to the elite strata of the nomadic society and, possibly, reflect their specific authority. The proposed interpretation of such things, given their scarcity, as well as the context of discovery not being obvious, seems debatable and, of course, requires the emergence of new data as a result of further archaeological research

scholarly journals ASPECTOS GEOARQUEOLÓGICOS DO SÍTIO CEMITÉRIO CAIXA D’ÁGUA: VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO - MINAS GERAIS/BRASIL.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Baggio Filho ◽  
Mariana de Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Thalita Siqueira de Meneses ◽  
Thiago Martins Da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Soil Geochemistry ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Archeological Site

Esta breve comunicação, tem como proposta apresentar aos leitores, um dos mais importantes sítios arqueológicos a céu aberto ao longo do Vale do São Francisco o Sítio Arqueológico Cemitério Caixa d’Água, localizado no município de Buritizeiro, norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. O projeto de pesquisa é financiado pela Fundação de Amaparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG, e tem como objetivo principal entender o padrão de aldeamento pré-histórico do sítio arqueológico. Foi montado uma malha superfial de amostragens, o material coletado será submetido a análises físico-químicas, químicas e mineralógica (classificação dos solos, fracionamento, cor dos solos, mineralogia, entre outras); químicas (pH, Zn, Cu, Ca, Cr, P, Pb e C orgânico Total ), além disso, a caracterização do ambiente físico. Os resultados obtidos poderão elucidar alguns dos principais enigmas arqueológicos do sítio, como por exemplo, os vários momentos de ocupação pré-histórica que ocorreram no sítio arqueológico Cemitério Caixa d’Água.Palavras-chave: Sítio arqueológico, FAPEMIG, solos, geoquímica ABSTRACT: THE CAIXA D’ÁGUA CEMETERY SITE GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL ASPECTS: SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY- MINAS GERAIS/BRAZIL. This brief communication, has a proposal to present to readers, one of the most important archaeological sites in the open along the São Francisco Valley Cemetery the archaeological site Caixa d’ água, located in the municipality of Buritizeiro, north of Minas Gerais. The research project is funded by the Fundação de Amaparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG, and has as main objective to understand the pattern of village's prehistoric archaeological site. Will be mounted, a mesh surface samples (geocoding, geoprocessing, soil, surface geochemistry, etc.). The collected material will be subjected to physical and chemical analyzes (soil classification, division, color of soil and others); chemical (pH, Zn, Cu, Ca, Cr, P, Pb, and total organic carbon), mineralogical analysis of soils, in addition, the characterization of the physical environment. The results may explain some of the major puzzles of the archaeological site, for example, the various moments of prehistoric archaeological site that occurred in the Caixa d’ água cemetery.Keywords: Archeological site, FAPEMIG, soil, geochemistry

scholarly journals Konsep Open Air Museum: Alternatif Model Pelestarian Situs Arkeologi di Indonesia

AMERTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Atina Winaya
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heritage Buildings

Abstract. Open air museum is a kind of museum that exhibits its collections in an open space. In its development, it not only displays the collections outdoor, but also an attempt to preserve archaeological sites. The concept is already developed in advanced countries. Through this concept, an archaeological site was transformed into "life " again. Landscape and heritage buildings were reconstructed in accordance with the conditions in the past. Beside the tangible remains, the intangible remains were also reconstructed. Recently, people can obtain knowledge and experience about the atmosphere of the past. In Indonesia, the concept is rather new. The concept can be used as one of the solutions in order to optimally preserve archaeological sites. Significant values, both physical and non-physical, are well-developed to benefit the community. Thus, the meaning of the archaeological sites can be understood by today andfuture society, so it would grow the awareness of national identity and increase the patriotism. Abstrak. Open air museum adalah jenis museum yang memamerkan koleksinya di ruang terbuka. Dalam perkembangannya, open air museum tidak hanya memamerkan koleksinya secara outdoor, melainkan merupakan salah satu media dalam upaya pelestarian situs arkeologi. Konsep tersebut sudah banyak dikembangkan di negara-negara maju. Melalui konsep open air museum, suatu situs arkeologi berubah menjadi hidup kembali. Lansekap dan bangunan Cagar Budaya direkonstruksi sesuai dengan kondisinya di masa lalu. Selain tinggalan budaya tangible, tinggalan budaya intangible juga direkonstruksi kembali. Dengan demikian, masyarakat masa kini dapat memperoleh pengetahuan dan pengalaman mengenai suasana situs beserta kehidupannya di masa lampau. Konsep open air museum masih dapat dikatakan asing di Indonesia. Padahal jika dikaji lebih lanjut, konsep tersebut dapat dijadikan salah satu solusi dalam upaya pelestarian dan pemanfaatan situs secara optimal. Potensi-potensi yang terkandung di dalam situs, baik fisik maupun nilai, digali dan dikembangkan semaksimal mungkin, sehingga dapat memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat. Dengan demikian, makna yang terkandung di dalam situs dapat dipahami oleh masyarakat masa kini dan masa yang akan datang sehingga menumbuhkan kesadaran akan identitas dan jati diri bangsa, serta meningkatkan rasa cinta tanah air.

scholarly journals Some Notes on Maintaining Authenticity in the Presentation of Archaeological Sites in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Kamenova ◽  
Lyudmil Vagalinski
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Value

