Review Essay: On Settler Colonialism

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Kevin Bruyneel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Indigenous Lands ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
Definition Of

As the late Patrick Wolfe phrased it, “settler colonizers come to stay: invasion is a structure not an event.” Settler colonialism as a “structure not an event” captures the idea that settler colonial invasion of Indigenous lands should not be contained as a phenomenon of the past, but rather is continually reproduced throughout the history and present of settler societies such as the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel. To say this is also to raise the question of how to trace and analyze the development, legitimization, and maintenance of the colonial structures in these societies: those built on the dispossession and occupation of stolen lands. To this end, Rita Dhamoon's definition of settler colonialism helps in thinking of it as “not only a structure but also a process, an activity for assigning political meanings, and organizing material structures driven by forces of power.” Dhamoon points us toward attending rigorously to this process in ideological, institutional, structural, and historical terms.

Legal Pluralism and Indigenous Legal Traditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 846-875
Author(s):  
Kirsty Gover
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Settler Societies

This chapter draws on the scholarship of Indigenous legal theorists and practitioners to explore some of the Indigenous legal traditions that might be drawn on to advance just forms of legal pluralism in the settler societies of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. It questions whether the methodologies and tools provided by the field of legal pluralism assist in the pursuit of these goals. It aims to show that Indigenous legal traditions emphasize the interrelatedness of people and of people and the natural world, and stress the need for balanced differentiation as a sustaining tension in legal orders. It argues that these could provide a much-needed corrective to the totalizing tendency of settler law and could usefully assist to curb its preoccupation with absoluteness and universality, but only if Indigenous legal traditions are given their due in the practice and study of law in settler societies.

The indigenous redemption of liberal universalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Rowse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Charles Eastman ◽  
Settler Societies

This chapter focuses on the uptake of liberal universalism by indigenous thinkers in the settler societies of Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. It focuses on five thinkers—Peter Jones (Canada), Charles Eastman and Zitkala-Sa (U.S.), Apirana Ngata (New Zealand) and William Cooper (Australia)—who accepted the Christian faith and belief in the perfectability of human beings of their settler overlords. Here, we see the ideas of the colonizers taken up with little revision. Where there was little chance that the colonizers might go away, these figures took up the ideas of the colonisers and sought to show that they held implications for social life much different than the practices currently in existence. They took the principle of human perfectability seriously, by saying that it applied truly universally—to all human societies, their own and the colonizers’ alike. ‘What was important about liberal universalism’, Rowse concludes, ‘was that every branch of humanity, including those that colonized, must be measured against a civilized standard.’

What Constitutes Successful Entrepreneurship? An Analysis of Recent Australasian Awards Experiences

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Kearins ◽  
Belinda Luke ◽  
Patricia Corner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Insight Into

Theory about what constitutes entrepreneurial success is explored using case studies of the 2003 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award winners for Australia and New Zealand. Findings suggest the need to more equally emphasize what theory presents as elements of successful entrepreneurship, and importantly, incorporate ethics as a key dimension. Further, the analysis offers insight into how business awards processes in general might be conducted.Entrepreneurship has long been considered an important economic activity. The past twenty years has witnessed an explosion of research into entrepreneurs and their actions (Venkatarman 1997; Hannafey 2003) with considerable emphasis on the elements that constitute successful entrepreneurship. However, there has been little empirical work substantiating these elements or exploring the extent to which they appear to be considered when judgements are made about entrepreneurial success. Additionally, some entrepreneurs that are judged successful, such as Monty Fu who won an entrepreneur of the year award in the United States, are later shown to be unsuccessful along a number of elements. It may be that some elements are more emphasized when judging entrepreneurial endeavours, than are others. For these reasons, the current paper focuses on the construction of successful entrepreneurship. It addresses the following research questions: Are there some elements of entrepreneurship that appear to be more emphasized than are others when judgements are made about successful entrepreneurs? Would recourse to theory help decide successful entrepreneurship?

South Pacific Commission

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-488 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Development ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom

The twentieth session of the South Pacific Commission was held at Commission headquarters in Nouméa, New Caledonia, from October 13 to 23, 1959. It was attended by representatives of the six member nations, Australia, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States; the Chairman was Dean Knowles A. Ryerson, Senior Commissioner for the United States. The meeting studied progress made during the past year by the Commission in its three main fields of work —economic development, health, and social development—and reviewed its work program for 1960.

WAS ANDREW CARNEGIE GENEROUS?

Think ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Daniel Putman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

Millions of Americans, as well as millions in Europe, have used or will use a library established by Andrew Carnegie. In his lifetime Carnegie gave the equivalent of several billion dollars in today's money to establish 1,689 public libraries in the United States, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Moreover, 660 libraries in Britain and Ireland, 125 in Canada, 17 in New Zealand, 12 in South Africa and scattered others around the world exist because of this man.1 And this does not include the extensive positive influence of the foundations and grants established by Carnegie. Aristotle would likely have called him ‘magnificent’. Carnegie had the virtue beyond mere generosity available only to those with the means and position to benefit the polis on a grand scale. Unlike generosity, magnificence involves what Irwin has called ‘the judgment and tact that are needed for large benefactions.2 Whether ‘magnificent’ or ‘generous’ is a better term for Carnegie's character is not my major concern. Carnegie's recent biographer simply uses ‘generous’. So, for the remainder of this paper, I will use ‘generous’.3 But was Carnegie, in fact, generous? This paper will explore both the definition of the virtue and its application to Andrew Carnegie.

