Biological Control of Northern Jointvetch in Rice by An Endemic Fungal Disease

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Daniel ◽  
G. E. Templeton ◽  
R. J. Smith ◽  
W. T. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Water Sprays ◽  
Common Field

An endemic anthrocnose disease of northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.] incited by the fungusColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomenewas discovered in 1969 at Stuttgart, Arkansas. When grown on solid or in liquid media, the organism grew rapidly and sporulated abundantly. From 1970 through 1972 water sprays of the fungus spores at 2 to 15 million spores per milliliter in 94 to 374 L/ha controlled northern jointvetch grown in the growth chamber, greenhouse, and field. The fungus controlled plants ranging from 5 to 66 cm tall. The disease developed on northern jointvetch most rapidly at temperatures of 23 to 32 C and at relative humidities above 80%. An incubation period of 4 to 7 days and up to 5 weeks was usually required to kill the weeds. The fungus was specific forAeschynomenespecies since it was very virulent onA. virginicaand only slightly virulent on Indian jointvetch (A. indicaL.). It did not affect rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), or 12 other common field, forage, and vegetable crops or 15 common weeds.

Control of Winged Waterprimrose (Jussiaea decurrens) and Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) with Fungal Pathogens

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Boyette ◽  
G. E. Templeton ◽  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Region

An indigenous, host-specific, pathogenic fungus that parasitizes winged waterprimrose [Jussiaea decurrens(Walt.) DC.] is endemic in the rice growing region of Arkansas. The fungus was isolated and identified asColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f.sp. jussiaeae(CGJ). It is highly specific for parasitism of winged waterprimrose and not parasitic on creeping waterprimrose (J. repensL. var.glabrescensKtze.), rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), or 4 other crops and 13 other weeds. The fungus was physiologically distinct from C.gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomene(CGA), an endemic anthracnose pathogen of northern jointvetch[Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.], as indicated by cross inoculations of both weeds. Culture in the laboratory and inoculation of winged waterprimrose in greenhouse, growth chamber and field experiments indicated that the pathogen was stable, specific, and virulent in a wide range of environments. The pathogen yielded large quantities of spores in liquid culture. It is suitable for control of winged waterprimrose. Winged waterprimrose and northern jointvetch were controlled in greenhouse and field tests by application of spore mixtures of CGJ and CGA at concentrations of 1 to 2 million spores/ml of each fungus in 94 L/ha of water; the fungi did not damage rice or nontarget crops.

Preemergence Herbicidal Activities of 3-Phenoxypyridazine Derivatives

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Takematsu ◽  
Yasutomo Takeuchi ◽  
Saburo Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Ortho Position ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Phaseolus Angularis ◽  
Submerged Conditions

Preemergence herbicidal activities of 27 3-phenoxypyridazine derivatives were evaluated in pots under upland and submerged conditions. Each of the compounds containing an alkyl or halogen at the ortho position of the benzene ring showed marked herbicidal effects. The activity of some disubstituted compounds carrying one of the substituents at the ortho position was the next. Among the compounds tested, 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-, 3-(2,3-dimethylphenoxy)-, 3-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-, and 3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-pyridazines exhibited an excellent margin of selectivity for tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and Azuki bean (Phaseolus angularis Wight). For transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L. ‘Norin No. 29′) under submerged conditions, 3-(2-isopropylphenoxy)-and 3-(2-n-butylphenoxy)-pyridazines showed a remarkable margin of selectivity, though the herbicidal activity of both compounds was slightly inferior to that of 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-pyridazine.

Biological Control of Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Soybeans (Glycine max) — a Researcher's View

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The U.S

Weed control strategies for rice (Oryza sativaL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] emphasize integration of cultural and chemical practices (16, 30, 31). Numerous herbicides are registered and used as preplant, preemergence, or post-emergence applications for control of weeds in rice and soybean (3, 16, 25). Although these herbicide treatments control most of the problem weeds in rice and soybean, most fail to control northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P. # AESVI] in either crop. The two most effective herbicides, 2,4,5-T [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] and silvex [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid], for control of northern jointvetch in rice have been under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Rebuttal Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) process which may ultimately cancel the use of both herbicides in rice (50). New, effective control strategies are needed for control of northern jointvetch in rice and soybean.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Fluridone in Selected Crop Species

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Berard ◽  
D. P. Rainey ◽  
C. C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Uptake Studies

