On a Method of Calculating the Present Values of Prospective Pensions Based on Salary, and the Expected Amounts of the Future Pension Payments

1913 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
James John M'Lauchlan
Keyword(s):  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mortality Table ◽  
Pension Payments ◽  
Made In

The method of calculating the values of prospective pensions which I am about to describe differs in some respects from those given in the standard papers on the subject, and will be found, I think, to possess advantages of its own. I shall deal with its application to the case of pensions based on salaries, when the amount of the pension is a uniform percentage of salary for each year of service taken account of.I have followed Mr. Manly in the use of the following symbols (see his paper of 1901—J.I.A. xxxvi, 209), namely, lx to denote the number living and remaining on the active list at age x as given in the Service Table, and Dx and Nx to correspond; rx to denote the number retiring from failure of health between ages x and x + 1, sx to denote the salary receivable between ages x and x + 1, and Dsx to denote Dx X sx. When however lx, Dx, Nx, or Dsx have a circumflex accent, these symbols have the ordinary meanings, and the functions are based respectively on the Pensioners Mortality Table. I have found it necessary to employ also a certain number of new symbols which are described in the Key to the Special Notation (see pp. 31, 32). I have also followed Mr. Manly in the assumptions made in the paper mentioned above, that the retirements or superannuations applicable to any year of age take place at the end of the year, and that the pension commences at the same time and is payable yearly thereafter.

Methodology for the design of a standard research protocol for measuring terminology usage

Terminology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Quirion
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Research Protocol ◽  
Statistical Sampling ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

Many states have undertaken language and terminology planning programmes and have reached the point where they must evaluate the progress realized up to the present time. In the case of terminology planning programmes, such an evaluation requires a method to measure the degree to which the terminology has been implanted. In this paper, a research protocol for measuring terminology implantation is presented; this protocol is based on institutional communications. First, a critical examination of prior research on the subject is made in order to identify the desired characteristics of a precise, scientific measurement protocol. It is an accepted postulate that the constitution of a representative corpus forms the basis of a solution. Statistical sampling methods have been adapted in order to design a measurement protocol that respects the above conditions. The paper concludes with an overview of the results of a terminology implantation survey carried out using the research protocol presented; the survey concerns transportation terminology. This overview is followed by a brief discussion of the future possibilities offered by the scientific measurement of terminology implantation.

Speeds of Commercial Aeroplanes

1935 ◽  
Vol 39 (291) ◽  
pp. 191-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Breguet
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Aeronautical Science ◽  
Made In

It is a great honour for me to address the members of the oldest learned society devoted to aeronautics, the Royal Aeronautical Society, which was founded in 1866—six years before the Société Francaise de Navigation Aérienne of France was founded for the same purpose.The choice of a subject nowadays is a difficult matter; great progress has been made in aeronautical science—numerous research workers all over the world are endeavouring to solve the outstanding problems—and the reason I decided to take for my lecture the subject of the maximum speeds of commercial aeroplanes was that it appears to me to be a matter of the utmost importance for the future of commercial aeronautics and for linking up the different peoples of the globe.

The Royal Barrows at Jelling Excavations made in 1941, 1942 and 1947, and finds and findings resulting therefrom

Antiquity ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 22 (88) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Ejnar Dyggve
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The State ◽  
National Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Employment ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
Made In

In line with other endeavours expressive of the spirit of self-assertion aroused in the Danish people at the occupation of Denmark by foreign troops during World War II, the Danish National Museum, subsidized by the State Employment Department and the Carlsberg Foundation, undertook a series of thorough and methodical excavations of the two famous Royal Barrows at Jelling in East Jutland (FIG. I), dating from the middle of the 10th century A.D.Earlier excavations here, in 1821 and 1861 (1), had been inconclusive. Ample room still remained for hypotheses and suggestions, and divergent views gradually produced quite a literature on the subject (2). Through the recent examination, the most extensive excavations of their kind in Scandinavia, of the southern barrow, the so-called King Gorm Mound, excavated in 1941, and the northern barrow, the so-called Queen Tyre Mound, in 1942 (3), it became possible to eliminate several doubtful points which had confronted people interested in history for more than a hundred years. At the same time, a solid foundation was laid for the future understanding of the Jelling monuments—the barrows and the runestones—the most significant in Danish history, because they bear witness to the kings who united the smaller Danish Kingdoms into one realm (4).

