scholarly journals المستويات اللغوية في المعاجم الحديثة بين المحافظة والتطوّر

Jurnal CMES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Megawer Sayyid Megawer Sakran
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic

<p>Arabic scholars from the classical to the modern period paid attention to the disciplines of Arabic lexicography. A great attention was given to lexicography, which was fundamentally helpful for active users and speakers of the Arabic language since the era of Khalil bin Ahmad (786 AD) who wrote the Al-‘Ain dictionary to Ahmad Mukhtar Umar's (2003) period with his dictionary Muʻjamu al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah al-Muʻāshirah. Modern linguistic studies then produce language levels found in Arabic dictionaries. This level of language is certainly different in the view of Arab lexicographers. Some see it from the perspective of a language level that includes syntax, morphology and phonology, mostly referred to by classical and modern dictionaries. Some others see the language levels typically a variety of languages ammiyyah (al-‘āmmī/colloquial Arabic) and various foreign languages (al-aʻjamī/foreign language). Both of these varieties have seized the attention of Arabic dictionaries through a number of explanations either explicitly or implicitly in these dictionaries. Language levels <br />additionally includes the treasure of language (turāts) literary works are assessed as the basic foundation for language users and reviewers. In addition to turāts, the level of spoken language used daily is also found in Arabic dictionaries. This language level undergoes articulation changes in a number of vocabularies in the form of changes at the vowel marks (charakat). This article outlines these four levels of language by modern Arabic dictionaries which aim to show the extent to which modern Arabic dictionaries make use of the classical Arabic lexicography paradigm and its contribution to the development of descriptions of language vocabulary for current language speakers and modern Arabic dictionary users.</p>

A Melkite Arabic literary lingua franca from the second half of the first millennium

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Blau
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
The Ideal

After the Islamic conquest, the Greek Orthodox, so-called Melkite ( = Royalist), church fairly early adopted Arabic as its literary language. Their intellectual centres in Syria/Palestine were Jerusalem, along with the monaster ies of Mar Sabas and Mar Chariton in Judea, Edessa and Damascus. A great many Arabic manuscripts stemming from the first millennium, some of them dated, copied at the monastery of Mar Chariton and especially at that of Mar Saba, have been discovered in the monastery of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai, the only monastery that has not been pillaged and set on fire by the bedouin. These manuscripts are of great importance for the history of the Arabic language. Because Christians were less devoted to the ideal of the ‘arabiyya than their Muslim contemporaries, their writings contain a great many devi ations from classical Arabic, thus enabling us to reconstruct early Neo-Arabic, the predecessor of the modern Arabic dialects, and bridge a gap of over one thousand years in the history of the Arabic language.

Methods for selecting authentic texts in accordance with the language level of students while teaching German

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (08) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Turan Şahin qızı Kərimbəyli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Authentic Texts ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Authentic Text ◽  
Communicative Teaching

Today our main goal is to use authentic texts, including the study of the peculiarities of intercultural communication in the environment of communicative teaching of foreign languages. Authentic text reflects the use of natural language. It should be noted that the teaching of authentic texts in teaching a foreign language should be determined by the language level of the students. The selection criteria for authentic texts in German differ depending on the language level of the students. Key words: authentic texts, intercultural communication, communicative learning

Al-Naqqāsh, Mārūn مارون النقاش (1817–55)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovisa Berg
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Deep Knowledge ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Modern Arabic

Mārūn Al-Naqqāsh is often seen as the father of modern Arabic drama. He was born in Sidon, but grew up in Beirut. After a traditional education comprising detailed studies of Arabic language and literature as well as law and foreign languages Al-Naqqāsh decided to travel. His first journeys took him to Damascus and Aleppo, and then in 1846 he traveled to Egypt and Italy. In Italy he became fascinated with European theater and on his return to Beirut he decided to write and produce a play. Drawing on his deep knowledge of Arabic culture in addition to influences from his journeys, Al-Naqqāsh produced Al-bakhīl (The Miser, 1847).

scholarly journals The Language of the Quran: Verb Morphology

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Oleg Red'kin ◽  
Ol'ga Bernikova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Source Of Information

