Biological Herbicides: Discovery, Development, Deployment

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Control Situations ◽  
Florida Citrus

Chemical herbicides are without question the most effective immediate solution to most weed problems. They are not, however, the only option or necessarily the best for all weed control situations (23, 24, 34). Recent commercialization of two biological herbicides illustrates another weed control technology with potential (24, 27, 44, 50). Abbott Laboratories marketed the fungusPhytophthora palmivoraButler in 1981 for control of strangler vine (Morrenia odorataLindl.) in Florida citrus groves. The Upjohn Company will market the fungus (Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.aeschynomene(c.g.a.) in 1982 for control of northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.] in Arkansas rice (Oryza sativaL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] fields (45).

Control of Winged Waterprimrose (Jussiaea decurrens) and Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) with Fungal Pathogens

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Boyette ◽  
G. E. Templeton ◽  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Region

An indigenous, host-specific, pathogenic fungus that parasitizes winged waterprimrose [Jussiaea decurrens(Walt.) DC.] is endemic in the rice growing region of Arkansas. The fungus was isolated and identified asColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f.sp. jussiaeae(CGJ). It is highly specific for parasitism of winged waterprimrose and not parasitic on creeping waterprimrose (J. repensL. var.glabrescensKtze.), rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), or 4 other crops and 13 other weeds. The fungus was physiologically distinct from C.gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomene(CGA), an endemic anthracnose pathogen of northern jointvetch[Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.], as indicated by cross inoculations of both weeds. Culture in the laboratory and inoculation of winged waterprimrose in greenhouse, growth chamber and field experiments indicated that the pathogen was stable, specific, and virulent in a wide range of environments. The pathogen yielded large quantities of spores in liquid culture. It is suitable for control of winged waterprimrose. Winged waterprimrose and northern jointvetch were controlled in greenhouse and field tests by application of spore mixtures of CGJ and CGA at concentrations of 1 to 2 million spores/ml of each fungus in 94 L/ha of water; the fungi did not damage rice or nontarget crops.

Biological Control of Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Soybeans (Glycine max) — a Researcher's View

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The U.S

Weed control strategies for rice (Oryza sativaL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] emphasize integration of cultural and chemical practices (16, 30, 31). Numerous herbicides are registered and used as preplant, preemergence, or post-emergence applications for control of weeds in rice and soybean (3, 16, 25). Although these herbicide treatments control most of the problem weeds in rice and soybean, most fail to control northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P. # AESVI] in either crop. The two most effective herbicides, 2,4,5-T [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] and silvex [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid], for control of northern jointvetch in rice have been under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Rebuttal Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) process which may ultimately cancel the use of both herbicides in rice (50). New, effective control strategies are needed for control of northern jointvetch in rice and soybean.

scholarly journals Quick Reference Guide to Postemergence Herbicides for Citrus Weed Control

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramdas Kanissery ◽  
Camille E. McAvoy ◽  
Jamie D. Burrow ◽  
Stephen H. Futch ◽  
Brent A. Sellers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Reference Table ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

This quick reference table will provide growers with information (suggested rates, use restrictions, etc.) on different herbicides used in citrus. The herbicide table, prepared based on the Florida Citrus Production Guide, will aid growers to select an appropriate postemergent herbicide program in citrus groves. Written by Ramdas Kanissery, Camille E. McAvoy, Jamie D. Burrow, Stephen H. Futch, Brent A. Sellers, and S. Shea Teems, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1410

Biological Control of Northern Jointvetch in Rice by An Endemic Fungal Disease

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Daniel ◽  
G. E. Templeton ◽  
R. J. Smith ◽  
W. T. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Water Sprays ◽  
Common Field

An endemic anthrocnose disease of northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.] incited by the fungusColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomenewas discovered in 1969 at Stuttgart, Arkansas. When grown on solid or in liquid media, the organism grew rapidly and sporulated abundantly. From 1970 through 1972 water sprays of the fungus spores at 2 to 15 million spores per milliliter in 94 to 374 L/ha controlled northern jointvetch grown in the growth chamber, greenhouse, and field. The fungus controlled plants ranging from 5 to 66 cm tall. The disease developed on northern jointvetch most rapidly at temperatures of 23 to 32 C and at relative humidities above 80%. An incubation period of 4 to 7 days and up to 5 weeks was usually required to kill the weeds. The fungus was specific forAeschynomenespecies since it was very virulent onA. virginicaand only slightly virulent on Indian jointvetch (A. indicaL.). It did not affect rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), or 12 other common field, forage, and vegetable crops or 15 common weeds.

