Generational (dis)agreements – family support, national law and older immigrants in extended households

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANIKA LIVERSAGE
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
Extended Households ◽  
Housing Options ◽  
Labour Power

ABSTRACTAs detailed knowledge on multigenerational migrant families is sparse, this paper draws on quantitative and qualitative data to investigate intergenerational co-residence for older Turkish immigrants in Denmark. Registry data show that 23 per cent of Turkish immigrants in the 65–74 years age group live in intergenerational households – a level halfway between levels in Denmark and Turkey. These extended households are predominantly of the ‘culturally ideal’ type – formed by sons, sons’ wives and often the couple's children. One in five extended households, however, includes unwed sons and hence do not provide access to the labour power of daughters-in-law. Many factors seem to contribute to the observed pattern, including variable meanings of intergenerational co-habitation, high levels of poverty and limited housing options for extended families. Interviews with older Turkish immigrants point to another contributing factor, namely men's difficulties finding wives willing to live with parents-in-law. The sons’ hardships in this regard can be tied to a Danish immigration regime that bars marriage migrants from entering into extended households. While Turkish women raised in Denmark do not face such legal restrictions, such young women may reject marriage proposals entailing in-law co-habitation. The study thus adds new nuances to our understanding of how the dynamics of age, gender and immigration experience may shape the ways in which older immigrants live in Europe today.

scholarly journals Tyrkiske skilsmisser i Danmark

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Liversage
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Immigrant Group ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Turkish Immigrant ◽  
Transnational Social Spaces ◽  
Work Education

I Danmark ender ægteskaber langt oftere i skilsmisse, end ægteskaber i Tyrkiet gør. På baggrund af registerdataanalyser viser denne artikel, at skilsmisser blandt indvandrere og efterkommere fra Tyrkiet er blevet stadigt hyppigere gennem de sidste tre årtier, hvor niveauet er steget fra det lave tyrkiske til det højere danske niveau. Interviews med fraskilte tyrkiske mænd og kvinder i Danmark såvel som i Tyrkiet viser, at denne stigning blandt andet kan tilskrives ændrede magtforhold imellem kønnene. Her giver danske samfundsstrukturer som adgang til lønarbejde, uddannelse og sociale ydelser kvinderne bedre muligheder for at forlade dårlige ægteskaber, uanset at der ofte er modstand herimod i familier og netværk. Andre skilsmisser udspringer af generationelle konflikter over partnervalg og over, hvordan ægteskaber overhovedet bør etableres. Endelig har også mulighederne for, at familiesammenførte ægtefæller kan opnå egen opholdstilladelse, betydning i nogle skilsmisser. Her ses, at nogle herboende ægtefæller benytter sig af muligheden for simpelthen at skaffer sig af med uønskede partnere ved at få dem sendt tilbage til Tyrkiet. Samlet set dokumenterer artiklen, at migrationens voldsomme forandringer også slår igennem som spændinger over, hvad ægteskaber bør og ikke bør være, hvornår de kan opløses og af hvem. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Anika Liversage: Turkish Divorces in Denmark Divorce is more frequent in Denmark than in Turkey. This article analyses register data from the Danish divorce registers to show that the divorce rate among Turkish immigrants and their descendants in Denmark has increased from the low Turkish to the higher Danish level during the last three decades. Based on interviews with divorced Turkish men and women living in Denmark and Turkey, the article argues that one reason for this increase in divorce is that access to waged work, education and social support in Denmark gives Turkish women better possibilities for leaving bad marriages, despite social pressures against doing so. Some divorces spring from generation conflicts about how marriages are to be formed in the first place. Some divorces are instigated by a migrant spouse’s inability to obtain a residence permit in Denmark, a situation of unequal power relations that enables the partners living in Denmark to simply dispose of such spouses by having them sent back to Turkey. The article shows that the upheavals of migration are mirrored in tensions over what marriages should and should not be, when they can be ended, and by whom in the Turkish immigrant group. Key words: Divorce, Turkish immigrants, migration, gender, transnational social spaces.

