Time and money volunteering among older adults: the relationship between past and current volunteering and correlates of change and stability

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAMKEE G. CHOI ◽  
RITA JING-ANN CHOU
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Older Volunteers ◽  
Religious Identification ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Demographic Attributes ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTUsing data from the first and second waves of the Survey of Midlife Development in the United States – MIDUS1 1995–1996 and MIDUS2 2004–2006, this paper examines the relationship between the extent of time and money volunteering among people aged 55 or more years at baseline and those of the same age nine years later. Following an analysis of the changes and stability in volunteering status, the paper examines the relationships between change or stability in volunteering and various socio-demographic attributes of the respondents and measures of their human capital, cultural capital and social capital. A majority of older volunteers of time and/or money were repeat volunteers, and the extent of volunteering at the start of the studied period was one of the most significant predictors of the extent of volunteering nine years later. The level of education was a consistent predictor of the extent of both time and money volunteering and of new engagement and stability in volunteering. Social network size, or social connectedness, represented by the number of various meetings attended, was a significant predictor not only of the hours of time volunteering, but also of new engagement and stability in both time and money volunteering. A high degree of religious identification also appeared to be a motivation for money volunteering and to affect the value of donations. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for the recruitment and retention of volunteers.

Why Do High-Status People Have Larger Social Networks? Belief in Status-Quality Coupling as a Driver of Network-Broadening Behavior and Social Network Size

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyin Cao ◽  
Edward Bishop Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Network Size ◽  
High Status ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has demonstrated that the size and reach of people’s social networks tend to be positively related to their social status. Although several explanations help to account for this relationship—for example, higher-status people may be part of multiple social circles and therefore have more social contacts with whom to affiliate—we present a novel argument involving people’s beliefs about the relationship between status and quality, what we call status-quality coupling. Across seven separate studies, we demonstrate that the positive association between social status and network-broadening behavior (as well as social network size) is contingent on the extent to which people believe that status is a reliable indicator of quality. Across each of our studies, high- and low-status people who viewed status and quality as tightly coupled differed in their network-broadening behaviors, as well as in the size of their reported social networks. The effect was largely driven by the perceived self-value and perceived receptivity of the networking target. Such differences were significantly weaker or nonexistent among equivalently high- and low-status people who viewed status as an unreliable indicator of quality. Because the majority of participants—both high- and low-status—exhibited beliefs in status-quality coupling, we conclude that such a belief marks an important and previously unaccounted-for driver of the relationship between status, network-broadening behaviors, and social networks. Implications for research on social capital, advice seeking, and inequality are highlighted in the discussion section.

Social capital networks in sports spectatorship and participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 101269022094086
Author(s):  
Adam Gemar
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between social capital and sport has been an increasing focus of scholarly literature in recent decades. However, very few of these studies consider social capital alongside theories of cultural consumption. Even fewer seek to assess the place of social capital in sports spectatorship. Taking primarily a Bourdieusian and neo-Bourdieusian theoretical approach, this study seeks to rectify these gaps by analysing three key components of social capital – social network size, social network prestige and social network variety – and how they relate to patterns of sports spectatorship and participation. Results indicate that the type of social capital that is most predictive seems to rely heavily upon the nature of the cleavages between cultural patterns of sports engagement. While the size of social network seems most universally applicable to predict sports engagement generally, network variety also seems to be highly applicable to the most omnivorous engagement profiles. Finally, network prestige appears applicable to some highbrow profiles of sports engagement.

scholarly journals SOCIAL NETWORK SIZE AND FREQUENCY OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION: THE RELATIONSHIP TO INTERPERSONAL STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S174-S174
Author(s):  
Xin Yao Lin ◽  
Margie E Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Video Chat ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Social relationships are beneficial for psychological wellbeing, but they are also associated with interpersonal stress. With the growing usage of multiple forms of electronic communications (EC) including phone calls, text messages, video chat, and internet among adults of all ages, it was of interest to explore the relationship between social network size (SNS), in-person communication (PC), and EC, and whether the relationship between SNS and frequency of communication is associated with interpersonal stress. A daily diary study was conducted over seven days for 142 participants ages 22 to 94. SNS was assessed with the social convoy model. Frequency of PC and EC, along with interpersonal stress, were assessed daily. As expected, multiple regression analysis results showed that older adults had smaller SNS and less frequent technology communication (text messages, video chat, internet) compared to younger adults. With regard to effects on interpersonal stress, there were no main effects for frequency of PC, EC, or SNS. However, the frequency of EC moderated the relationship between SNS and interpersonal stress, controlling for amount of PC. Among those with a smaller SNS, having more frequent EC was associated with less interpersonal stress compared to those with less frequent EC. For those with a larger SNS, having more frequent EC was associated with more interpersonal stress compared to those with less EC, but PC was not related to interpersonal stress. The discussion will consider implications of the findings for developing interventions to minimize stress from interpersonal communications, especially those that involve EC.

Do Women Directors Improve Firm Performance and Risk in India?

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150006
Author(s):  
Rwan El-Khatib ◽  
Nishi Joy
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Bankruptcy Risk ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Firm Bankruptcy

We examine board diversity in India following a 2013 law requiring all public companies to have at least one female board member. Our results indicate that having women on the board of directors improves firm performance and reduces firm bankruptcy risk. Using data on directors’ backgrounds and social connections, we find that important factors include female directors’ independence, social network size, committee memberships, and graduate education. Our results hold after addressing endogeneity using instrumental variable (IV) and difference-in-differences (DID) approaches.

scholarly journals Differences in anxieties and social networks in a group-matched sample of autistic and typically developing students transitioning to university

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1151
Author(s):  
Jiedi Lei ◽  
Chris Ashwin ◽  
Mark Brosnan ◽  
Ailsa Russell
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
Matched Design ◽  
The Relationship

Transitioning to university can be anxiety-provoking for all students. The relationship between social anxiety, autistic traits and students’ social network structure, and perceived support is poorly understood. This study used a group-matched design where autistic students ( n = 28) and typically developing students ( n = 28) were matched on sex, age (17–19 years), ethnicity, pre-university academic performance and degree subject at university. Autistic students reported greater transition to university worries, and a smaller social network size compared to typically developing students, though perceived similar levels of support from their social networks. Autistic and typically developing students showed differential patterns of association with both autistic traits and social anxiety. Broader clinical and practical implications of findings are discussed.