scholarly journals Rimsulfuron Tank Mixed with Flumioxazin, Pendimethalin, or Oryzalin for Control of Broadleaf Weeds in Citrus

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Analiza H.M. Ramirez ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Florida Citrus

Herbicides are usually applied multiple times by growers for season long weed control in Florida citrus (Citrus sp.). Rimsulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide has been recently registered for control of certain grasses and broadleaf weeds in citrus. To increase the weed control spectrum and reduce application cost, citrus growers often prefer to tank mix herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 in citrus groves in central Florida to evaluate weed control efficacy and crop safety of rimsulfuron applied alone or in tank mixes with flumioxazin, pendimethalin, or oryzalin. Herbicides were applied sequentially in spring and fall in both years on the same experimental plot. Results suggested that rimsulfuron applied alone controlled >80% broadleaf and grass weeds up to 30 days after treatment (DAT) and was comparable to tank mixing rimsulfuron with pendimethalin or oryzalin; however, control was reduced beyond 30 DAT. Rimsulfuron tank mixed with flumioxazin was the most effective treatment at 30 and 60 DAT that provided, respectively, ≥88% and >75%, control of broadleaf weeds including brazil pusley (Richardia brasiliensis), dog fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), cotton weed (Froelichia floridana), and virginia pepperweed (Virginia virginicum) compared with other treatments. Control of natalgrass (Melinis repens) was higher in all tank mix treatments compared with rimsulfuron applied alone with no difference among tank mix partners. Rimsulfuron tank mixed with pendimethalin or oryzalin had no advantage over rimsulfuron applied alone for control of broadleaf weeds. Among sequential applications, weed control was better after fall herbicide application (August) compared with spring (April) because of residual activity of fall applied herbicides. Rimsulfuron tank mixed with flumioxazin will provide citrus growers with an additional weed control option.

Identification and Management of Clustered Pellitory (Parietaria praetermissa) in Citrus Groves

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ramdas Kanissery ◽  
Biwek Gairhe ◽  
Brent Sellers ◽  
Steve Futch
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Heavy Infestation

In Florida, clustered pellitory is becoming a troublesome weed for citrus, especially from the winter through early summer. Inadequate management of this weed can result in its heavy infestation in tree rows and can interrupt the spray pattern of low-volume drip irrigation systems. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department will assist Florida citrus growers with proper identification of clustered pellitory and with adoption of adequate and timely strategies to manage this weed in their groves. Written by Ramdas Kanissery, Biwek Gairhe, Brent Sellers, and Steve Futch. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1341

Weed Control with Reduced Rates of Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin and Imazethapyr in No-Till Narrow-Row Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to combinations of glyphosate, metolachlor, 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied prior to planting (PP), and 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of imazethapyr applied early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail densities were reduced with sequential PP followed by (fb) EPOST or POST treatments. Large crabgrass was reduced equivalently with all herbicide combinations involving chlorimuron plus metribuzin PP fb imazethapyr. Common cocklebur control was variable but was usually greater with treatments that included imazethapyr. Ivyleaf morningglory densities were not reduced with any herbicide combinations. Sequential PP fb EPOST or POST treatments tended to provide slightly better weed suppression than PP-only treatments, but the difference was rarely significant. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 X rates were usually equal to 1 X rates.

Effect of herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
R. S. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Weed Infestation

Two field experiments were conducted during the kharif (rainy) season of 1999 and 2000 on a loamy sand soil to study the effect of various pre- and post-emergence herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean. The presence of weeds in the weedy control plots resulted in 58.8 and 58.1% reduction in the grain yield in the two years compared to two hand weedings (HW) at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), which gave grain yields of 1326 and 2029 kg ha-1. None of the herbicides was significantly superior to the two hand weedings treatment in influencing the grain yield. However, the pre-emergence application of 0.75 kg ha-1 S-metolachlor, and 0.5 kg ha-1 pendimethalin (pre-emergence) + HW 30 DAS were at par or numerically superior to this treatment. There was a good negative correlation between the weed dry matter at harvest and the grain yield of soybean, which showed that effective weed control is necessary for obtaining higher yields of soybean.

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