We present the challenges facing Bulgarian experts in finding the balance between preserving the authenticity of archaeological structures and their context, and turning them into a comprehensible and attractive visitor site. Thanks to European funding over the past ten years, a number of projects have been implemented in Bulgaria for conservation, restoration, exhibition and public presentation of archaeological heritage, where the main aim is to achieve a complete visitor product. The economic and social effect, on the one hand, has a positive impact as an inspiration for archaeological research and the popularisation of this type of cultural heritage, but has led to a compromise of the scientific value at some sites. We note some examples to illustrate the combined role of experts, participants and stakeholders in their 'reading' and 'translating' the archaeology – seeking to generate interest, clarify and convey the experience of 'genius loci'. The role of the state in the management of archaeological heritage is examined through its different governmental levels and interaction. The requirements imposed by legislation and practice are also observed. First, the development of the archaeological heritage conservation system in Bulgaria will be briefly reviewed, its current state of the processes, its actors and the interactions between them, the positive and the negative aspects, and, in more detail, the problems we face in preserving authenticity while turning the archaeological site into an attractive one. Then we focus on our main topic; the authenticity and the attractiveness of archaeological sites in Bulgaria.

scholarly journals Dating Bones near the Limit of the Radiocarbon Dating Method: Study Case Mammoth from Niederweningen, ZH Switzerland

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irka Hajdas ◽  
Adam Michczyński ◽  
Georges Bonani ◽  
Lukas Wacker ◽  
Heinz Furrer
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Good Agreement

Preparation of bone material for radiocarbon dating is still a subject of investigation. In the past, the most problematic ages appeared to be the very old bones, i.e. those with ages close to the limit of the dating method. Development of preparative methods requires sufficient amounts of bone material as well as the possibility of verification of the ages. In the peat section at Niederweningen, ZH Switzerland, numerous bones of mammoth and other animals were found in the late 19th century. The first accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon ages of those bones from 1890/1891 excavations placed the age between 33,000 and 35,000 BP. The excavations in 2003/2004 provided additional material for 14C dating. An age of 45,870 ± 1080 BP was obtained on base (NaOH step) cleaned gelatin from mammoth bone, which was very close to the age of 45,430 ± 1020 BP obtained for the peat layer that buried the mammoths. The 14C age of gelatin cleaned using the ultrafiltration method obtained in this study, 45,720 ± 710 BP, is in a very good agreement with the previously obtained results. Moreover, the study shows that 3 pretreatment methods (base+Longin, Longin+ultrafiltration, and base+Longin+ultrafiltration) give ages consistent with each other and with the age of the peat section.

scholarly journals Mortar Dating Using AMS 14C and Sequential Dissolution: Examples from Medieval, Non-Hydraulic Lime Mortars from the Åland Islands, SW Finland

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alf Lindroos ◽  
Jan Heinemeier ◽  
Åsa Ringbom ◽  
Mats Braskén ◽  
Ámy Sveinbjörnsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Total Dissolution

Non-hydraulic mortars contain datable binder carbonate with a direct relation to the time when it was used in a building, but they also contain contaminants that disturb radiocarbon dating attempts. The most relevant contaminants either have a geological provenance and age or they can be related to delayed carbonate formation or devitrification and recrystallization of the mortar. We studied the mortars using cathodoluminescence (CL), mass spectrometry (MS), and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) in order to identify, characterize, and date different generations of carbonates. The parameters—dissolution rate, 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios, and 14C age—were measured or calculated from experiments where the mortars were dissolved in phosphoric acid and each successive CO2 increment was collected, analyzed, and dated. Consequently, mortar dating comprises a CL characterization of the sample and a CO2 evolution pressure curve, a 14C age, and stable isotope profiles from at least 5 successive dissolution increments representing nearly total dissolution. The data is used for modeling the interfering effects of the different carbonates on the binder carbonate age. The models help us to interpret the 14C age profiles and identify CO2 increments that are as uncontaminated as possible. The dating method was implemented on medieval and younger mortars from churches in the Åland Archipelago between Finland and Sweden. The results are used to develop the method for a more general and international use.

scholarly journals Mortars from the Palace of Knossos in Crete, Greece: A Multi-Analytical Approach

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Sousa ◽  
Nuno Leal ◽  
Joaquim Simão ◽  
Elissavet Kavoulaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Materials Used

The study of building materials constituting cultural heritage is fundamental to understand their characteristics and predict their behavior. When considering materials from archaeological sites, their characterization can provide not only relevant information for a broader understanding of the site and its importance and significance but can also increase knowledge about ancient materials and their performance. The Palace of Knossos is a very important archaeological site in the European history context, and its preservation benefits from the characterization of the constituent materials. Samples of mortars from this monument were collected under the scope of the H2020 HERACLES project, where a multi-analytical approach was chosen using established protocols for the different sample typologies. Instrumental techniques such as optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) were used for the chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterization of these mortar samples. The results indicate that the majority are lime mortars, both aerial and hydraulic, but gypsum-based mortars were also identified. Differences in the chemical composition of the samples in distinct areas of the monument allowed us to reflect on the variety of materials used in the construction of the Palace of Knossos.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document