A Melkite Arabic literary lingua franca from the second half of the first millennium

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Blau
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
The Ideal

After the Islamic conquest, the Greek Orthodox, so-called Melkite ( = Royalist), church fairly early adopted Arabic as its literary language. Their intellectual centres in Syria/Palestine were Jerusalem, along with the monaster ies of Mar Sabas and Mar Chariton in Judea, Edessa and Damascus. A great many Arabic manuscripts stemming from the first millennium, some of them dated, copied at the monastery of Mar Chariton and especially at that of Mar Saba, have been discovered in the monastery of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai, the only monastery that has not been pillaged and set on fire by the bedouin. These manuscripts are of great importance for the history of the Arabic language. Because Christians were less devoted to the ideal of the ‘arabiyya than their Muslim contemporaries, their writings contain a great many devi ations from classical Arabic, thus enabling us to reconstruct early Neo-Arabic, the predecessor of the modern Arabic dialects, and bridge a gap of over one thousand years in the history of the Arabic language.

The functions of the dative in the Jewish Arabic dialect of Baghdad

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Assaf Bar Moshe
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic

Abstract Like in Classical Arabic and other modern Arabic dialects, the preposition l- marks the dative also in the Jewish Arabic dialect of Baghdad (JB). Under the scope of the syntactic category of dative, one finds different semantic roles like recipients, benefactives, possessors, experiencers, and others. Moreover, some datives operate on the pragmatic rather than the semantic level of the clause. This paper defines and exemplifies seven different dative roles in JB based on their interpretive properties and accounts for their distinctive syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic features.

Modern Egyptian renaissance man

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Ostle
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Renaissance Man ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic

The rise of political consciousness in the Arab Provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century has long been referred to as an era of rebirth or resurrection (nahḍa), and from its earliest stages this period saw a dual process of aspirations to political emancipation and creative waves of cultural regeneration. Thus George Antonius was moved to attribute the beginnings of the Arab national movement to the foundation of a modest literary society in Beirut in 1847; the two figures who dominated the intellectual life of Syria in the mid nineteenth century—Nāṣīf al-Yāzijī and Buṭrus al-Bustānī—were ded icated to the resurrection of the lost world of classical Arabic literature, to the virtual re-creation of Arabic as one of the languages of the modern world, and to preaching the virtues of education based on inter-confessional tolerance and patriotic ideals. The most distinguished area of the early history of modern Arabic literature is neo-classical poetry, whose revival of the achievements of the golden age of the ‘Abbāsids provided the foundation on which the first tentative steps towards the renewal of the great tradition were to be based. Indeed the technical excellence of the neo-classical mode was such that it dominated poetry in Egypt at least until the late 1920s, and for even longer in Iraq and the rest of the Levant.

scholarly journals The Language of the Quran: Verb Morphology

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Oleg Red'kin ◽  
Ol'ga Bernikova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Source Of Information

The Quran is in focus of many researchers as a crucial source of information, including its language. The aim of the study is to describe the morphology of the Quran language in comparison with the modern Arabic literature language, which requires a thorough and comprehensive analysis of its text. The available scientific literature describes the style and vocabulary of the Quran language in detail, while the morphological aspects are not fully studied. The complementary use of modern methods of automatic data processing and techniques of comparative historical linguistics allows not only getting an unbiased picture of the morphology of the classical Arabic language, but also provides the basis for further typological studies. A quantitative analysis of individual verbal word forms in the Quran text in comparison with similar models of the modern Arabic language demonstrates the predominance of archaic forms, which in this case are typical for Arabic dialects, both ancient and modern. The findings substantiate the need for extra insights into the language of the Arabian Peninsula during the emergence of Islam, including on the basis of the Quran studies.

scholarly journals MODEL KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SDIT AL-ANWAR DAN FIRDAUS MOJOKERTO JAWA TIMUR

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilam Kadarin Nuriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
Full Day ◽  
The Ideal

