Preemergence Control of Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Sugarcane (Saccharumspp hybrids) with Pendimethalin and Prodiamine

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex W. Millhollon
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sugarcane Stalk ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Rottboellia Cochinchinensis

Preemergence control of itchgrass in sugarcane with nonincorporated pendimethalin and prodiamine increased as rate for each herbicide increased from 2.2 to 3.4 kg ai ha-1. Itchgrass control at 3.4 kg ha-1was similar for both herbicides, ranging from 78 to 94% (86% mean) for pendimethalin in six field experiments and 83 to 91% (86% mean) for prodiamine in three experiments. Incorporated trifluralin at 2.2 kg ha-1, the standard, gave 99% mean control of itchgrass. None of the nonincorporated treatments with pendimethalin or prodiamine consistently prevented a decrease in the sugarcane stalk population at harvest. Asulam applied postemergence at 3.7 kg ae ha-1controlled itchgrass that survived the preemergence herbicides, and sugarcane stalk populations were maintained. Preemergence control of johnsongrass with nonincorporated treatments of pendimethalin or prodiamine at 2.8 kg ha-1, in a mixture with atrazine at 2.2 kg ai ha-1, ranged from 86 to 95% (89% mean) for pendimethalin and 80 to 95% (88% mean) for prodiamine. Metribuzin at 2.2 kg ha-1, the standard, gave 97% mean control of johnsongrass. Mixtures of pendimethalin with metribuzin or terbacil generally gave more effective control of johnsongrass than mixtures with atrazine. When used in conjunction with other herbicides, nonincorporated pendimethalin and prodiamine were effective alternatives to soil-incorporated treatments for weed control in sugarcane.

Preemergence Weed Control in a Conservation Tillage Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Cropping System on Sandy Soils

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
John R. Abernathy
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were established on a loamy fine sand to evaluate weed control in a conservation tillage system where cotton was planted into sorghum stubble. Preemergence herbicides for Palmer amaranth and volunteer sorghum control in cotton included methazole, dipropetryn, prometryn, metolachlor, and metolachlor plus dipropetryn or prometryn. Dipropetryn controlled both weeds without crop injury. Above 1.7 kg ai/ha, methazole provided effective control but injured the crop. Prometryn was less effective than dipropetryn or methazole against Palmer amaranth and controlled <40% volunteer sorghum. Metolachlor unacceptably injured cotton. Cotton yields were excellent when both weeds were controlled.

KIH-485 and S-metolachlor Efficacy Comparisons in Conventional and No-Tillage Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
John C. Frihauf
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted during 2003 and 2004 to compare the effectiveness of KIH-485 and S-metolachlor for PRE weed control in no-tillage and conventional-tillage corn. Longspine sandbur control increased as KIH-485 or S-metolachlor rates increased in conventional-tillage corn, but control did not exceed 75% when averaged over experiments. Both herbicides controlled at least 87% of green foxtail with the exception of no-tillage corn in 2004, when KIH-485 was more effective than S-metolachlor at lower rates. Palmer amaranth control ranged from 85 to 100% in 2003 and 80 to 100% in 2004, with the exception of only 57 to 76% control at the lowest two S-metolachlor rates in 2004. Puncturevine control exceeded 94% with all treatments in 2003. In 2004, KIH-485 controlled 86 to 96% of the puncturevine, whereas S-metolachlor controlled only 70 to 81%. Mixtures of atrazine with KIH-485 or S-metolachlor generally provided the most effective control of broadleaf weeds studied.

Oxadiazon for Weed Control in Woody Ornamentals

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Bailey ◽  
James A. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Woody Ornamentals

Weed competition in the commercial production of woody ornamentals results in substantial economic losses annually due to increased labor costs and reductions in plant growth and quality. Container and field experiments were established in 1975 and continued through 1976 to evaluate oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] as a weed control agent and to determine its effect on ornamentals at selected test sites throughout the United States. Test programs were conducted with container and field grown ornamentals at 10 locations during 1975 and subsequently increased to 12 locations in 1976. Rates evaluated included 3.4, 4.5, 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha. Highly effective control of 17 weeds was obtained for 3-month periods at rates as low as 4.5 kg/ha. Oxadiazon gave commercially acceptable control of common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.), a very serious weed problem in containers. Control of common chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo], however, was poor at all rates tested. Ornamental tolerance to oxadiazon was generally excellent. Of the 50 ornamental species evaluated in 1975, only two displayed phytotoxic symptoms; scarlet firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea Roem.) and Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.) at 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha following three successive applications at 3-month intervals. In 1976 trials on 63 species, phytotoxic symptoms could not be reproduced on the above species; chemical intolerance was limited to growth inhibition of aloe yucca (Yucca aloifolia L.) at 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Preemergence herbicides on weed control in elephant grass pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Alexandre Magno Brighenti ◽  
Leonardo Henrique Ferreira Calsavara ◽  
Yago Vieira Guerra Varotto
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

