scholarly journals Creating a New Town koine: Children and language change in Milton Keynes

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL KERSWILL ◽  
ANN WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
New Town ◽  
The Social ◽  
Milton Keynes

Koineization – the development of a new, mixed variety following dialect contact – has well-documented outcomes. However, there have been few studies of the phenomenon actually in progress. This article describes the development of a new variety in the English New Town of Milton Keynes, designated in 1967. The article is structured around eight “principles” that relate the process of koineization to its outcomes. Recordings were made of 48 Milton Keynes-born children in three age groups (4, 8, and 12), the principal caregiver of each child, and several elderly locally born residents. Quantitative analysis of ten phonetic variables suggests that substantial but not complete focusing occurs in the child generation. The lack of linguistic continuity in the New Town is demonstrated, and the time scale of koineization there is discussed. Finally, it is shown that demography and the social-network characteristics of individuals are crucial to the outcomes of koineization.

scholarly journals Building a Trust Model for Social Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Rababah ◽  
Bassam Alqudah
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Student Trust

The revolution in information technology and the use of the internet changed the lifestyle of people. A major change was in the way of shopping. Companies started to offer their products online using social network s and people started to buy from the internet. Using social network has many benefits to the users starting from exploring a large variety of products to the very first way of ordering and the availability of the products 24 hours a day. One of the main problems that is found in using a social network is trusting the using social network social network s. the student concern about trusting to buy from the using social network social network s. Trust is a major concern for the merchant too; his concern is how to gain the student trust and to keep it. Many factors play a major role in acquiring the student trust in the online market. These factors rely on the social network characteristics such as design, interactivity and age and other factors vary from the social network quality, service quality, security policy of the social network, the privacy policy, the guarantee offered, the satisfaction of the user, the ease of use, the risk aversion and the culture factors. This study introduces the trusting affecting factors mentioned above and their effect on the trustworthiness factors (ability, benevolence, and integrity) a trust model has been built to show the relation between these factors and the trustworthiness factors.

scholarly journals Age sequences of the elderly’ social network and its efficacies on well-being: an urban-rural comparison in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Zheng ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Family Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background Although social network is a known determinant of the elderly’s well-being, it is not clear, in urban-rural and age-comparison, what its structural characteristics are and how it works for well-being. The research aims to discuss the features of the elderly’s social network and the social network efficacies on the well-being of older adults in China’s urban and rural areas as well as revealing the urban-rural disparities among the elderly of different age groups. Methods In this study, descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation Modeling (SEM) were used to make a group comparison between the urban and rural elderly of different age groups. All data are quoted from 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). The survey adopted the multi-stage probability sampling method, targeting Chinese senior citizens aged 60 and above, the ultimate samples totaled 11,511. Results The social network of the elderly in China feature a “reverse structure” in age sequences: with ageing, family network of the elderly expand while their friend network shrink; also, the expansion scale of the rural elderly’s family network is significantly larger than that of the city’s while the shrinkage scale of their friend network is smaller compared with its urban counterpart. The effect of family network on the rural elderly’s well-being shows a remarkable increase with age. However, there is no noticeable change in urban elderly groups of different ages. Conclusion The social network characteristics of the Chinese elderly are different between different age stages. Namely, the family network and the friend network have the “reverse structure “ in age sequences. Meanwhile, the family network and the friend network have different efficacies on the well-being of the elderly in China, and the differences between urban and rural areas are even more obvious. For rural elderly, family network has very important effects on their well-being. Moreover, With the increase of age, family network’s efficacies increase gradually. For urban elderly, comparatively, family network is just as important as friend network.

scholarly journals The social network characteristics of fibromyalgia patients compared with healthy controls

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulien H. Bolwijn ◽  
Herman M. J. Baars ◽  
Charles D. Kaplan ◽  
Marijke H. S. van Santen-Hoeufft ◽  
Sjef van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Social

Do Older Adults Have Social Lifestyles That Place Fewer Demands on Hearing?

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Wu ◽  
Ruth A. Bentler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
The Social

Background: Listening demand, or auditory lifestyle, is an important factor that needs to be considered when selecting a hearing aid and specific amplification features. Although elderly adults often report having fewer listening demands, auditory lifestyles of people in different age groups have not been objectively quantified and compared. Although it is assumed that the social lifestyles of older adults, e.g., retirement, place fewer demands on hearing, this assumption has not been examined empirically. Purpose: The purposes of the current study were to (1) objectively characterize and compare the auditory lifestyle of younger and older adults with hearing impairment and (2) examine the relationships between age, social lifestyle, and auditory lifestyle. Research Design: This is a nonexperimental study using a correlational design. Study Sample: Twenty-seven adults with bilateral hearing impairment aged 40–88 yr were recruited and served as subjects. Data Collection and Analysis: To objectively quantify auditory lifestyle, participants carried noise dosimeters to measure sound levels in their daily lives for 1 wk. To help interpret the dosimeter data, participants used paper-and-pencil journals to describe their listening activities and environments. The auditory lifestyle was also subjectively quantified by the Auditory Lifestyle and Demand Questionnaire (ALDQ). Three self-report inventories were used to characterize participants' social lifestyles: Social Network Index, Welin Activity Scale, and Social Convoy Questionnaire. Results: A total of 1,267 journal entries covering 2,032 hr of dosimeter recordings were obtained from participants for analyses. Although younger and older participants reported spending comparable time in a given category of listening event, the dosimeter-measured sound level was higher for younger listeners. For auditory lifestyle quantified by dosimeter, correlation analyses revealed that older age was associated with lower Social Network Index scores (smaller social networks) and fewer listening demands. Regression models further indicated that the Social Network Index score more accurately predicted listening demand than age. Finally, path analysis suggested that the effect of age on listening demand was mediated by the Social Network Index score. Self-report auditory lifestyle measured by the ALDQ was not associated with age and social lifestyle. Conclusions: The results indicate that older listeners tend to encounter quieter listening situations than younger listeners. The data are also consistent with the hypothesis that older adults have less active social lifestyles that place fewer demands on hearing. Therefore, the current study suggests the important role of social lifestyle in listening demand and the need to consider this factor in clinical management of hearing loss.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN JAZZ