This research is conducted in SDIT Al Anwar and SDIT Firdaus Mojokerto, East Java. This research is to identify the model of the Islamic education curriculum, to indicate the religious educational implementation, to identify and understand the current difficulties, and finding the ideal model for the religious educational curriculum and its implementation in forming the students’ character. The currently operating model of thecurriculum is concerned with the National education curriculum’s development which is adapted to each condition of the schools. This also involves local content and self-individual development from the students. The development from the institution is referred to the Quran, Al-Islam, the history of Islam, and Arabic language. The everyday routine of reading prayers, the Quran, brief religious lectures, memorizing the brief verses (the 30th), etc is also introduced. The implementation adapts from two learning thematic models; the lower class, and integrated with the upper class. The school applies a full day learning method. The strongest distinction possessed by the two local curriculum and self-individual development SDIT is located by their ability in cooperating each other in order to create a leadership figure such as the prophet Muhammad saw; trustworthy, fatonah, and tablig. On the other hand, the unfinished and incomplete process of property construction has become a main problem. The ideal curriculum model which has been implemented becomes energy between cultures both in schools and environments.

scholarly journals Arabic Dialects and Classical Arabic Language

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhafeth Ali Khrisat ◽  
Ziad Ali Alharthy
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Classical Arabic

Modern Arabic Literature as Seen in the Late Nineteenth Century: Jurji Murqus’s Contribution to Korsh and Kirpichnikov’s Vseobshchaya Istoriya Literatury*

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The University ◽  
History Of Literature ◽  
Modern Arabic

This chapter discusses modern Arabic literature as seen in the late nineteenth century by focusing on Jurji Ibrahim Murqus's contribution to Vseobshchaya Istoriya literatury (Universal History of Literature), edited by V. F. Korsh and A. I. Kirpichnikov. Murqus was a Syrian academic migrant who left Damascus in 1860. He studied at the Faculty of Oriental Languages of the University of St Petersburg and taught Arabic at the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages in Moscow. This chapter presents a slightly abridged rendering of Murqus's text, which concentrates on the evolution of the Arabic language, on prose writers and on translators. It also considers Murqus's position where prose genres are concerned, with particular emphasis on his recognition of the significance of travel writing, as well as his views on translation. Finally, it suggests that Mustafa Badawi would have disputed some of Murqus's statements on sound scholarly grounds.

scholarly journals Syllabification patterns in Arabic dialects: long segments and mora sharing

Phonology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet C. E. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic

In Classical Arabic and many modern Arabic dialects, syllables ending in VVC or in the left leg of a geminate have a special status. An examination of Kiparsky's (2003) semisyllable account of syllabification types and related phenomena in Arabic against a wider set of data shows that while this account explains much syllable-related variation, certain phenomena cannot be captured, and several dialects appear to exhibit conflicting syllable-related phenomena. Phenomena not readily covered by the semisyllable account commonly involve long segments – long vowels or geminate consonants. In this paper, I propose for relevant dialects a mora-sharing solution that recognises the special status of syllables incorporating long segments. Such a mora-sharing solution is not new, but has been proposed for the analysis of syllables containing long segments in a number of languages, including Arabic (Broselow 1992, Broselow et al.1995), Malayalam, Hindi (Broselow et al.1997) and Bantu languages (Maddieson 1993, Hubbard 1995).

scholarly journals AZERBAIJANI LITERARY LANGUAGE OF THE 17th CENTURY: THE SOCIO-POLITICAL CONTENT AND LANGUAGE OF THE ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullaeva Gizilgul Agali Gizi
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
The Real ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Turkish Language