ABSTRACT Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is an important forage crop that has been proposed as a potential feedstock for bioenergy production. However, weed interference is a major factor limiting elephant grass production. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to evaluate preemergence herbicides for selective weed control in an elephant grass pasture. Herbicide treatments included atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, diuron + hexazinone, sulfentrazone, imazethapyr, and atrazine at label use rates. Weedy and weed-free treatments were included. Atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, and atrazine did not cause phytotoxicity on elephantgrass 35 days after treatment (DAT). However, diuron + hexazinone and imazethapyr were the most phytotoxic on elephantgrass, resulting in 81 and 70% phytotoxicity in 2014, and 7 and 6% phytotoxicity in 2015 respectively 35 DAT. All treatments provided effective weed control (>81%) with the exception of ethoxysulfuron (0 and 11% in 2014 and 2015, respectively), and atrazine (59% in 2014). These results show that atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, and atrazine were selectives when applied in preemergence in elephant grass pasture.

Control and Competitiveness of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Labor Costs

Four field experiments conducted over 3 yr indicated that cultivation alone failed to prevent johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] from reaching densities that severely reduced yields of cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-2’). Density of johnsongrass in plots cultivated four times and hoed weekly for 8 weeks after emergence was reduced to 1 shoot/m2at harvest compared to 74 shoots/m2for plots that were only cultivated. In addition to a 60% average yield loss of seed cotton, yield losses ranging from 40 to 76%, ginning losses were also greater from cultivated than from hand-weeded plots. Compared to cultivated plots, supplementing cultivation with two postemergence applications of 3.0 kg/ha of DSMA (disodium methanearsonate) increased the average yield of cotton by 20% and reduced perennial johnsongrass densities by 64% at harvest. Although yields were improved by applying DSMA, they averaged 40% less than those of hand-weeded plots. The temporary weed control obtained with DSMA was profitable in terms of the additional lint and seed obtained, but insufficient cotton was produced to pay expenses for producing the crop by any of the methods of weed control. High labor costs for hoeing prevented this treatment from being profitable.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of Different Stubble Tillage Practices and Glyphosate Application Combined with the New Soil Residual Herbicide Cinmethylin against Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Miriam Hannah Messelhäuser ◽  
Marcus Saile ◽  
Bernd Sievernich ◽  
Roland Gerhards
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Effective control of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (blackgrass) solely with a chemical treatment is not guaranteed anymore because populations exhibit resistance to almost all herbicide modes of action. Integrated weed management (IWM) against blackgrass is necessary to maintain high weed control efficacies in winter cereals. Four field experiments were conducted in Southwest Germany from 2018 to 2020 to control A. myosuroides with a combination of cultural and chemical methods. Stubble treatments, including flat, deep and inversion soil tillage; false seedbed preparation and glyphosate use, were combined with the application of the new pre-emergence herbicide cinmethylin in two rates in winter wheat. Average densities of A. myosuroides in the untreated control plots were up to 505 plants m−2. The combination of different stubble management strategies and the pre-emergence herbicide cinmethylin controlled 86–97% of A. myosuroides plants at the low rate and 95–100% at the high rate until 120 days after sowing. The different stubble tillage practices varied in their efficacy between trials and years. Most effective and consistent were pre-sowing glyphosate application on the stubble and stale seedbed preparation with a disc harrow. Stubble treatments increased winter wheat density in the first year but had no effect on crop density in the second year. Pre-emergence application of cinmethylin did not reduce winter wheat densities. Multiple tactics of weed control, including stubble treatments and pre-emergence application of cinmethylin, provided higher and more consistent control of A. myosuroides. Integration of cultural weed management could prevent the herbicide resistance development.

