An Unusual Roman Fettered Burial from Great Casterton, Rutland

Britannia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Chris Chinnock ◽  
Michael Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Human Skeleton ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Construction Works

ABSTRACT In 2015, an unusual burial was uncovered during construction works at Great Casterton, Rutland. A male adult human skeleton, secured at the ankles with a pair of iron fetters and a padlock, was buried in a probable ditch. Iron hobnails were present around the feet of the individual. A radiocarbon date (AMS) from the burial produced a date of a.d. 226–427 with 95.4 per cent probability. This example appears to be the first definitive archaeologically excavated instance of an individual buried in this manner in Roman Britain. The character of the burial may imply that this was a slave, although other possibilities are also considered, as are the wider social and symbolic implications of the inclusion of shackles in a burial.

scholarly journals On the comparative osteological forms in the adult euro­pean male and female of the human species

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 207-207
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Human Skeleton ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

With a view to the future investigation of the osteological developement of the human race, the author gives, in the present paper, the results of a great number of measurements, which he has very carefully made, of the dimensions of the different bones composing the adult human skeleton. The male bones examined were those in the collection of Dr. Monro 3 the female bones were furnished by Dr. Hamilton. The author was anxious to fix on some one dimen­sion in the skeleton which might be taken as the standard of all the measurements: and finding that no bone of the trunk or limbs pos­sessed the requisite characters for that purpose, he sought for it in the cranium; and the result of an extensive series of observations led him to adopt as the standard of measure the distance between the prolongations of the zygomatic ridges, immediately over the meatus auditorius externus, as being that dimension which was less liable to variation than any other of the human cranium. This line he deno­minates the auricular transverse ; and, adopting a scale of which the unit is the 14th part of this line, being generally about the third of an inch, he states at length, in multiples of this unit, the dimensions, in different directions, of almost every bone in the skeleton; noting more especially the differences that occur in those of the two sexes. Of these measurements, which are given in much detail, and in many instances arranged in a tabular form, it is impossible to give any abridgement. The conclusion he deduces from his inquiry is, that every bone in the body exhibits certain modifications, according to the sex of the individual.

scholarly journals Sexual Interference Behaviors in Male Adult and Subadult Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Kui-Hai Pang ◽  
Amanda K. Rowe ◽  
Lori K. Sheeran ◽  
Dong-Po Xia ◽  
Lixing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Macaca Thibetana ◽  
Subadult Male ◽  
Sexual Competition ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Sexual Interference ◽  
The Individual

Male nonhuman primate sexual interference, which includes copulation interruption and copulation harassment, has been related to reproductive success, but its significance has been challenging to test. Copulation interruption results in the termination of a copulation before ejaculation, whereas copulation harassment does not. We conducted this study using the all-occurrence behavior sampling method on sexual interference behaviors of seven adult and four subadult male Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in mating and non-mating seasons at Mt. Huangshan, China, from August 2016 to May 2017. Our results showed that males’ individual proportion of copulation interruption and harassment was higher during the mating season than during the non-mating season. In addition, dominant males more often performed interruption, whereas subordinate males more often performed harassment. We found no difference in the individual proportion of copulation interruption or harassment between adult and subadult males. Adult and subadult males both directed copulation interruption and harassment more often toward the mating male than toward the mating female. Lastly, the post-ejaculation phase of copulation was shorter when copulation harassment occurred than when it did not. Our results suggest that sexual interference may be an important mating tactic that adult and subadult males use in male–male sexual competition.

‘By Small Things Revealed’

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Millett
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Things

The study of rural settlement in Roman Britain is undergoing a period of re-evaluation and change. In the past, work has focused on the individual study sites, especially villas. Now there is an increasing interest in the exploitation of whole landscapes, with an emphasis on the people who lived in them and the ways that they exploited the resources available to them. These trends are reviewed, and a case study is presented based on the author’s fieldwork in East Yorkshire. Given that the bulk of the population of Roman Britain lived in the countryside, emphasis is placed on understanding the active role of these people in creating the culture of Roman Britain.