The uptake, translocation, and metabolism of the herbicide fluridone 1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone was studied in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Stoneville 213’) (fluridone tolerant) and corn (Zea mays L. ‘Migro 5040’), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Calland’], and rice (Oryza sativa L. ‘Nato’) (fluridone susceptible). Uptake studies with 14C fluridone demonstrated that all species absorbed radioactivity with rice having the highest concentration. Equivalent concentrations of radioactivity were observed in corn, cotton, and soybean. Absorbed fluridone was retained primarily in the roots and the basal region of the stem of cotton, while in the herbicide susceptible species fluridone was readily translocated into the shoots. No appreciable metabolism of fluridone was observed in the roots or shoots of cotton and soybean. Tolerance of cotton to fluridone was primarily attributed to the limited translocation of the compound.

scholarly journals Curtobacterium glycinis sp. nov. from Glycine max, Curtobacterium gossypii sp. nov. from Gossypium hirsutum and Curtobacterium oryzae sp. nov. from Oryza sativa, three new Curtobacterium species and endophytes from agricultural crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Seaton ◽  
Jacqueline Lemaire ◽  
Patrik Inderbitzin ◽  
Victoria Knight-Connoni ◽  
James F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Agricultural Crops

ABSTRACTThree new Curtobacterium species from healthy tissues of agricultural crop plants in the United States are reported. They are Curtobacterium glycinis sp. nov. from soybean in Missouri, Curtobacterium gossypii from cotton in Puerto Rico and Curtobacterium oryzae sp. nov. from rice in Texas.

Application of Herbicides in Foam

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
W. L. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Water Sprays ◽  
Foam Production

We constructed a foam applicator capable of creating 300 to 400 gal of foam from 1 gal of water. The equipment was successful for applying herbicides in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Stoneville 213) and soybeans (Glycine max Merr., var. Lee) after emergence. Weed control was equal with applications in foam as compared to conventional applications in water sprays. Foam production was highly dependent on the type and concentration of surfactant used. Various additives increased foam persistence in laboratory studies. However, for maximum effectiveness under field conditions, additives are needed that are more effective in increasing foam persistence than the ones evaluated.

Biological Herbicides: Discovery, Development, Deployment

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Control Situations ◽  
Florida Citrus

Chemical herbicides are without question the most effective immediate solution to most weed problems. They are not, however, the only option or necessarily the best for all weed control situations (23, 24, 34). Recent commercialization of two biological herbicides illustrates another weed control technology with potential (24, 27, 44, 50). Abbott Laboratories marketed the fungusPhytophthora palmivoraButler in 1981 for control of strangler vine (Morrenia odorataLindl.) in Florida citrus groves. The Upjohn Company will market the fungus (Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.aeschynomene(c.g.a.) in 1982 for control of northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.] in Arkansas rice (Oryza sativaL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] fields (45).

scholarly journals Efeitos do tratamento de sementes de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.), arroz (Oryza sativa L.) e soja [Glycine max (L.) Merril] com alguns fungicidas não mercuriais

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (0) ◽  
pp. 497-507
Author(s):  
Julio Marcos Filho ◽  
Antonio Carlos Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
E 600

Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento de sementes de arroz, algodão e soja, quando tratadas com íungicidas não mercuriais, através de testes de germinação e de vigor. Foram utilizados os seguintes produtos: Arasan (Thiram 75% i.a.), Panoctine (Guazatine 75% i.a.) e Terracoat (23,2% PCNB + 5,8% Terrazole). A dosagem do 1º produto foi de 100 g/100 kg de sementes enquanto que, para os outros dois, foram de 200, 400 e 600 cm³/100 kg. Nas condições do experimento, as três dosagens de Panoctine foram tóxicas para sementes de arroz e a dose mais alta prejudicou o vigor de soja e de algodão. Por outro lado Arasan e Terracoat não prejudicaram a germinação e vigor de arroz e de soja e apresentarm efeitos benéficos sobre o vigor de sementes de algodão.

Herbicidal Concentrations of Picloram in Cell Culture and Leaf Buds

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Davis ◽  
A. Villarreal ◽  
J. R. Baur ◽  
I. S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Primary Leaf ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Internal Concentration ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Cell cultures of soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merrill ‘Acme’) were exposed to media containing 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) for 15 days. Picloram also was supplied once in droplets (water) to cotyledons of 10 to 13-day-old seedlings of cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Champion’). The amounts of picloram necessary to reach and exceed the 50% tolerance limit (TL50) of the cell cultures (inhibition) and of the primary leaf buds (toxicity) were established, and internal picloram concentrations then were determined. Internal concentrations at the TL50were 0.17 nM/g fresh weight and 14.7 nM/g fresh weight for cell cultures and leaf buds, respectively. These values are approximately 10−7and 10−5molar. In leaf buds, concentrations increased rapidly for 36 hr after treatment and declined slowly thereafter. Primary leaf buds accumulated up to several times the lethal internal concentration of picloram when the dosage to the cotyledons was increased by one order of magnitude.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document