Pension provision issues: The Perm Krai case study

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the optimization of the pension system. Objectives. The article aims to assess the standard of pension provision of the population of the Perm Krai and justify the areas to improve the Krai's socio-economic development. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization. Results. The article assesses the standard of pension provision and justifies the need to increase it to improve the socio-economic living conditions of the population of the Perm Krai. As the main problem, the article identifies the loss of purchasing power of pension payments in conditions of inflation. Conclusions. The identified problems of pension provision of the population of the Perm Krai as a whole correlate with the all-Russian practice, and they are a manifestation of an unreasonable strategy for the pension system's development and the specifics of the economy under conditions of inflation.

How Does Mortality Contribute to Lifetime Pension Inequality? Evidence From Five Decades of Swedish Taxation Data

As with many social transfer schemes, pension systems around the world are often progressive: individuals with lower incomes receive a higher percentage of their income as a subsequent pension. On the other hand, it is well known that those with lower earnings have higher mortality and thus accumulate fewer years of pension income. These opposite factors, therefore, both contribute to the progressiveness of a given pension system. Thus far, empirical research efforts to disentangle the effects of mortality inequality on lifetime pension income have been scarce. To close this gap, we use Swedish taxation data linked with death registers from 1970 to 2018 to study how education and pre-retirement earnings relate to lifetime pension income from age 60 onwards, as well as how inequalities in mortality between groups contribute to overall inequalities in lifetime pension income. The results show that both a progressive replacement structure and mortality differentials contribute to the overall distribution of life-course pension payments. A substantial proportion of the total inequality in lifetime pensions can be attributed to the fact that socially advantaged groups live longer, and this is particularly true for men. Mortality differences can explain up to 28% of the lifetime pension benefits between socioeconomic groups. We conclude that inequalities in mortality play an important part in determining the overall degree of between-group income transfers in a pension system.

MEKANISME PEMBERIAN PROGRAM JAMINAN KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA NASABAH PT. ASABRI PERSERO CABANG PALEMBANG

Insurance is one of the financial instruments which is an important part in smoothing the nets of a nation's development. Currently, insurance has entered a global scale competition. PT. ASABRI (Persero) is a state-owned company engaged in special insurance for the TNI, members of POLRI and PNS DEPHAN / POLRI whose task is to improve the welfare of state apparatus through insurance and pension payments. The existence of ASABRI stems from the problem of differences in military characteristics for the participation of TNI Soldiers, Polri Members, and the Ministry of Defense / Polri PNS (there is no PPPK) which was originally a participant in Taspen (Savings Fund and Civil Servant Insurance) which was formed on April 17, 1963 based on a Government Regulation Number 15 of 1963. To facilitate insurance management for military participants, based on the idea of the Indonesian Armed Forces (APRI) in this case the Army and the approval of the Minister of Revenue, Financing and Supervision Affairs and the General Governing Body of PN Taspen.

Das Ineinandergreifen von Zulagenförderung und Sonderausgabenabzug des Riester-Kombimodells im Lichte einer „Quasi-Doppelbesteuerung“

Zusammenfassung In der zulagengeförderten Altersvorsorge (sog. Riester-Rente) wurde eine staatliche Förderung im progressionsabhängigen und -unabhängigen Kombimodell verankert. Steuerentlastungen, die den höchstmöglichen Zulagenanspruch übersteigen, werden dem Steuerpflichtigen im Rahmen seiner Einkommensteuererklärung angerechnet oder erstattet. Hieraus folgt eine implizite Pflicht zur Ausübung des Wahlrechts auf Beantragung der Altersvorsorgezulage. Handelt der Vorsorgende dieser zuwider, kann sich intertemporal eine steuerliche Mehrbelastung einstellen, da selbst eine marginale steuerliche Förderung von Beiträgen in der Anwartschaftsphase eine vollständige nachgelagerte Besteuerung in der Leistungsphase auslöst. Ein Vorsorgender liefe in diesem Fall Gefahr mit seinen Rentenleistungen einem Risiko der „Quasi-Doppelbesteuerung“ zu unterliegen. Dieses Risiko gilt es vonseiten des Gesetzgebers zu eliminieren. Abstract: The Intertwining of Allowance and Special Expenses Deduction of the Riester Hybrid Model in Light of a “Quasi Double Taxation” In the German subsidised pension scheme (so-called Riester pension), a state subsidy has been implemented in a progressive and non-progressive hybrid model. Tax reliefs exceeding the maximum allowance entitlement will be taken into account or reimbursed as part of the taxpayer’s income tax return. As a ­result, the taxpayer is implicitly obliged to exercise the option to apply for the Riester allowance. In case he fails to do so, he has to face the risk of an intertemporal additional tax burden, since even the slightest of subsidisations in the entitlement period leads to full liability for deferred taxation in the pension period. This case bears the risk of pension payments being subject to a “quasi double taxation”. It is necessary for the legislation to eliminate this risk.