The Quran is in focus of many researchers as a crucial source of information, including its language. The aim of the study is to describe the morphology of the Quran language in comparison with the modern Arabic literature language, which requires a thorough and comprehensive analysis of its text. The available scientific literature describes the style and vocabulary of the Quran language in detail, while the morphological aspects are not fully studied. The complementary use of modern methods of automatic data processing and techniques of comparative historical linguistics allows not only getting an unbiased picture of the morphology of the classical Arabic language, but also provides the basis for further typological studies. A quantitative analysis of individual verbal word forms in the Quran text in comparison with similar models of the modern Arabic language demonstrates the predominance of archaic forms, which in this case are typical for Arabic dialects, both ancient and modern. The findings substantiate the need for extra insights into the language of the Arabian Peninsula during the emergence of Islam, including on the basis of the Quran studies.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Gadget in Speaking Arabic as a Foreign Language During the Covid 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Mohd Ieruwan Mohamed Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Technological Barriers ◽  
Negative Perceptions

In the 4th Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) era, learning a foreign language including Arabic has continued to become challenging for non-native speakers besides it has been identified as one of the difficult foreign languages around the world, according to the UNESCO report. To overcome this, the contemporary Arabic language students are practically being engaged with different technological gadgets in mastering the language. Nevertheless, the story is different for students facing connectivity and technological barriers. In general, the advancement of technology in line with IR 4.0 has undoubtedly helped in making the learning process more resourceful than usual. The technology equipment has been helping educators to communicate knowledge effectively. The use of technological tools is essential in facilitating learning processes, especially in languages which is a productive skill. However, many parties have been facing challenges of coping with the frequent changes and advancements in technology as it moves fast. Likewise, ethics in education while using these gadgets during the learning process must be observed. As the objectives of this study is to investigate and identify the effects that contribute to the difficulties in learning Arabic, the implementation of technological gadgets in learning a language is significant. It empowers the learners to practice throughout the learning process while addressing their needs. This helps educators change their negative perceptions of teaching the Arabic language as a foreign language by using any technological gadget. This paper is a theoretical study (conceptual) and not a research paper. The methodology used was the descriptive qualitative method.

INTERFERENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARABIC VOCABULARY (A MORPHOLOGICAL REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319-1329
Author(s):  
Abu Sufyan ◽  
Yani Rohmayani ◽  
Tubagus Chaeru Nugraha ◽  
Mohammed H. Al-Khresheh
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Phonological Interference ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Full Absorption

Purpose: This study aims to describe the forms of Arabic language interference on terminologies in the domains of science, technology, and art. Methodology: The study was conducted morphophonologically using descriptive-analytical research methods. The descriptive-analytic research method was used to facilitate the achievement of goals specified in this study. The data findings were reviewed using the distributional method. Main Findings: The study found that language interference is an aspect of vocabulary development and enrichment, which requires harmonization of speech sounds. The results showed that in the Arabic language, interference produced partial absorption and full absorption. Phonologically, partial absorption occurred through the absorption of sound elements at the beginning or end of a word.  Applications: Understanding the issue of language transfer in the development of Arabic vocabulary is useful for non- native Arabic speakers. The findings can also help Arabic teachers revise their teachings methods accordingly. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributed to a better understanding of the forms of phonological interference of foreign languages into the Arabic language. These forms can be represented as partial absorption, total absorption, and sound change. While in morphological forms, interference causes different developments of word patterns from classical Arabic.

scholarly journals MEDIA ARABIC LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-304
Author(s):  
Amrudin Hajrić
Keyword(s):  
Print Media ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
The Media ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
Literary Arabic ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Arabic World

Over time with the development of human society, besides communication, language started being used in other domains, the media being one of them. Language, as the main means of the media, and the media through which language is spread and popularized among people are closely related and complementary. Media Arabic, which appeared with the foundation of the first print media in the Arabic world, was additionally popularized with the foundation of the first radio and TV stations in that area. All the conditions and circumstances following the foundation and development of Arabic media affected the formation of media Arabic, so its three sources are: literary Arabic, colloquial Arabic and foreign languages. Literary Arabic gives it authenticity and currency, from colloquial language it has inherited simplicity, clarity, and preciseness, while the foreign element secures its actuality and modernity. Media Arabic constantly develops and, in that way, contributes to the development and update of language in general.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Spiritual Practices And Foreign Language Achievements Among Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1885-1895
Author(s):  
Afandi Yusoff, Nik Mohd Rahimi Nik Yusoff Harun Baharudin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Implication