Unskilled, Foreign, and Old

GeroPsych ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Liversage ◽  
Vibeke Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Poverty Levels ◽  
Do So

Abstract. In order to increase our understanding of the financial disparity between older immigrants and their host-country peers, this article combines a cumulative dis/advantage analysis of immigrant life-course experiences while also attending to larger-scale, socioeconomic processes. The article combines qualitative interviews with quantitative register data from a cohort of older Turkish immigrants and compares their situation with that of their host-country peers. The analysis shows considerable inequalities in old age: While 1% of the ethnic majority live below OECD poverty levels, 29% of the immigrants do so. Their financially disadvantaged situation in late life results partly from the accumulation of a lifetime of disadvantages. Also important are the national rules that tie full social security pensions to length of residence in Denmark.

scholarly journals Marriage, Norm Orientation and Leaving the Parental Home: Turkish Immigrant and Native Families in Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Windzio ◽  
Can M. Aybek
Keyword(s):  
Event History ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Turkish Immigrant ◽  
Sequence Patterns ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

This article investigates differences between native Germans and Turkish immigrants in the timing of leaving their parental homes in Germany. By using event history models, it is shown that leaving the parental home is closely linked to the intervening life-event of marriage, particularly among Turkish women. Moreover, there are interaction effects of religious norm orientation with gender which differ between native Germans and Turkish immigrants. In contrast to Turkish immigrants, the linkage of marriage and leaving home became much weaker over birth-cohorts with time in the group of German women. Finally, analyses of sequence patterns also show remarkable differences between native Germans and Turkish immigrants in the process of leaving home. Religious norm orientation turns out to be less important in the Turkish group than in the native German group.

scholarly journals Positive and negative ageing perceptions account for health differences between older immigrant and native populations in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna P. Nieboer ◽  
Thijs van den Broek ◽  
Jane M. Cramm
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Positive Ageing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background This study assessed the extent to which persistent differences in self-rated health (SRH) between older immigrants and natives are attributable to negative and positive ageing perceptions. Methods The study was conducted with three population groups in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: native Dutch people aged ≥70 years (n = 1150), Turkish immigrants aged ≥65 years (n = 680) and Moroccan immigrants aged ≥65 years (n = 292). To assess participants’ internal ageing representations, we used the short Aging Perceptions Questionnaire, which distinguishes negative (consequences, chronic and cyclical timeline awareness, and emotional representations) and positive (positive consequences, positive and negative control) dimensions and has been validated in native and immigrant populations. We analysed differences in ageing perceptions between immigrants and natives and the associations of ageing perceptions with SRH. We used Karlson–Holm–Breen decomposition to assess ageing perceptions’ mediation of the relationship between migration background and SRH. Results Older immigrants had stronger negative and weaker positive ageing perceptions (excepting the positive consequences of ageing) than did Dutch natives. Ageing perceptions mediated the relationship between migration background and SRH. SRH differences between Turkish immigrants and native Dutch older persons were explained mainly by differences in negative consequences and cyclical timeline awareness. SRH differences between Moroccan immigrants and native Dutch older persons were attributable mainly to differences in negative consequences and positive control. Conclusions Differences in positive and negative ageing perceptions between older immigrants and natives in the Netherlands largely explained SRH differences between these population groups.

scholarly journals Inequalities in Frailty Among Older Turkish and Moroccan Immigrants and Native Dutch: Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiel O. Hoogendijk ◽  
Maaike E. Muntinga ◽  
Sascha de Breij ◽  
Martijn Huisman ◽  
Silvia S. Klokgieters
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study

AbstractVery few studies have investigated frailty among older immigrants in Europe. The aim of the current study was to investigate inequalities in frailty in young-olds related to gender, educational level and country of origin, as well as intersections between these characteristics. Cross-sectional data were used from older Turkish and Moroccan immigrants (n = 466) and native Dutch (n = 1,020), all aged 55–65 years and participating in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Frailty was assessed with a 30-item frailty index, based on the deficit accumulation approach. Frailty was higher among women, lower educated, and people with a migration background. Of all groups considered, frailty levels were the highest among Turkish immigrants. No statistically significant interaction effects between gender, educational level and country of origin were found. When targeting frailty interventions, special attention should be devoted to older immigrants, as they are the most vulnerable group with the highest frailty levels.