Chemical Weed Control in Sweetpotatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
A. Vélez-Ramos ◽  
Abad Morales
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Treatment Application

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate herbicides for chemical weed control in sweetpotato plantings at the Isabela and Fortuna, Agricultural Experiment Substations, located in the northwestern humid and southern dry coasts of Puerto Rico, respectively. Pre-emergence herbicides were sprayed on Miguela sweetpotato cultivar two days after planting on weedfree soil. Weed control ratings taken eight weeks after treatment application showed effective control with the use of diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2- diphenylacetamide) alone or in combination with chloramben (3-amino-2,5- dichlorobenzoic acid) or DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate). There was no visible crop injury. There was no significant difference in tuber yields among herbicidal treatments at the two locations. Yields of herbicide-treated plots were comparable to those obtained from the handweeded control at Fortuna.

Postemergence Control of Annual Grasses and Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance Using DPX-79406

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Kevin Chandler ◽  
Monica J. Elmes ◽  
Stephen D. Murphy ◽  
Glenn W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Green Foxtail

DPX-79406 was evaluated for POST annual grass weed control in both controlled environment and field experiments. In controlled environment experiments, green foxtail was most susceptible to DPX-79406; whereas yellow foxtail was least susceptible of the species evaluated. DPX-79406 at 12 g/ha completely controlled six leaf black-seeded proso millet, yellow foxtail, green foxtail, and barnyardgrass. In the field, DPX-79406 at 3.0 to 25.0 g/ha effectively controlled annual grass weeds without injury to three- to six-leaf corn. There was more variation in the effectiveness of DPX-79406 applied in the field. Early POST applications provided less weed control than the late application, especially for barnyardgrass, because of weeds emerging after application. As a result, higher doses were sometimes needed for effective control. In weed-free field trials at two sites in 1990 and 1991, corn tolerated doses up to 75 g/ha of DPX-79406 applied at the three- to six-leaf growth stage. However, doses as low as 18.8 g/ha applied at the six- to nine-leaf growth stage reduced grain yield. In 1991, corn tillering increases and height and yield reductions were related linearly to the dose of DPX-79406 applied during later growth stages. DPX-79406 should be applied early POST in order to avoid crop injury while providing effective weed control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Four S-Triazine Herbicides for Early Weed Control in Grain Sorghum

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
Luis Almodóvar-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Four s-triazine herbicides were evaluated for weed control in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at the Lajas Research and Development Center farm in 1975. Preemergence herbicides were evaluated alone and in mixtures. The chemicals 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino) s-triazine [Atrazine] at 3.36 kg a.i./ha, 2-chloro-4, 6-bis (isopropylamino)-s-triazine [Propazine] at 4.48 kg a.i./ha, and the mixture of Atrazine plus 2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)- 6-(methylthio)-s-triazine [Terbutryn) at 1.68 kg a.i./ha each resulted in significant grain yields (P = 0.05) similar to the hand-weeded plots. Atrazine alone was efficient in controlling grass weeds, and when mixed with Terbutryn in controlling broadleaves. Although the hand-weeded check was the highest grain yielder of all treatments there was no statistical difference among handweeding and the herbicide treatments, Atrazine, Propazine, and Atrazine plus Terbutryn. Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense L.) was an aggressive competitor weed and could not be controlled effectively with the chemicals evaluated.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of reduced doses of flumioxazin herbicide at weed control in direct sow onions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Augusta Diniz Melo ◽  
Amanda Rocha Barbosa ◽  
Roque De Carvalho Dias ◽  
Gustavo Soares da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigues dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Alternative Management ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Bulb Yield

The recommended application of most herbicides in onion crops is after transplanting seedlings with four true leaves. In the direct sowing system, this recommendation is considered late; an alternative management is the application of reduced doses starting with a true leaf. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of reduced doses of flumioxazin in the early phenological stages of onions on bulb yield. Two field experiments were installed, and five doses of flumioxazin (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g ha-1) were applied in three phenological stages (1st, 2nd, and 1st+3rd true leaf); weed control was carried out. The results demonstrated the efficacy of reduced doses of flumioxazin on onion crop in the early stages. The dose of 20 g ha-1 showed use potential in the two experiments for the cvs. Perfecta and Sirius, enabling reductions of 77 to 88% of the commercial dose recommended for onions established with seedling transplanting. The application of flumioxazin in the 2nd leaf reduced commercial productivity and was ineffective in the control of weeds. The application in the 1st + 3rd leaf, despite being an effective control, caused greater phytotoxicity and, therefore, reduced commercial productivity. The best strategy for weed management is 20 g ha-1 flumioxazin applied to onion plants when they reach the true first leaf stage.

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