Transmission and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Infrared Spectra of Bone and Collagen

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Furedi ◽  
A. G. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Fair Agreement ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Phosphate Absorption ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Individual

Transmission and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra of collagen and normal, adult human bone have been compared with literature data and band assignments for bone spectra are given. Except for slight shifts in some absorption bands (the amide I band at 1650 cm−1 and some of the phosphate absorption bands), most frequencies of both spectra are in fair agreement with previously reported values for the individual components. An improvement in resolution of some protein bands was achieved with the ATR technique.

FASH and MASH: female and male adult human phantoms based on polygon mesh surfaces: II. Dosimetric calculations

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kramer ◽  
V F Cassola ◽  
H J Khoury ◽  
J W Vieira ◽  
V J de Melo Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Adult ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Polygon Mesh

scholarly journals REGES, REGULI, DUCES: SOME REMARKS ON THE INDIVIDUAL AND POWER IN LATE IRON AGE PRE-ROMAN BRITAIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
ANTON BARYSHNIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
The Individual

The paper considers one of the most significant changes in late pre-Roman Iron Age in Britain—the emergence of individual power, usually labeled as kingship. The modern perception of this sociopolitical phenomenon has been largely determined according to texts from Greek and Roman authors. This paper argues that this image is distorted and says more about the ancient writers than it does about ancient political leaders, their status, or the essence of their power. Avoiding terms like king to prevent a general misunderstanding of the phenomenon is reasonable; nevertheless, coins from so-called dynasties and tribes as well as other material sources show the emergence of individual power from the first century B.C.E. to the first century C.E. This new phenomenon should be analyzed with new (and re-worked) theoretical frameworks. Additionally, comparative studies can play a significant role in exploring the nature of what is referred to as Iron Age kingship in Britain.

FASH and MASH: female and male adult human phantoms based on polygon mesh surfaces: I. Development of the anatomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
V F Cassola ◽  
V J de Melo Lima ◽  
R Kramer ◽  
H J Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Male Adult ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Polygon Mesh

Study of glenoid and humerus head version in adult human skeleton

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepali Rajesh Kate ◽  
Ajay Chandanwale ◽  
BH Bahetee
Keyword(s):  
Human Skeleton ◽  
Adult Human

Electron absorbed fractions of energy andS-values in an adult human skeleton based on µCT images of trabecular bone

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kramer ◽  
R B Richardson ◽  
V F Cassola ◽  
J W Vieira ◽  
H J Khoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Human Skeleton ◽  
Adult Human

scholarly journals On a fossil human skeleton from guadaloupe. By Charles König, Esq. F. R. S. In a letter addressed to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K. B. P. R. S

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 487-489
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Human Skeleton ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Characteristic Part

The skeleton described in this letter was contained in a mass of stone nearly two tons in weight, brought home by Sir Alexander Cochrane, and presented by the Admiralty to the British Museum. The existence of such skeletons had been mentioned by General Emouf, in a letter to Faujas St. Fond, published in the fifth volume of the Annales du Museum ; and also by Lavaisse, in his Voyage á la Trinidad . The block brought home by Sir Alexander Cochrane agreed very correctly with the description given by General Ernouf, mea­suring 8 feet by 2½ , having very much the appearance of a huge nodule separated from a surrounding mass, without any marks of a tool, excepting a few holes that had evidently been made to assist in raising it. The situation of the skeleton in the block was so super­ficial, that it had probably been discovered by the projection of a part of the left fore-arm. Nevertheless, the operation of laying the whole open to view, with all the care that was requisite for its preservation, was attended with very considerable difficulty, on account of the ex­cessive hardness of the stone adjacent to the bones, and the compa­rative softness of the bones themselves. Unfortunately the skull is wanting; and the author, with much reason, regrets the loss of this characteristic part, which by its form might have thrown some light on the period when it was deposited, or at least as to the nation to whom the individual belonged. The vertebræ of the neck are also lost along with the head; the thorax bears marks of violent compression. The seven ribs of the left side are complete, but dislocated. Those of the right side are all broken; and their extremities are found on the left side of the spine. Such parts of the arms and legs as remain, are found in their natural po­sition; but many are entirely wanting, and most are broken, or otherwise imperfect.

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