An atomic-resolution microscope study of Al contracts on GaAs

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Z. Liliental-Weber ◽  
C. Nelson ◽  
R. Ludeke ◽  
R. Gronsky ◽  
J. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semiconductor Interfaces ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Microwave Applications ◽  
Free Interfaces ◽  
Potential Use

The properties of metal/semiconductor interfaces have received considerable attention over the past few years, and the Al/GaAs system is of special interest because of its potential use in high-speed logic integrated optics, and microwave applications. For such materials a detailed knowledge of the geometric and electronic structure of the interface is fundamental to an understanding of the electrical properties of the contact. It is well known that the properties of Schottky contacts are established within a few atomic layers of the deposited metal. Therefore surface contamination can play a significant role. A method for fabricating contamination-free interfaces is absolutely necessary for reproducible properties, and molecularbeam epitaxy (MBE) offers such advantages for in-situ metal deposition under UHV conditions

High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of an automobile catalytic converter

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
Jan-Olle Malm ◽  
Jan-Olov Bovin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Atomic Surface

Understanding of catalytic processes requires detailed knowledge of the catalyst. As heterogeneous catalysis is a surface phenomena the understanding of the atomic surface structure of both the active material and the support material is of utmost importance. This work is a high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) study of different phases found in a used automobile catalytic converter.The high resolution micrographs were obtained with a JEM-4000EX working with a structural resolution better than 0.17 nm and equipped with a Gatan 622 TV-camera with an image intensifier. Some work (e.g. EDS-analysis and diffraction) was done with a JEM-2000FX equipped with a Link AN10000 EDX spectrometer. The catalytic converter in this study has been used under normal driving conditions for several years and has also been poisoned by using leaded fuel. To prepare the sample, parts of the monolith were crushed, dispersed in methanol and a drop of the dispersion was placed on the holey carbon grid.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

Apportionment of Impairment from Meniscal Tears and Knee Arthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Knee Arthritis ◽  
Degenerative Arthritis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Physical Findings ◽  
Causation Analysis

Abstract Meniscal tears and osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis, degenerative arthritis, or degenerative joint disease) are two of the most common conditions involving the knee. This article includes definitions of apportionment and causes; presents a case report of initial and recurrent tears of the medial meniscus plus osteoarthritis (OA) in the medial compartment of the knee; and addresses questions regarding apportionment. The authors, experienced impairment raters who are knowledgeable regarding the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), show that, when instructions on impairment rating are incomplete, unclear, or inconsistent, interrater reliability diminishes (different physicians may derive different impairment estimates). Accurate apportionment of impairment is a demanding task that requires detailed knowledge of causation for the conditions in question; the mechanisms of injury or extent of exposures; prior and current symptoms, functional status, physical findings, and clinical study results; and use of the appropriate edition of the AMA Guides. Sometimes the available data are incomplete, requiring the rating physician to make assumptions. However, if those assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the medical literature and facts of the case, if the causation analysis is plausible, and if the examiner follows impairment rating instructions in the AMA Guides (or at least uses a rational and hence defensible method when instructions are suboptimal), the resulting apportionment should be credible.

The Glissonian Approach of the Hilum

Swiss Surgery ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Launois ◽  
Maddern ◽  
Tay
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Porta Hepatis ◽  
Liver Segment ◽  
Glissonian Approach

The detailed knowledge of the segmental anatomy of the liver has led to a rapid evolution in resectional surgery based on the intrahepatic distribution of the portal trinity (the hepatic artery, hepatic duct and portal vein). The classical intrafascial or extrahepatic approach is to isolate the appropriate branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery and the hepatic duct, outside the liver substance. Another method, the extrafascial approach, is to dissect the whole sheath of the pedicle directly after division of a substantial amount of the hepatic tissue to reach the pedicle, which is surrounded by a sheath, derived from Glisson's capsule. This Glissonian sheath encloses the portal trinity. In the transfissural or intrahepatic approach, these sheaths can be approached either anteriorly (after division of the main, right or umbilical fissure) or posteriorly from behind the porta hepatis. We describe the technique for approaching the Glissonian sheath and hence the hepatic pedicle structures and their branches by the intrahepatic posterior approach that allows early delineation of the liver segment without the need for ancillary techniques. In addition, the indications for the use of this technique in the technical and oncologic settings are also discussed.

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