Shouldn't Dead Be Dead?: The Search for a Uniform Definition of Death

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Lewis ◽  
Katherine Cahn-Fuller ◽  
Arthur Caplan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Death By Neurologic Criteria ◽  
The Way

In 1968, the definition of death in the United States was expanded to include not just death by cardiopulmonary criteria, but also death by neurologic criteria. We explore the way the definition has been modified by the medical and legal communities over the past 50 years and address the medical, legal and ethical controversies associated with the definition at present, with a particular highlight on the Supreme Court of Nevada Case of Aden Hailu.

Introduction to the JAS Mini-Forum “Regarding North Korea”

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
Robert Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Uranium Enrichment ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nuclear Scientist

As Charles Armstrong notes in beginning his review essay that follows, deliberately or not North Korea has been in the headlines. Over the past two decades, and notwithstanding the publication timelines that affect our business, it has rarely been a risk for an academic author to start any piece by stating just that. While the articles that comprise this Journal of Asian Studies “mini-forum” on North Korea had already been commissioned, it will surprise no reader to learn that their framing and urgency shifted in response to recent events. As this issue goes to press, such events have included the November 2010 artillery skirmish centered on Yŏnp'yŏng Island, the choreographed revelation in the same month of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) uranium enrichment facilities to visiting nuclear scientist Siegfried Hecker, and the March 2010 sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan. All of these incidents—in combination with actions and inactions by South Korea, the United States, and other regional powers—arguably moved the peninsula closer to “the brink” at the end of 2010 than it had been for some time.

scholarly journals Piloting a System for Behavioral Surveillance Among Heterosexuals at Increased Risk of HIV in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A DiNenno ◽  
Alexandra M Oster ◽  
Catlainn Sionean ◽  
Paul Denning ◽  
Amy Lansky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Objectives: During the past decade, the number and proportion of reported HIV cases in the United States acquired through heterosexual contact has increased markedly. CDC employs the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) to monitor risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in high-risk populations. To identify a target population for conducting NHBS among heterosexuals at increased risk for HIV (NHBS-HET), CDC designed, implemented and evaluated a pilot study. Methods: The pilot study was conducted in 25 US metropolitan statistical areas in 2006-7. We recruited men and women who reported sex with at least one opposite-sex partner during the past year for a behavioral survey and HIV test. We investigated the relationship between newly diagnosed HIV infection and individual risk behaviors, sexual network characteristics, and social-structural characteristics to arrive at a definition of a heterosexual at increased risk of HIV. Results: Of 14,750 participants in the analysis, 207 (1.4%) had newly diagnosed HIV infection. Using low socioeconomic status (SES) as a criterion for defining a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV resulted in optimal rates of HIV prevalence, specificity, sensitivity and practicality. Conclusions: Results from the NHBS pilot study underscore the key role of social factors as determinants of HIV infection risk among U.S. heterosexuals, and low SES was incorporated into the definition of a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV in NHBS-HET cycles. Future cycles of NHBS-HET will help tailor prevention programs for those populations most at risk of HIV in the US.

scholarly journals Change, technology and higher education: Are universities capable of organisational change?

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
E Learning

Technology and change are so closely related that the use of the word innovation seems synonymous with technology in many contexts, including that of higher education. This paper contends that university culture and existing capability constrain such innovation and to a large extent determine the nature and extent of organisational change. In the absence of strong leadership, technologies are simply used as vehicles to enable changes that are already intended or which reinforce the current identity. These contentions are supported by evidence from e-learning benchmarking activities carried out over the past five years in universities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.

scholarly journals Assessment of multi-decadal WRF-CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 17711-17742 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-M. Gan ◽  
J. Pleim ◽  
R. Mathur ◽  
C. Hogrefe ◽  
C. N. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosol ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aerosol Effects

Abstract. Multi-decadal simulations with the coupled WRF-CMAQ model have been conducted to systematically investigate the changes in anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx over the past 21 years (1990–2010) across the United States (US), their impacts on anthropogenic aerosol loading over North America, and subsequent impacts on regional radiation budgets. In particular, this study attempts to determine the consequences of the changes in tropospheric aerosol burden arising from substantial reductions in emissions of SO2 and NOx associated with control measures under the Clean Air Act (CAA) especially on trends in solar radiation. Extensive analyses conducted by Gan et al. (2014) utilizing observations (e.g. SURFRAD, CASTNET, IMPROVE and ARM) over the past 16 years (1995–2010) indicate a shortwave (SW) radiation (both all-sky and clear-sky) "brightening" in the US. The relationship of the radiation brightening trend with decreases in the aerosol burden is less apparent in the western US. One of the main reasons for this is that the emission controls under the CAA were aimed primarily at reducing pollutants in areas violating national air quality standards, most of which were located in the eastern US while the relatively less populated areas in the western US were less polluted at the beginning of this study period. Comparisons of model results with observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD), aerosol concentration, and radiation demonstrate that the coupled WRF-CMAQ model is capable of replicating the trends well even through it tends to underestimate the AOD. In particular, the sulfate concentration predictions were well matched with the observations. The discrenpancies found in the clear-sky diffuse SW radiation are likely due to several factors such as potential increase of ice particles associated with increasing air traffic, the definition of "clear-sky" in the radiation retrieval methodology and aerosol semi-direct and/or indirect effects which cannot be readily isolated from the observed data.

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