Advances in an Event-Based Spatiotemporal Data Modeling

Spatiotemporal data are vitally important for the national economy and defense modernization since it is not only an important component of human society and geographical information of the environment but also a key carrier of spatiotemporal information. An event-based spatiotemporal data model and its improvements are employed to model spatiotemporal objects, change history, and change relation, which is the main approach to resolve the spatiotemporal change modeling and has been comprehensively developed in modeling theory and applications. This manuscript studies the event-based spatiotemporal data modeling theory based on three aspects of the cognitive theory, which are the spatiotemporal object, the concept of the spatiotemporal dynamic object, and the spatiotemporal object relationship. Then, the implementation characteristics of the models were analyzed regarding the management of cadastral information, analog natural disaster phenomena, and reasoning. Finally, the key points and difficulties of an event-based spatiotemporal data modeling and prospective developmental trends were discussed to provide insights with spatiotemporal data modeling.

Electronic Waste Low-Temperature Processing: An Alternative Thermochemical Pretreatment to Improve Component Separation

The production of electronic waste due to technological development, economic growth and increasing population has been rising fast, pushing for solutions before the environmental pressure achieves unprecedented levels. Recently, it was observed that many extractive metallurgy alternatives had been considered to recover value from this type of waste. Regarding pyrometallurgy, little is known about the low-temperature processing applied before fragmentation and subsequent component separation. Therefore, the present manuscript studies such alternative based on scanning electron microscopy characterization. The sample used in the study was supplied by a local recycling center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mass loss was constant at around 30% for temperatures higher than 300 °C. Based on this fact, the waste material was then submitted to low-temperature processing at 350 °C followed by attrition disassembling, size classification, and magnetic concentration steps. In the end, this first report of the project shows that 15% of the sample was recovered with metallic components with high economic value, such as Cu, Ni, and Au, indicating that such methods could be an interesting alternative to be explored in the future for the development of alternative electronic waste extraction routes.

A Mass- and Energy-Conserving Numerical Model for a Fractional Gross–Pitaevskii System in Multiple Dimensions

This manuscript studies a double fractional extended p-dimensional coupled Gross–Pitaevskii-type system. This system consists of two parabolic partial differential equations with equal interaction constants, coupling terms, and spatial derivatives of the Riesz type. Associated with the mathematical model, there are energy and non-negative mass functions which are conserved throughout time. Motivated by this fact, we propose a finite-difference discretization of the double fractional Gross–Pitaevskii system which inherits the energy and mass conservation properties. As the continuous model, the mass is a non-negative constant and the solutions are bounded under suitable numerical parameter assumptions. We prove rigorously the existence of solutions for any set of initial conditions. As in the continuous system, the discretization has a discrete Hamiltonian associated. The method is implicit, multi-consistent, stable and quadratically convergent. Finally, we implemented the scheme computationally to confirm the validity of the mass and energy conservation properties, obtaining satisfactory results.

Archiving Dossier Narrative: Transcribing "Le Pelerinage de Damoiselle Sapience"

The archived documents were created for Transcribing “Le Pelerinage de Damoiselle Sapience”: Scholarly Editing Covid19-Style, a digital transcription, edition creation and writing project in November 2020 as part of the 13th Annual (Virtual) Schoenberg Symposium on Manuscript Studies in the Digital Age. International teams of medieval scholars and paleographers divided into three teams the first of which transcribed a unique manuscript copy of Le Pelerinage de Damoiselle Sapience, a previously unedited French-language text that survives in f. 86r-95v of UPenn MS Codex 660. The second team reviewed the work and the third team provided final editorial sign off and created a micro-edition with commentary that was submitted to the journal Digital Medievalist.

Old English

This chapter has eleven sections: 1. Bibliography; 2. Manuscript Studies, Palaeography, and Facsimiles; 3. Cultural and Intellectual Contexts; 4. Literature: General; 5. The Poems of the Exeter Book; 6. The Poems of the Vercelli Book; 7. The Poems of the Junius Manuscript; 8. Beowulf and the Beowulf Manuscript; 9. Other Poems; 10. Prose; 11. Reception. Sections 1, 9, and 11 are by Eleni Ponirakis; section 2 is by Rachel Burns and Colleen Curran; sections 3, 4, and 10 are by Margaret Tedford; section 5 is by Niamh Kehoe; section 6 is by Rafael J. Pascual; section 7 is by Emma Knowles; section 8 is by Rachel Burns and Kaifan Yang.

Persoalan Niat, Guru dan Ilmu dalam Belajar: Suatu Analisis terhadap MSS 2906(B) Tibyān al-Marām