Modernization and Religious Concord

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250
Author(s):  
David Weakliem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTocqueville said that Americans combined a general belief in God with a lack of interest in denominational differences. Although this outlook may be particularly prevalent in the United States, it is also visible in other Western societies, although combined with lower levels of religious belief. This paper investigates the possibility of a relationship between a belief that there is truth in many religions and modernization, using data from the Gallup International Millenium Survey. The belief that there is truth in many religions is more prevalent in more affluent nations. Moreover, this belief does not seem to be merely an intermediate stage in a move away from religion. The relationship is about equally strong among people of all religious backgrounds. The tendency for modernization to lead to “religious concord” may help to explain the relationship between modernization and democracy noticed by Lipset.

scholarly journals The Moderating Role of Social Network Size on Social Media Use and Self-Esteem: An Evolutionary Mismatch Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Lim ◽  
Clement Lau ◽  
Norman P. Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Evolutionary Mismatch ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
The Relationship

Existing meta-analyses have shown that the relationship between social media use and self-esteem is negative, but at very small effect sizes, suggesting the presence of moderators that change the relationship between social media use and self-esteem. Employing principles from social comparison and evolutionary mismatch theories, we propose that the social network sizes one has on social media play a key role in the relationship between social media use and self-esteem. In our study (N = 123), we showed that social media use was negatively related to self-esteem, but only when their social network size was within an evolutionarily familiar level. Social media use was not related to self-esteem when people’s social networks were at evolutionarily novel sizes. The data supported both social comparison and evolutionary mismatch theories and elucidated the small effect size found for the relationship between social media use and self-esteem in current literature. More critically, the findings of this study highlight the need to consider evolutionarily novel stimuli that are present on social media to better understand the behaviors of people in this social environment.

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND YOUNG ADULT HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES: DIFFERENCES BY RACE AND GENDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S591-S591
Author(s):  
Grace A Noppert
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Young Adult Health ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract There is compelling evidence to suggest that educational disparities in health differ by both race and gender. This study examines the relationship between respondents’ education and six health outcomes related to cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes using data from Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ages 24-32 years; N = 13,458). We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between education and the odds of each health outcome. Models were stratified by race and gender. We found that the association between education and each health outcome differed by race/ethnicity and gender. While among whites we observed an association between education and each health outcome, for blacks we observed no such associations. It may be that the benefits of education are particularly salient for those in more structurally advantaged positions, pointing to the continued need to address structural inequalities by both gender and race.

scholarly journals Social brain volume is associated with in-degree social network size among older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1871) ◽  
pp. 20172708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyul Kwak ◽  
Won-tak Joo ◽  
Yoosik Youm ◽  
Jeanyung Chey
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Brain Correlates

The social brain hypothesis proposes that large neocortex size evolved to support cognitively demanding social interactions. Accordingly, previous studies have observed that larger orbitofrontal and amygdala structures predict the size of an individual's social network. However, it remains uncertain how an individual's social connectedness reported by other people is associated with the social brain volume. In this study, we found that a greater in-degree network size, a measure of social ties identified by a subject's social connections rather than by the subject, significantly correlated with a larger regional volume of the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and lingual gyrus. By contrast, out-degree size, which is based on an individual's self-perceived connectedness, showed no associations. Meta-analytic reverse inference further revealed that regional volume pattern of in-degree size was specifically involved in social inference ability. These findings were possible because our dataset contained the social networks of an entire village, i.e. a global network. The results suggest that the in-degree aspect of social network size not only confirms the previously reported brain correlates of the social network but also shows an association in brain regions involved in the ability to infer other people's minds. This study provides insight into understanding how the social brain is uniquely associated with sociocentric measures derived from a global network.

scholarly journals Suicides in Young People in Ontario Following the Release of “13 Reasons Why”

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 798-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sinyor ◽  
Marissa Williams ◽  
Ulrich S. Tran ◽  
Ayal Schaffer ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young People ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Model ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: “13 Reasons Why,” a Netflix series, included a controversial depiction of suicide that has raised fears about possible contagion. Studies of youth suicide in the United States found an increase on the order of 10% following release of the show, but this has not been replicated in other countries. This study aims to begin to address that gap by examining the relationship between the show’s release and youth suicide in Canada’s most populous province. Methods: Suicides in young people (under the age of 30) in the province of Ontario following the show’s release on March 31, 2017, were the outcome of interest. Time-series analyses were performed using data from January 2013 to March 2017 to predict expected deaths from April to December 2017 with a simple seasonal model (stationary R 2 = 0.732, Ljung-Box Q = 15.1, df = 16, P = 0.52, Bayesian information criterion = 3.09) providing the best fit/used for the primary analysis. Results: Modeling predicted 224 suicides; however, 264 were observed corresponding to 40 more deaths or an 18% increase. In the primary analysis, monthly suicides exceeded the 95% confidence limit for 3 of the 9 months (May, July, and October). Conclusion: The statistical strength of the findings here is limited by small numbers; however, the results are in line with what has been observed in the United States and what would be expected if contagion were occurring. Further research in other locations is needed to increase confidence that the associations found here are causal.

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