The Inclusion in Life Contracts of Sickness and Accident Benefits

1928 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
L. M. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Disability Insurance ◽  
Disability Benefits ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Recent Growth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sickness Benefits ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

The subject of Disability and Sickness benefits in conjunction with Life Assurance is of recent growth. The only occasions when the Members of the Institute have had the matter before them appears to have been in 1911 when a paper was read by W. C. Fielder before this Society, and in 1924 when a discussion took place at one of the General Meetings of the Institute.The immense strides that have been made in America in the last five years, and the latent interest aroused in this country, as reflected by the amount which has been written in Insurance publications will, I hope, justify a discussion of the subject once more.It will not be out of place to quote the following from a recent number of The Review:“The attitude of British Actuaries on this question (Sickness and Disability benefits) is perhaps best described as one of neutrality. Were circumstances to force them to a decision for, or against, it would seem probable that many would be antagonistic. In the meantime, so long as they are not forced into open hostility they are prepared to ignore the business as much as possible. This is, of course, no more than an impression gathered from conversations here and there, and odds and ends of information that have come to hand from time to time. We imagine, however, that it comes fairly near to being an accurate statement of the case. If that be so then we can but regret it. The value of Disability Insurance to the public is so great, the amount of suffering it could eliminate so large that were Actuaries busily engaged in searching for the means of making it universally available the middle classes might look to the future with greater confidence.”

The Youth Language as Witness of Changes in Albania after ‘90s

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Entela Shingjergji Kazazi
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Youth Language ◽  
Made In

Language is a communication and expression tool which at any time and in any society is presented in different versions in dependence of many factors. In sociolinguistic viewpoint when we investigate the links between language and social context, is noted that the language is very diverse, changes in time, in space, in different classes or social strata and in concrete situations. This paper aims to present a comparative view between youth slang, namely the vocabulary used by them in Albania before the 90s with the one after '90s. We tried to argue that the language is made in certain circumstances, especially under the pressure of factors out-linguistic, witness or mirror of the social mentalities. However, this is a superficial treatment, which will be the subject of a more detailed research in the future.

‘Theatre of the Future’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fair
Keyword(s):  
Stage Design ◽  
National Theatre ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

This chapter touches on three main themes: the first is the increasingly collaborative nature of auditorium and stage design; the second is the extent to which auditorium and stage design could be understood in ‘modern’ terms; and the third is the extent to which the relationship between the stage and the auditorium was often the subject of debate. The chapter begins with a discussion of the collaborative nature of stage and auditorium design, before examining the arguments made in favour of open staging, not least by the director Stephen Joseph, who edited several books on the subject. It then considers the impact of these debates on the design of key examples including Chichester Festival Theatre, the Young Vic, the National Theatre, and the Crucible, Sheffield. It ends with a discussion of flexible staging, highlighting the challenges posed by adaptability as well as examples in which it was explored.

When is a sale made “in the course of a business”?

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-293
Author(s):  
L.S. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Court Of Appeal ◽  
Made In

IN the days (not so long ago) when there were typewriters in solicitors' offices, there was much speculation whether the sale by a solicitor of a typewriter which was no longer required would be caught by the provisions in section 14 of the Sale of Goods Act that impose conditions as to quality and fitness upon a “business” seller. There was no real room for doubt so far as the original Act of 1893 was concerned, where the relevant subsections referred to goods “of a description which it is in the course of the seller's business to supply” (s. 14(1)) and to “a seller who deals in goods of that description” (s. 14(2)). Plainly, our solicitor was not within either subsection. But when section 14 was revised (and subsection (1) confusingly renumbered so that it became subsection (3)), these formulae were discarded and replaced by the wording: “Where the seller sells goods in the course of a business”–which is plainly wider. This reform was introduced by the Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973 and later consolidated into the Sale of Goods Act 1979 that is currently in force. Remarkably, the scope of the new provision has not been the subject of any judicial consideration for over two decades; but the Court of Appeal has now given a firm ruling in Stevenson v. Rogers [1999] 1 All E.R. 613, with the consequence that any redundant typewriters disposed of by solicitors in the future will be deemed sold “in the course of a business”.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