Students are often faced with physical and psychological challenges when learning foreign languages. Besides having to need a delineated physical willingness, they also require spiritual support that can improve the accomplishments in that languages. This study aims to identify the levels of spiritual practices and the correlation in students’ achievements in Arabic as a foreign language. This quantitative survey used questionnaires on spiritual practices and end-of-year results of Arabic language. 399 students of Religious Secondary Schools in Malaysia were chosen as respondents. Research findings showed that the level of spiritual practices were high, yet the achievements was moderate. There was a significant correlation between spiritual practices and achievements in Arabic language. The findings indicated that spiritual practices were to help one’s performance in learning foreign languages. Therefore, the research implication is that the absorbance of spiritual practices in curriculum and teachings must be done in order to obtain good Arabic language achievements.

scholarly journals تعليم الحوار بالتمثيل لترقية قدرة الطلبة على التكلم باللغة العربية دراسة تجريبية بمعهد باب النجاح العصري بندا أتشيه

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-111
Author(s):  
Zikrullah Nuzuli ◽  
Azman Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The method of dialog (conversational Method) is one method of teaching foreign languages ​​such as Arabic, English, or other languages ​​by directly inviting students to dialogue / speak with the foreign language being taught. Playing drama is one way to make it easier for students to remember Arabic vocab. The conversational method intended here is a way of teaching by dramatizing behavior in the form of social relations. As for the problems that researchers get at the modern Babun Najah boarding school, some students at the Modern Pesantren Babun Najah are less able to understand the language when dialoguing with Arabic with their friends well and it is also difficult to pronounce the Arabic language. From these problems the researcher wants to discuss research entitled "Muhadatsah learning through the dramatization method to improve students' ability to engage in dialogue using Arabic."  The research method used by researchers in writing this thesis is an quasi experiment, this method which launches the design of a study, which aims to examine the relationship of cause and effect to the cause of the phenomenon. The mujtama 'in this study were students of class 1 Aliyah Modern Islamic Boarding School Babun Najah Ulee Kareng where students numbered 151 people, and the sample was class 1 MIA 4 students, amounting to 32 people, viewed from the learning aspects and the results of research has been done on that class is increasing. The Muhadatsah learning through the method of dramatization can improve students' ability in dialogue by using Arabic language because it can be seen through the value of to and it is clear that the value of 22.03% is higher than the percentage value of 5% = 2.04 and 1% 2.75. While the motivation of students in dialogue by using drama achieves excellent value categories.

Abdel Sabour, Salah (1931–1981)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Hammouda
Keyword(s):  
Regular Education ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Common Language ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Free Verse ◽  
Arabic Poetry ◽  
Rigid Structure ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic

Salah Abdel Sabour (also Abd-al Sabur) is an Egyptian writer, poet, and playwright. He is considered a pioneer of modern Arabic poetry and a prominent figure in Arabic modernism and the Arabic free verse movement. Born in a small town in the Eastern Delta of Egypt in 1931, Abdel Sabour showed an interest in literature at a young age. He began writing verse at the tender age of thirteen. His talent reached full maturity by the 1950’s. Though his regular education enabled him to develop an appreciation for the long tradition of classical Arabic poetry, his modern sensibility was sharpened through readings in European poetry, especially that of symbolists Rilke and Baudelaire, and the English poetry of Donne, Yeats, Keats and T.S. Eliot. He was also influenced by prominent Arab Sufis such as Al-Mutanabbi, and Persian mystic poet and Sufi writer Mansur Al-Hallaj. He graduated from the Department of Arabic Language, at the Faculty of Arts, Cairo University, in 1951. In 1957 his first collection of poetry Al-Nass Fi Biladi [People of my Country] using free verse was published, catapulting the poet into fame. It caught both readers’ and critics’ attention alike for its use of unique imagery and everyday common language. It broke away from the constricting rigid structure of Arabic classical poetry.

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