The Pension System in Ukraine – Some Aspects of Reforming

This publication is aimed at studying the processes and defining the main problems in reforming the pension system of Ukraine. The article analyzes the state of functioning and development of three levels of pension provision at the present stage of socio-economic development of the country. It is determined that only level 1 actually works in Ukraine – the solidarity system of compulsory State-controlled pension insurance, while the mandatory accumulation system has not acquired its development, and the voluntary accumulation system has an extremely low share in the general pension system. Some financial results of the Pension Fund of Ukraine for 2020 and the approved budget for 2021 are analyzed. Substantiated conclusions have been drawn about the problems of the solidarity system, such as: the existing budget deficit of the Fund, which leads to the formation of its debts; low, socially unadapted level of pensions; disparities in the size of pensions assigned in different years. The rating of currently operating non-State pension funds of Ukraine (the third level of pension provision) are analyzed according to the criteria of asset value, number of participants, amounts of pension payments and profitability, as well as the dynamics of some basic indicators of their activity. It is determined that the functioning of the non-State pension system in the country is hampered, in particular, for psychological reasons due to the population’s distrust of non-State institutions. Since the second level of pension provision – the mandatory accumulation system – has not yet started working in the country and taking into account the problems of the first and third levels, a reasonable conclusion has been made on the inhibition of the pension reform in Ukraine and the need to intensify the work on the implementation of all three levels of pension provision in order to achieve a sufficient level of social protection of citizens.

Empirical pension indicators: Cross-country comparisons and methodology for Russia

The article proposes a system of empirical indicators for Russia, taking into account the analysis of foreign and Russian approaches to assessing the adequacy of the level of pension provision. One group of the indicators, designed for crosscountry comparisons, is based on the methodology of the European Commission. The results of calculations of the proposed indicators on Russian data are presented, which made it possible to compare the level of pensions in Russia and European Union countries. The article defines the limitations of indicators for cross-country comparisons in terms of assessing the level of pension payments within the Russian system of compulsory pension insurance. For more adequate assessment of the adequacy of payments, the second group of indicators was developed that take into account the particularities of the Russian pension system. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach to the assessment of empirical indicators is that they are focused primarily on assessing the adequacy of the actual pension payments in terms of fulfilling the functions assigned to them - protection from poverty, compensation (replacement) of wages and ensuring the balance of income. The authors propose to evaluate these indicators not only on the data of population surveys, as is most common in foreign practice, but also on the administrative data of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

Pension support of police officers in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and information sources on the pension provision of employees of the national police of Ukraine and other countries. The author notes that the pension provision of police officers and the population in general is very important in our country, that their proper provision is regulated by primary and secondary legislation, in particular articles of the Law of Ukraine "On National Police", the Law of Ukraine "On pensions of persons discharged services, and some other persons. " The level of the minimum subsistence level plays a key role in assigning pensions to Ukrainian police officers. It is from the size of this indicator, according to the law, that the minimum pension payments to these employees are determined. At the present stage, it is necessary to review the entire pension system of citizens and especially police officers. The author proposes changes to the pension legislation, which are designed to improve the social security of police officers.

Implementing of the right to pension by internally displaced persons: discriminative sources

Introduction. The paper establishes that in connection with the conduct of military operations by our state in the east of Ukraine over the past six years, the emergence of a new administrative and legal status of persons-internally displaced persons – is predetermined. It is determined that such persons need enhanced protection and ensuring the exercise of their rights and freedoms from the state, which in practice causes certain difficulties. The special value of social protection of citizens, including the implementation of pension payments to internally displaced persons, is justified. Purpose: substantiation of proposals to improve the conditions for the provision of administrative services for the renewal and continuation of the payment of IDP pensions and the procedure for making pension payments to IDPs. Results. The paper analyzes the specifics of providing administrative services to internally displaced persons in the field of pension provision. This publication examines and analyzes the legislation and practical experience of implementing the right to a pension by internally displaced persons, provides legal conclusions on the state of respect for the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons when they receive administrative services in the field of pension provision. The problem of creating unequal conditions for persons with the status of Internally displaced persons and persons without such status in the exercise of the right to a pension is revealed, which causes discrimination against internally displaced persons, contradicts constitutional principles and international acts. The necessity of repealing a rules that contradicts the law and establishes discriminatory provisions against persons with the status of Internally displaced persons is justified. The proposals of amendments to the legislation regarding new conditions for providing public services related to the appointment/recalculation of pensions to internally displaced persons without reference to the place of residence of such persons and changes in the procedure for maintaining a unified information and analytical system for managing social support for the population of Ukraine. Conclusion. The results obtained will ensure that there is no need to control the implementation of payments at the place of residence of internally displaced persons, and in the existence of a separate procedure for paying pensions to internally displaced persons and, most importantly, it will stop discrimination against persons with the administrative and legal status of an internally displaced person in comparison with persons without such status.

Selling Names

This chapter focuses on pension payments to the families of martyrs and explores the ways in which resources have been marshalled to address the ‘material dimension’ of state recognition. It describes the complexities of this task, including the state’s role in arbitrating whether a person who died in the conflict should be recognised as a ‘martyr’ and thus eligible for state support, and details the ways in which actors have grounded claims for material support. These distinctive discourses involve the mobilisation of the dead and their suffering to create material state obligations to the living. The final section takes a deeper look at the controversy around ‘selling names’, whereby the names of martyrs have taken on material value.