The article reveals the socio-political content of the XVII century. Both dependence on foreigners and the influence of internal tensions between tribes on the political life of the Safavid state are investigated. In such historical circumstances, the cultural environment is also based on sources that have not yet been identified. Under such circumstances, a description of the language is given. In particular, during the period of the Shah Abbas (during the rule of other shahs), attitudes toward the Turkish language are expressed in contradictory ideas. It has been established that the stage of the XVII century literary language is not a way out, but history as a turning point. This is proved, on the one hand, by scientific data, as well as facts about language. As a result of the research, it turns out that the language policy that underlies the existence of the state and the nation is carried out in the direction of Turkic rule in the 17th century. The article contains the rich language of the real world, including the introduction of the Turkish language in the history of the 17th century Azerbaijani literary language, the decline of the Persian language (including the accompanying Arabic language), the destruction of cults, as well as the intensification of new processes, such as differentiation, stabilization and democratization examples. In the 17th century, as in all periods of the history of the Azerbaijani literary language or at all stages of historical development, the process of defining a literary language and defining different styles (charming, scientific, official epistolary) took place. Style plays a significant role in relationships. In volume, the rate is determined in style and appears. As a result, it is noted that the 17th century very dynamically develops phonetic, lexical and grammatical norms in the direction of nationalization. The development of literary language, of course, all levels of language are available. But what if you want to translate it into one language? The real fact, which is obvious, or hidden, or not, is voluminous in the volume, which is a lexical system, which leads to great changes. This does not mean that in other languages, such as the phonological system, the language is checked and the file is checked. All, that is, it is not so, but here is a breakthrough for change. This is not an idea or an idea of ​​ignorance and ignorance, but there is no certainty that changes in language change. The truth is that everything that creates a change in the original of another phenomenon, which confirms the existence of legality. The definition of phonetic norms for a certain period of time (continent, period or phase) is contained in a volume that is one of the other publicly available versions of the phone in the language, and, in each other's eyes, by removing from one-dimensional parallels, stabilization in language and content

Vestiges of tanwīn -un and the case ending -u as attested in Yemenite Judeo-Arabic texts from the seventeenth century

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-531
Author(s):  
Joshua Blau
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Short Vowels ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic

Although in classical Arabic all short vowels, as a rule, are preserved, a is more persistent than i/u: in prose, pausal -in/-un are elided, yet -an shifts to -ā. In many modern Arabic dialects too (dubbed by J. Cantineau diffeérentiel) a tends to be sustained in phonetic environments in which i/u are elided. This is, it seems, the reason that in the Bedouin dialects of northern Arabia and the Syrian-Iraqi desert it is the historical tanwīn -an, rather than -in/-un, that is preserved, especially when preceding an indefinite attribute; even phonetic -in has, it seems, to be derived from original -an. The same applies to medieval Judeo-Arabic 'n (spelt as a separate word) in this position.

scholarly journals المستويات اللغوية في المعاجم الحديثة بين المحافظة والتطوّر

Jurnal CMES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Megawer Sayyid Megawer Sakran
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic

<p>Arabic scholars from the classical to the modern period paid attention to the disciplines of Arabic lexicography. A great attention was given to lexicography, which was fundamentally helpful for active users and speakers of the Arabic language since the era of Khalil bin Ahmad (786 AD) who wrote the Al-‘Ain dictionary to Ahmad Mukhtar Umar's (2003) period with his dictionary Muʻjamu al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah al-Muʻāshirah. Modern linguistic studies then produce language levels found in Arabic dictionaries. This level of language is certainly different in the view of Arab lexicographers. Some see it from the perspective of a language level that includes syntax, morphology and phonology, mostly referred to by classical and modern dictionaries. Some others see the language levels typically a variety of languages ammiyyah (al-‘āmmī/colloquial Arabic) and various foreign languages (al-aʻjamī/foreign language). Both of these varieties have seized the attention of Arabic dictionaries through a number of explanations either explicitly or implicitly in these dictionaries. Language levels <br />additionally includes the treasure of language (turāts) literary works are assessed as the basic foundation for language users and reviewers. In addition to turāts, the level of spoken language used daily is also found in Arabic dictionaries. This language level undergoes articulation changes in a number of vocabularies in the form of changes at the vowel marks (charakat). This article outlines these four levels of language by modern Arabic dictionaries which aim to show the extent to which modern Arabic dictionaries make use of the classical Arabic lexicography paradigm and its contribution to the development of descriptions of language vocabulary for current language speakers and modern Arabic dictionary users.</p>

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