Issues regarding intention in learning are fundamental in Islamic Education tradition of Malay Archipelago, however, remain unsettled among the community. The misconception about intention, selection of teachers and knowledge are exacerbated by the emergence of various thoughts that aiming for material, usefulness and pridefulness in learning. Therefore, this article will discuss the issues regarding intention, selection of teachers and knowledge in learning according to Malay manuscripts, the MSS 2906(B) Tibyān al-Marām Ṭalibah al-Ṭalabah. This manuscript is selected because it was the only manuscript that specifically and comprehensively discussing about Islamic education in Malay Archipelago. This research applied qualitative method and content analysis of Malay manuscript MSS 2906(B). Based on the analysis of this manuscript, it can be concluded that the most important intention in learning is solely to seek the pleasure of Allah on top of other ukhrawi and duniawi related purposes. This book also emphasizes the importance of correct selection of teachers, knowledge and books in learning process. There are several teacher attributes and four categories of knowledge needed in learning process. This study is expected to provide solution to the issues and confusion among the community including students regarding the concept of intention in Islamic education as well as selection of teachers and knowledge in learning. This study also will explore the other research related to Islamic education in the heritage of the Malay-Muslim community. Keywords: Rules of conduct in learning; Islamic education curriculum, Teacher, Tibyān al-Marām, Manuscript studies Abstrak Persoalan niat dalam belajar merupakan perkara paling asas dalam tradisi Pendidikan Islam Alam Melayu. Namun begitu, ia masih lagi mengundang kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat tentang tujuan seseorang itu belajar. Kekeliruan ini bertambah serius dengan kemunculan beberapa faham asing yang menyempitkan tujuan belajar dan menjelaskan usaha tersebut adalah untuk tujuan material, gunaan dan kebanggaan. Begitu juga kekeliruan berlaku dalam aspek pemilihan guru dan ilmu. Walhal semua aspek ini amat penting dan ia banyak mempengaruhi kejayaan seseorang pelajar. Justeru, artikel ini akan membincangkan persoalan niat dan ketepatan pemilihan guru dan ilmu dalam belajar menurut salah satu manuskrip Melayu, iaitu MSS 2906(B) Tibyān al-Marām Ṭalibah al-Ṭalabah. Pemilihan manuskrip ini disebabkan ia merupakan satu-satunya manuskrip khusus dan ekstensif yang membicara pendidikan Islam Alam Melayu. Kajian ini mengaplikasi metode kualitatif dengan melakukan analisis mendalam terhadap kandungan teks manuskrip Melayu MSS 2906(B). Berdasarkan analisis kandungan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahawa niat yang paling utama dalam belajar ialah memperoleh reda Allah SWT di samping tujuan berkaitan ukhrawi dan duniawi yang lain. Begitu juga, kitab Tibyān al-Marām menegaskan bahawa para pelajar perlu memberi perhatian dan membuat pemilihan guru, ilmu dan kitab yang tepat dalam mengikuti proses belajar. Terdapat beberapa atribut guru yang perlu diperhatikan oleh para pelajar dan empat kategori ilmu yang perlu dijadikan asas semasa memilih ilmu yang ingin dipelajari. Dengan adanya kajian ini diharapkan dapat menyumbang kepada penyelesaian masalah dan kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat dan pelajar tentang tujuan sebenar pendidikan Islam serta pemilihan guru dan ilmu semasa pengajian. Artikel ini juga selanjutnya akan meneroka pelbagai kajian lanjutan berkaitan pendidikan Islam dalam khazanah warisan masyarakat Melayu-Islam. Kata kunci: Adab Belajar, Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam, Guru, Tibyān al-Marām, Kajian Manuskrip

Dunhuang Texts

At the turn of the 20th century, a small, walled-up cave was discovered by Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu王圆禄on the Buddhist site of the Thousand Buddha Caves, or Mogao Caves, located near Dunhuang (in the present-day Chinese province of Gansu). The room revealed a huge cache of manuscripts dating from the late 4th century up to the beginning of 11th century; the time around which it was probably sealed off. Although it also contained a smaller number of drawings, paintings, textiles, and other artifacts, the secret repository is popularly referred to as the “Library Cave” or “Cave 17” after the number that the explorer Marc Aurel Stein assigned to it. The oasis town of Dunhuang was once positioned at a strategic point on the Silk Road. The manuscripts found in Cave 17 reflect the multicultural nature of the region through the range of languages represented and the variety of subject matters covered. They were written in Chinese, Tibetan, Sanskrit, and other ancient Central Asian languages. Although they are primarily Buddhist texts, there are also secular manuscripts, such as letters and contracts, along with a minority of manuscripts showcasing other religions. For these reasons, as well as the relative scarcity of materials surviving from the period, the Dunhuang manuscripts have revolutionized the understanding of medieval China and Central Asia. A whole academic discipline, Dunhuangology, or Dunhuang studies, has developed around them. They open a window into the wider religious and secular worlds of the Silk Road, constituting a major resource for various research fields, including history, Buddhism, linguistics, science, literature, and manuscript studies.

Global Hypothesis Test to Compare the Predictive Values of Diagnostic Tests Subject to a Case-Control Design

Use of a case-control design to compare the accuracy of two binary diagnostic tests is frequent in clinical practice. This design consists of applying the two diagnostic tests to all of the individuals in a sample of those who have the disease and in another sample of those who do not have the disease. This manuscript studies the comparison of the predictive values of two diagnostic tests subject to a case-control design. A global hypothesis test, based on the chi-square distribution, is proposed to compare the predictive values simultaneously, as well as other alternative methods. The hypothesis tests studied require knowing the prevalence of the disease. Simulation experiments were carried out to study the type I errors and the powers of the hypothesis tests proposed, as well as to study the effect of a misspecification of the prevalence on the asymptotic behavior of the hypothesis tests and on the estimators of the predictive values. The proposed global hypothesis test was extended to the situation in which there are more than two diagnostic tests. The results have been applied to the diagnosis of coronary disease.