2003 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO M. GLEISER ◽  
LEON DANON
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Community Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Different Levels

Using a database of jazz recordings we study the collaboration network of jazz musicians. We define the network at two different levels. First we study the collaboration network between individuals, where two musicians are connected if they have played in the same band. Then we consider the collaboration between bands, where two bands are connected if they have a musician in common. The community structure analysis reveals that these constructions capture essential ingredients of the social interactions between jazz musicians. We observe correlations between recording locations, racial segregation and the community structure. A quantitative analysis of the community size distribution reveals a surprising similarity with an e-mail based social network recently studied.

scholarly journals “Carrefour Louisiane”

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Cajun French ◽  
Louisiana French ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Behavior

The history of Louisiana French (LF) is closely related to Louisiana’s particular societal and linguistic ecosystem, characterized by a mixed society where new forms of societal organization emerged and were reflected in new forms of linguistic patterns and linguistic behavior. From the beginning, language contact has been of crucial importance for the emergence, evolution and gradual decline of Louisiana French (“Cajun French”). In colonial times, contact between related French lects resulted in the formation of a new variety of regional French in North America with its own features and its own evolutionary dynamics. The continuing contact with English, however, which takes place in an entirely different ecological frame, results in the ongoing attrition of the minority language. The first part of the article deals with early stages of dialect contact in Louisiana; it will be shown that from a diachronic point of view Louisiana French has to be seen as a product of language mixing and dialect leveling. In the second part two specific aspects of current English-French language contact will be discussed. Both aspects serve to illustrate particularities of the linguistic situation in Louisiana now and then as well as the importance of certain universal mechanisms of contact-induced language change.

scholarly journals Modelling the dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 on a dynamic network graph

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bryant ◽  
Arne Elofsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epidemic Development ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundWhen modelling the dispersion of an epidemic using R0, one only considers the average number of individuals each infected individual will infect. However, we know from extensive studies of social networks that there is significant variation in the number of connections and thus social contacts each individual has. Individuals with more social contacts are more likely to attract and spread infection. These individuals are likely the drivers of the epidemic, so-called superspreaders. When many superspreaders are immune, it becomes more difficult for the disease to spread, as the connectedness of the social network dramatically decreases. If one assumes all individuals being equally connected and thus as likely to spread disease as in a SIR model, this is not true.MethodsTo account for the impact of social network structure on epidemic development, we model the dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 on a dynamic preferential attachment graph which changes appearance proportional to observed mobility changes. We sample a serial interval distribution that determines the probability of dispersion for all infected nodes each day. We model the dispersion in different age groups using age-specific infection fatality rates. We vary the infection probabilities in different age groups and analyse the outcome.ResultsThe impact of movement on network dynamics plays a crucial role in the spread of infections. We find that higher movement results in higher spread due to an increased probability of new connections being made within a social network. We show that saturation in the dispersion can be reached much earlier on a preferential attachment graph compared to spread on a random graph, which is more similar to estimations using R0.ConclusionsWe provide a novel method for modelling epidemics by using a dynamic network structure related to observed mobility changes. The social network structure plays a crucial role in epidemic development, something that is often overlooked.

scholarly journals The Social Support and Social Network Characteristics of Smokers in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Alejandro de Dios ◽  
Cassandra A. Stanton ◽  
Celeste M. Caviness ◽  
Raymond Niaura ◽  
Michael Stein
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Social

Modeling the speech community: Configuration and variable types in the Mexican Spanish setting

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Santa Ana ◽  
Claudia Parodi
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Contact Dynamics ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Local Configuration ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a comprehensive model of the SPEECH COMMUNITY in sociolinguistics that reworks Labov's model, which has been criticized as being restrictive. Fieldork in non-metropolitan Mexico demonstrates the utility of our model, which can be applied across both urban and non-urban domains. It is compatible with the Milroys' central mechanism for the description of individual speech usage and group cohesion or susceptibility to change in terms of the social network. Based on linguistic variable types, this model has a hierarchy of four nested fields (speech community configurations) into which each individual is placed, according to his/her demonstrated recognition of the social evaluation associated with the variables. At the most local configuration, speakers demonstrate no knowledge of generally stigmatized variables; in the second, speakers register an awareness of stigmatized variables; in the third, an awareness of stigmatized and regional variables; and in the fourth, speakers model standard variants over regional ones. This model classifies the kinds of sociolinguistic variables that are pertinent in this social setting and also provides a structured manner for dealing with dialect contact dynamics. (Speech community, social network, Spanish, Mexico, dialect, diffusion, variables.)

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