Penerapan Konsep Kota Pintar dengan Cara Penerapan ERP (Electronic Road Price) di Jalan Ibu Kota DKI Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arman Syah Putra
Keyword(s):  
Erp System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Price ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Made In

The problem raised in this research is the implementation of ERP (Electronic Road Price) which will be applied in several street corners of the capital of Jakarta, many pros and cons that will occur in its application, ranging from its licensing to its application in the field, socialization to users the road in the capital is very important to do because it will directly intersect with motorized motorists in the capital of Jakarta, in its application also must be considered using what tools are best placed in every corner of the capital to help smooth the system to be applied, in this research the author will provide suggestions and frameworks so that the implementation of the ERP system (Electronic Road Price) can be carried out right away, with the suggestions that have been made are expected to influence the policies that will be made in terms of ERP (Electronic Road Price) in the future.

INVESTIGATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GRAIN RECEIVING FROM RAILWAY TO THE GRAIN TRANSSHIPMENT TERMINAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
G. Stankevych ◽  
L. Dmytrenko ◽  
A. Kats ◽  
V. Shpak
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
The Future ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sown Area

In the future, in Ukraine it is planned to increase the sown area for cereals, legumes and oilseeds, to increase the gross grain harvest to 80 million tons, and its export abroad was increased twice. Intensive construction in the southern ports of Ukraine of grain transshipment terminals with large metal silos will solve the problem of increasing grain export in the future. At these powerful terminals, the bulk of the grain comes mainly by rail, and is shipped to water. The aim of the work was to study the characteristics of the grain receiving from railway transport to the grain transshipment terminal of LLC “Ukrelevatorprom” in order to improve its works efficiency. The object of the study was the development of technology of grain receiving at the grain transshipment terminal; the subject of research is cereals, legume sand oil crops, as well as data from daily volumes of receiving and dispensing operations at the grain transshipment terminal of LLC “Ukrelevatorprom” for 2015-2016. The studies were carried out on the basis of processing data from the consignment notes for 2015-2016, according to which there was a summed amount of grain (net) daily transported by the railway. Further processing of the obtained data was carried out by a combined graphoanalytical method, for which, on the basis of tabular values for each studied year, the corresponding histograms and graphs were built and the necessary indicators were determined. Analysis of the structure of grain crops supplied by railway to LLC “Ukrelevatorprom” in 2015 and 2016 and their ratio showed that the main share was occupied by cereal crops (78.0 % and 73.1 % respectively), which were mainly represented by corn, share which was significantly dominated by other crops (wheat of various classes and barley) and amounted to 45.8 % and 44.5 %, respectively, which can be explained by its high demand in the international grain market, in which Ukraine occupies a leading position. Oilseeds (rapeseed) were taken in accordance with 19.1 % and 14.9 %, and legumes (soybeans) — 2.9 % and 12.0 %. An analysis of the timing of the unloading of grain wagons (hopper cars) showed that the total duration of this process, depending on the crops, averages 37...59 minutes. The longest steps for unloading wagons are to determine the grain quality indicators, especially rapeseed, and to spill grain from the wagons, therefore, to reduce their duration, it is necessary to form feeds of wagons with grain batches of the same quality and use more modern express analyzers to determine grain quality indicators, which will increase the productivity of the grain receiving line from the railway. According to the research results, the enterprise has the potential to increase by about 30 % the volume of grain intake. It was established that the periods of the grain receipt at the enterprise in 2015-2016 amounted to 349 and 353 days, respectively, the actual coefficients of the daily irregularity Kdaily for the grain receipt from the railway in these years are equal to 1.47 and 1.52, and the monthly irregularity Kmonth, respectively 1.33 and 1.21, does not exceed the standard values Kdaily = 2.5 and Kmonth= 2.0. This made it possible to clarify the database from the actual characteristics of the process of grain receiving by railway and can be used in design and verification calculations of equipment in technological lines for receiving grain from railway transport, and will contribute to increasing the efficiency of grain transshipment terminals. 

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